Dans une région francilienne en mutation (nouveau schéma de planification, construction du Grand Paris, recomposition intercommunale), la grande couronne et ses habitants ne semblent toujours pas faire l’objet d’une attention particulière. Cette thèse propose d’aller au-delà des discours convenus sur les modes de vie ayant cours sur ces territoires qui, derrière la généralisation du terme de grande couronne, révèlent une complexité invitant à dépasser les clichés auxquels ils sont souvent réduits (le pavillon, la voiture, le jardin).Plutôt que de s’appuyer sur des périmètres déjà établis pour considérer les pratiques et représentations des habitants, il s’agit de réfléchir, à l’inverse, aux modalités de territorialisation de leurs modes de vie, c'est-à-dire de comprendre quels ressorts spécifiques mobilisent ceux-ci pour élaborer un mode de vie le plus conforme possible à leurs besoins et aspirations face à des ressources et caractéristiques territoriales données et quels territoires de vie se donnent alors à voir. Les habitants dont il est ici question sont ceux du Centre Essonne-Seine-Orge, le territoire d’études de l’Agence d’urbanisme et de développement Essonne-Seine-Orge, au sein de laquelle a été réalisée cette thèse en CIFRE. En nous intéressant de plus près à leur consommation, prise comme partie offrant une compréhension de tout le mode de vie, nous mettrons à l’épreuve un filtre de lecture bien souvent employé à propos des habitants de grande couronne, celui de la contrainte. Au contraire, loin d'être des individus passifs, condamnés à subir les défauts d'un territoire démuni ou mal muni, les habitants du CESO s'affirment au contraire comme des individus agiles face à leurs environs. Mieux encore, ils ne sont pas seulement des habitants qui parviendraient à échapper aux contraintes liées à leurs caractéristiques propres ou celles de leur territoire. L’enquête du terrain permet de proposer une figure hypothétique : celle d'habitants, peut-être plus malins qu'ailleurs parce qu'encouragés, par ces contraintes imaginées ou réelles, à mettre en place d'autres solutions, à recourir à d'autres compétences, à développer d'autres connaissances pour construire des modes de vie se déployant dans des lieux spécifiques davantage conformes à leurs besoins et envies propres / Despite the major changes occurring in the Île-de-France region (a renewed planning scheme, Grand Paris project, new territorial division), the outer suburbs and their inhabitants still do not raise a particular interest from the public authorities. Their lifestyle would confirm upheld stereotypes about this part of the region, as characterized by residents occupying a detached house, a closed garden and owning a personal car. This thesis aims at exploring the complexity hidden beyond the all-embracing designation of “outer suburbs”. Many research studies focus on this kind of territory but examine pre-defined perimeters as a starting-point to understand social practices. On the contrary, this thesis considers observing the way of life is fertile, even more from the point of view of those who directly experience it, meaning the inhabitants. In contrast, this thesis considers observing the inhabitants’ way of life, therefore considering the point of view of those who directly experience the territory, offers a much richer material. Instead of starting from institutional or statistical perimeters to analyze practices and representations, we will try to understand how inhabitants build the spatial translations of their needs and wishes, considering the specific available resources around them, and then analyze these newly-defined areas. We will explore the specific process they undertake and the spatial results of these process. The inhabitants we investigated live in a specific area called Centre Essonne-Seine-Orge, where this thesis was carried out with the Agence d’urbanisme et de développement Essonne-Seine-Orge. This thesis more particularly deals with consumer practices, images that are associated to them and the specific areas people reach to shop. This outlook is metonymical: we investigate one part of their ways of life to understand it as a whole. Limitation and constraint are frequently used as an interpretative framework to analyze the ways of life of inhabitants of outer suburbs. They are thought to live “sub”-ways of life, to deal with territorial flaws. During our inquiry, we did not encounter any of the submissive and frustrated characters we had anticipated. The inhabitants are, on the contrary, able to find their own ways of escaping from the clichés, twisting the expected uses of their territory and developing the new skills and knowledge needed to build a way of life that allows them to reach a satisfying existential balance

No estudo apresentado, buscou-se compreender alguns aspectos que ocorrem no processo de urbanização da cidade de São Paulo. Há análise do uso do espaço e a sua apropriação, especialmente na periferia, tendo como mediação a produção do Carnaval e as relações sociais decorrentes. Abordam-se aspectos da formação urbana de São Paulo a partir da forte industrialização que se deu dos anos 50 e da extensa periferia que se formou na metrópole, especialmente dos anos 70 (séc. XX) em diante. Esse processo é analisado por meio da bibliografia e depoimentos colhidos, mantendo o viés Carnaval como mediação do direito ao encontro, à festa, à cidade. Analisa-se, ainda, a cooptação da festa pelo espetáculo-midiático e pelo poder público por meio do processo de alienação dos criadores da festa e dos resultados colhidos com o espetáculo. / Throughout the presented study, aspects of the urbanization process of São Paulo City are looked into. It analyses the space use and appropriation, especially in the City\'s suburban outskirts having as mediation, Carnival production and the social relations deriving from it. It goes into aspects of São Paulo\'s urban shaping by the strong industrialization period which took place during the 50s and the extensive suburban area growth on its outskirts beginning in the 70s. This process is analyzed by bibliography mean\'s and harvested depositions, keeping the bias Carnival as mediation of the right to the meeting, the party, the city. It also analyzes the co-option of the party towards the media-show and government format, through the alienation process of the party creators as well as the results coming from the show.

Leisure time is an important part of young people’s lives. Despite this, leisure-time settings have hitherto had only a minor role in setting-based health-promotion initiatives. Improving adolescents’ quality of leisuretime activities can reduce social differences in health, thus youth-centers can be appropriate settings for promoting health. However, young people with immigrant backgrounds participate less in organized leisure-time activities. The overall aim of this study is to explore young people’s leisure time as their health-promotion setting in two NGO-run youth-centers in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden. This study took a practice-based approach using a mixture of methods in close collaboration with the youth-centers. Data collection was done through surveys with young people (n = 207) and interviews with young people and leaders (n = 16). Study I, about who participates in youthcenter activities, used an explanatory mixed method. Study II, about the youth-centers’ strategies, used an explorative qualitative method with an inductive content analysis. This study shows that youth-centers have great potential to be a healthpromotion setting if their strategies include some important factors, both in theory and in daily practice. To be a health-promotion setting, a youthcenter needs to be open and inclusive for its target group, foster supportive relationships, emphasize youth empowerment, and integrate family, school, and community in its strategies. Local knowledge about young people's backgrounds, needs, interests, and motivations to attend youth-center activities – as well as good contact with young people's families – is important because it can increase participation in leisure-time activities for young people in multicultural and socio- economically disadvantaged neighborhoods and can thus help to reduce social inequalities in health.

Bakgrund: Kvinnors identitet i förorter Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att studera hur kvinnor i förorten utformar identiteter i spänningsfältet mellan olika identitetserbjudanden och hur kvinnor förhåller sig till dessa identitetserbjudanden. Metod: En kvalitativ studie har genomförts utifrån fokusgruppsintervjuer där vi har lyssnat på respondenternas personliga upplevelser. Sammantaget deltog 4 kvinnliga respondenter i åldern 22-45 år som sedan analyserades. Resultat: Studiens resultat vittnar om att respondenterna delar gemensamma åsikter kring utanförskapet som existerar i deras respektive bostadsområde. Kvinnorna nämner kontinuerliga anpassningar som behöver tas ställning till när de befinner sig utanför förorten. Respondenterna delar också uppfattningen att utseende och bostadsområdet (förorten) begränsar handlingsutrymmet exempelvis när de söker arbete. Kvinnorna antyder även att omgivningen och miljön är företeelser som begränsar och reglerar möjligheten att utforma den egna identiteten.

Segregation is increasing in Sweden, and the political discourse about violence in Swedish suburbs has intensified dramatically throughout the last years. Segregated areas are often described as dangerous areas with a lot of insecurities. In this paper, I´m going to present a case study of Botkyrka municipality which is in south Stockholm. The purpose of this study is to see if media and political discourse are stigmatizing Botkyrka or not. By interviewing people living in Botkyrka, I get their perspective of living in Botkyrka municipality. This case study can be exemplifying a case study of suburbs in Stockholm as the discourse can be similar to other suburbs in Stockholm. This case study is following an abductive qualitative approach using theories as neighborhood-effect, segregation, and territorial stigma to answer the research questions “Does the image of Botkyrka municipality presented by political actors and media create territorial stigmatization of Botkyrka municipality?” and  “What are Botkyrka municipality as an organization doing to decrease segregation, and what are the biggest challenges in their work?” Interviews are conducted both randomly in chosen areas and in-depth interviews with chosen respondents. Findings from this case study show that certain areas of Botkyrka are stigmatized, that citizens in Botkyrka refer to some areas as dangerous, which is also presented in political discourse and media, as events taking place in these areas are referred to Botkyrka, it creates a territorial stigma of Botkyrka municipality. As some neighborhoods in Botkyrka is affected more negatively by school segregation, youth in these areas face a higher risk of getting excluded from society and fall into a destructive way of living, as influences among youth living in low-economic neighborhoods are strong predictors of negative behaviors, such as drug abuse, crime, and participation in the job market. Territorial stigma and the neighborhood-effect becomes obstacles in the work of decreasing segregation, further, inequality is an obstacle in the work of decreasing segregation. The unequal access to different key resources as housing, education, and jobs are great challenges in process of decreasing segregation.

Cette étude est basée sur une comparaison thématique de deux romans des auteurs beurs, Azouz Begag et Faiza Guène. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de démontrer l’évolution entre le processus d’intégration rapporté par Begag dans les années 1980 et celui de Guène dans les années 2000. Quels messages veulent-ils faire passer aux lecteurs et dans quelle mesure les obstacles affrontés par Béni et Doria ont-ils eu une influence sur leur destin ? / This research is based on a thematic comparison of two novels by two North-African authors, Azouz Begag and Faiza Guène. The objective of this essay is to show the evolution of the integration process, recounted by Begag in the 1980s and by Guène in the 2000s. What message do they want to present to their readers and, to what extent do the obstacles that Béni and Doria encounter, have an influence on their destiny?

In the decades following 1945, Americans moved increasingly out of cities into suburbs. The migration illustrated the emergence of a new, broader middle class as a result of growing postwar affluence. In the previous half-century, families living in a suburb could claim middle-class status. The emerging class built its identity on the forms and values adopted from this earlier, more affluent Victorian middle class. These adopted values were played out in a home designed around Progressive era ideals of the family. Through this Progressive filter, the new concept of the home was scaled down, without servants, and ceased existing wholly as the wife's sphere of influence--as in the Victorian version. The Progressive impulse also reduced the size of the house to make it more efficient, and through government subsidies shaped the home into a smaller, economically sized package. The financial framework that determined the shape of the postwar home also influenced the technology placed within its walls. This financially influenced technology particularly affected the shape and content of the kitchen. The new, efficient kitchen did not release women from their duty to provide daily family meals, but it did create a culturally safe space for men to cook as a hobby. In the postwar, suburban kitchen women and men contended with economic pressures and changing social realities which complicated the Victorian values and Progressive ideals. Middle-class women needed to leave the home for work, and--now separated from traditional urban social outlets--middle-class men sought refuge in the suburban home. By examining Sunset magazine's "Chefs of the West" column, traditional women's cookbooks and service magazines, men's magazines, building industry trade journals, and census reports, the kitchen demonstrates that women and men reshaped the home in response to changing middle-class values. While financing regulations at first shaped how the emerging middle class lived within the postwar, suburban home, residents reinterpreted the space as a reaction to the economic changes around them. This cycle continued with each new interpretation of the postwar single-family home.

This is a case study about policy responses to a specific form of gentrification at the urban fringe: the closure of manufactured home parks in Oregon.The study analyzes the following research questions: (a) What factors affected the quantity and distribution of manufactured home parks? (b) Why did parks close? (c) How did the state legislature respond and why? (d) What are the likely impacts of the state response? A wide variety of sources (e.g., key informant interviews, observations of meetings and public hearings, focus groups of park residents, archival materials and secondary data about manufactured home parks) are employed to investigate a phenomenon imbedded in its context.Parks subject to development pressures, as evidenced by their location in an area experiencing population growth and within an Urban Growth Boundary, were significantly more likely to close than other parks. Manufactured home parks were replaced by compact, mixed-use development in urban or urbanizing areas--smart growth. Based on this evidence, this study concludes that gentrification, in the form of park closures, is integral to Oregon's process of metropolitan restructuring.In the wake of mounting publicity about park closures, the 2007 Oregon legislature adopted legislation that supported two ameliorating strategies: (a) reduce the harm caused to displaced manufactured homeowners through financial assistance, and (b) preserve parks where possible through enabling resident purchases from willing sellers. Who pays for the costs of this legislative package and preemption of local ordinances were the most contested issues.This research is one of the first to analyze gentrification in urban fringe areas. To understand the economic dynamics, it applies rent gap theory to the special case of divided asset ownership. It explores the likely efficacy of two types of policy remedies. Finally, by establishing park closures as a form of gentrification related to metropolitan restructuring, this case study raises the question of whether policies could support a kind of metropolitan restructuring that does not take the toll on people and places exacted by gentrification.

This thesis studies Covid-19 influence on public life in three different Stockholm suburbs. Strategies to decrease the spread of Covid-19 have made people stay where they live and keep physical distance. Thereby more residents might spend more time in their suburban area and use the public realm differently than before. Similarly, current planning trends such as 1- and-15 minute cities emphasize the need for more functions in residential areas. The case study suburbs have varying characteristics. Aspudden is a very urban suburb with a high street, Bredäng a post-war modernist influenced suburb and Mälarhöjden a garden city inspired suburb. The findings suggest that people wanted to spend more time in green areas as well as socialising outside during Covid-19. Mälarhöjden appeared to use part of their suburban centre slightly more during the pandemic. The socioeconomic contexts of the different suburbs also appear to influence public life patterns during Covid-19 and more importantly put areas like Bredäng at a higher mortality risk for Covid-19 the other areas, which should be investigated further.

No description available.