The aim of this study was to examine Swedish hiphop-artists’ view on conditions in the suburbs and to find out what their music represent, and to reach an understanding about whether social movements exist in suburbs. The study was based on qualitative interviews with hiphop-artists’ whose music had a connection to suburbs. The artists had different ages, gender and residential area. Six of the interviews were conducted through video calls and one of them through a physical interview. The questions were made up through a framework before the interviews and our choice of interview approach enabled us to ask additional questions. The result showed that the conditions in the suburbs were characterized by community and love. It also showed that residents had difficulties because of their life choices and it affected their possibilities regarding to school and work. Further the hiphop-artists’ music was described as a reality portrayal or as a way to express their feelings. Some of them also felt responsible as role models, wanted to affect others, had the music as an interest and some just wanted to convey real experiences. The analysis was based on Eyerman and Jamison (2005) perspective about social movements, which means that a group collectively joins and acts to change existing conflicts and problems in society. As a conclusion the hiphop-artists’ experience racism from the society which affect them and their music. Another conclusion is that it exists a social movement in the suburbs and can be understood by the hiphop-artists’ descriptions of the suburbs conditions.

Thesis. 1975. Ph.D. cn--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / Bibliography: leaves 481-505. / Ph.D.cn

No estudo apresentado, buscou-se compreender alguns aspectos que ocorrem no processo de urbanização da cidade de São Paulo. Há análise do uso do espaço e a sua apropriação, especialmente na periferia, tendo como mediação a produção do Carnaval e as relações sociais decorrentes. Abordam-se aspectos da formação urbana de São Paulo a partir da forte industrialização que se deu dos anos 50 e da extensa periferia que se formou na metrópole, especialmente dos anos 70 (séc. XX) em diante. Esse processo é analisado por meio da bibliografia e depoimentos colhidos, mantendo o viés Carnaval como mediação do direito ao encontro, à festa, à cidade. Analisa-se, ainda, a cooptação da festa pelo espetáculo-midiático e pelo poder público por meio do processo de alienação dos criadores da festa e dos resultados colhidos com o espetáculo. / Throughout the presented study, aspects of the urbanization process of São Paulo City are looked into. It analyses the space use and appropriation, especially in the City\'s suburban outskirts having as mediation, Carnival production and the social relations deriving from it. It goes into aspects of São Paulo\'s urban shaping by the strong industrialization period which took place during the 50s and the extensive suburban area growth on its outskirts beginning in the 70s. This process is analyzed by bibliography mean\'s and harvested depositions, keeping the bias Carnival as mediation of the right to the meeting, the party, the city. It also analyzes the co-option of the party towards the media-show and government format, through the alienation process of the party creators as well as the results coming from the show.

Depuis le début des années 2010, le terme de « quotidien » remplace celui de « banlieue » dans certains discours politiques pour désigner les gares ferroviaires de proximité en Île-de-France. Contrairement aux « quartiers sensibles » ou aux « agglomérations », cette expression des « gares du quotidien » se présente a priori bien plus comme un nouvel élément de langage dans l’air du temps que comme une catégorie politique ou administrative installée. Néanmoins, celle-ci apparaît dans le débat public à un moment particulier, en creux du projet de Grand Paris Express, comme précipitée par un certain nombre d’acteurs aux stratégies et idéaux a priori convergents, et s’accompagne d’une vague de travaux assez inédite dans les gares de ces réseaux. De plus, le « quotidien » ne saurait renvoyer aux mêmes images ni aux mêmes valeurs que la « banlieue ». En cela, cette substitution ne saurait être fortuite. À partir d'une analyse des représentations véhiculées par différentes formes de récits d’acteurs d’une part, et d’une exploration des gares et des projets dont elles font l’objet dans le territoire de la Seine Aval d’autre part, cette thèse entend dévoiler les ruptures qui autorisent l’émergence des « gares du quotidien » comme nouvelle catégorie du Grand Paris, les significations qui la traversent, et les transformations auxquelles elle engage. Son ambition est ainsi de discuter plus largement les fonctions imaginaires de la catégorisation dans la fabrique des espaces urbains. Ce faisant, ce travail propose une relecture de l’histoire contemporaine de l’aménagement francilien à travers la lentille du « quotidien », et révèle sous cet angle certains basculements dans le rapport des acteurs du transport et de l’urbanisme à la « banlieue » et à ses habitants, mais aussi dans les segmentations professionnelles et les rapports de force en présence / The beginning of the years 2010s saw a terminological shift within political discourses: railway stations in the Île-de-France region, previously designated as ‘suburban stations’, increasingly became known as ‘everyday life stations’. Unlike other trending expressions such as ‘sensitive neighbourhoods’ or ‘agglomerations’, this expression does not relate to a well-identified political or administrative category. Nonetheless, it appears in public debate at a peculiar moment, in the context of the Greater Paris (Grand Paris) project, as if it were precipitated by a wide array of actors sharing conveying ideals and strategies. It is also accompanied by important work in the stations of these networks. As a result, this substitution cannot be incidental, and the term ‘everyday life’ indeed refers to imaginaries that differ substantially from the previously used adjective – ‘suburban’. By analysing the representations conveyed by different forms of stakeholders’ narratives, and by exploring stations and the urban projects they are part of in the Seine Aval territory, this dissertation seeks to unravel the fractures and discontinuities that allow for the emergence of ‘everyday life stations’ as a new category of the Greater Paris, its interweaving meanings, and the way in which it renews the materiality of spaces. Its ambition is thus to discuss more broadly the imaginary functions of categorisation in urban fabric. In doing so, the work offers a new reading grid for the contemporary history of planning in the Île-de-France region. By looking through the lens of ‘everyday life’, it uncovers a number of shifts in the relationships between actors in the transportation and urban planning sectors, with suburban areas and their inhabitants. This approach is also insightful for the assessment of professional segmentations and power relations at work

Face aux crises sociales, écologiques et politiques liées au processus d’urbanisation, on assiste au développement d’une sorte de consensus international autour de la « démocratie participative » comme une des meilleures pratiques (best practices) de gestion politique pour relever les défis. L’objet de cette thèse consiste à convoquer à la fois la sociologie des réseaux de politiques publiques pour voir dans quelles conditions et par quelles catégories de groupes d’acteurs se diffuse à l’échelle mondiale et locale ce principe participationniste à prétention universelle, et le courant des instruments d’action publique pour questionner l’idée d’une convergence des dispositifs participatifs conçus comme des outils stabilisés voire labellisés de gestion publique locale. C’est à ces questions que va tenter de répondre la présente recherche à partir de l’analyse de la « démocratie participative » dans trois politiques municipales de trois communes à la périphérie de grandes métropoles : Nanterre (en région parisienne), la Commune I (du District de Bamako) et Yeumbeul-Nord (dans la région de Dakar). Ces trois villes populaires sont toutes membres d’un réseau transnational d’élus locaux de périphérie — Le Réseau FALP - dont le discours politique antilibéral préconi des étropo1es plus inclusives. / The generalization of the urban phenomenon in the early 21st century is accompanied by a globalization of slum areas and forms of socio-spatial segregation in major metropolises. Therefore, global networks of mayors from popular suburbs such as the Forum of the Peripheral Local Authorities (FALP) created an alter-globalization movement against the global trend spread by the neoliberal ideology. This thesis analyses the emergence of the FALP network as a transnational actor promoting norms and models with a universal vocation and playing a major role in the local governance of urban policies. Several sub-disciplines of political science have been mobilised from a comparative perspective: a specific methodological approach combining local surveys of different suburban areas, members of FALP, in France, Mali and Senegal, and a multi-sited research of various international events organized by the FALP network. The first part of the thesis examines the asymmetries of power and political influence in suburb issues from a global point of view. The second part sets out the challenges of FALP’s universalist project for decentralisation and participatory democracy in both Mali and Senegal. The third part explores the influence of alternative solutions advocated by the FALP network in the management of domestic waste, focusing on two case studies in Bamako and Dakar.

In the post-World War II era land development in the United States has largely been focused on the expansion away from urban centers and out into the surrounding suburbs. While the development of suburbs began with utopian ideals of spiritual wholeness, their actual manifestation on the American landscape has been subject to harsh critiques about their long-term economic and environmental feasibility, fostering of social alienation, and general placelessness. In this thesis I address the criticism of suburbs as placeless, asking ―What are the particular practices of place-making in North American suburbs?‖ Examining interviews, cognitive map surveys, participant observation, archival materials, and geoweb activity through lenses of imageability and anticipatory action I seek to better understand how the residents of an Indianapolis suburb narrate, structure, and produce a sense of place in their own community. In doing so I argue that that suburbs force an understanding of place as both experiential and social that is beyond mere aesthetics.

Thesis advisor: John Raeburn Thesis advisor: Laura Rigal. Includes bibliographic references (p. 363-382).

Notre recherche s’est concentrée sur les jeunes des cités urbaines précarisées, issus de l’immigration, et évoluant de ce fait dans un environnement plurilingue et pluriculturel.Le parler de ces jeunes suscite l’intérêt des sociolinguistes depuis un certain temps. La notion de parler jeunes ou de pratiques langagières des jeunes a émergé dans les représentations du grand public et dans le champ de la sociolinguistique dans les années quatre-vingt. De nombreux sociolinguistes ont consacré leurs études au parler des jeunes dans les groupes de pairs d’adolescents entre 9 et 18 ans. Cet âge est donc considéré comme le plus productif pour l’utilisation de vannes et d’insultes.En France, l’utilisation des vannes commence à se répandre après les deux grandes vagues d’immigration du Maghreb et de l’Afrique subsaharienne dans les années soixante et quatre-vingt. Ce phénomène peut être expliqué par le fait que les vannes traduisent un partage de valeurs, de codes linguistiques et comportementaux et sont ainsi une trace des cultures d’origine et des insultes à parenté des pays d’Afrique du Nord ou d’Afrique Subsaharienne.Les vannes peuvent paraître assez déstabilisantes pour un auditeur non averti. D’une part, elles expriment la culture des rues : les activités délictueuses, les conduites addictives, la sexualité, les relations interethniques et les conflits. D’autre part, elles sont ludiques, initiatiques, cryptiques et souvent obscènes. Le contenu des vannes concerne souvent les membres de la famille, en particulier la mère.Le corpus présenté dans la thèse constitué à partir d’enquêtes de terrain réalisées entre 2012 et 2014, illustre la pratique des échanges de vannes au sein de groupe de pairs de jeunes de 14 à 28 ans, appartenant à différents groupes sociaux. Il reflète ce mode de communication de la culture des rues contemporaine et montre que la pratique des vannes occupe une place essentielle dans la vie quotidienne de ces jeunes. / This research looks into the language practices of young people in the multilingual and multicultural context of the urban sensible suburbs of the Paris area.Young people’s language has interested linguists and sociologist for a long time. The first sociolinguistic studies emerge around 1980 in the United States. Many sociolinguists were studying young people`s language in peer groups of 9 to 18 years old teenagers. Sociolinguists consider this age range to be more productive for digs and insults.In France, the use of digs begins to be diffused with the first emigration wave from the Maghreb in the 1960s and the second one in the 1980s. This phenomenon can be explained because of the tradition in the use of digs in many north-African countries.The use of digs out of peer groups is always very destabilizing for an uninformed listener. Firstly, digs show the character of the street culture. Secondary, they are playful, initiatory, cryptic and very often obscene. The digs contents affect family members, especially the mother.The corpus presented in the thesis is formed from interviews conducted between 2012 and 2014. It shows the practice of digs in the peer groups of 14 to 28 year-old teenagers, belonging to different social groups. It reflects this mode of communication of the contemporary culture of streets and shows that the practice of digs plays an essential role in the daily lives of these young people.

A presente dissertação ampara-se na perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Teoria Crítica, a partir da qual retoma-se a proposta marxiana, inserida na análise direcionada pela relação mediada entre produção e consumo, com relação ao espaço, especialmente o urbano. Desta forma, realiza-se a análise do processo de Reestruturação Urbana do bairro de Campo Grande, ancorado nos desdobramentos da relação mediada entre produção e consumo, onde as iniciativas inseridas em tal processo têm realizado intenso movimento de fragmentação da espacialidade campograndense, constituindo-se no seu decurso, a formação de sua periferia interna, como marca das dinâmicas que intentam a apropriação capitalista do espaço social, inseridas diretamente no processo de (re) valorização capitalística do mesmo. / The current dissertation is based on the theoretical-methodological perspective of Critical Theory, which returns to the Marxist proposal, inserted in the analysis guided by the relation that lies between production and consumption, especially related to urban space. This way, the analysis of the Urban Restructuring process of the Campo Grande area has been performed, supported in the implications of the relation that lies between production and consumption, where the inserted initiatives in that process have been producing intense movement of fragmentation of the Campo Grande space, establishing the formation of internal suburbs, as a mark of dynamics that is intend for capitalist appropriation of the social space, directly inserted in the process of its capitalistic (re) evaluation.

A presente dissertação ampara-se na perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Teoria Crítica, a partir da qual retoma-se a proposta marxiana, inserida na análise direcionada pela relação mediada entre produção e consumo, com relação ao espaço, especialmente o urbano. Desta forma, realiza-se a análise do processo de Reestruturação Urbana do bairro de Campo Grande, ancorado nos desdobramentos da relação mediada entre produção e consumo, onde as iniciativas inseridas em tal processo têm realizado intenso movimento de fragmentação da espacialidade campograndense, constituindo-se no seu decurso, a formação de sua periferia interna, como marca das dinâmicas que intentam a apropriação capitalista do espaço social, inseridas diretamente no processo de (re) valorização capitalística do mesmo. / The current dissertation is based on the theoretical-methodological perspective of Critical Theory, which returns to the Marxist proposal, inserted in the analysis guided by the relation that lies between production and consumption, especially related to urban space. This way, the analysis of the Urban Restructuring process of the Campo Grande area has been performed, supported in the implications of the relation that lies between production and consumption, where the inserted initiatives in that process have been producing intense movement of fragmentation of the Campo Grande space, establishing the formation of internal suburbs, as a mark of dynamics that is intend for capitalist appropriation of the social space, directly inserted in the process of its capitalistic (re) evaluation.