Intensivundervisning i matematik - att vara eller icke vara. En problematisering av intensivundervisning i matematik. / Intensive education in mathematics - to be or not to beA problematization of intensive education in mathenatics

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito demostrar la relación entre los factores que los potenciales emprendedores perciben como críticos  en la etapa inicial de los startups en el Perú y su percepción de la probabilidad del éxito. Los pequeños negocios y startups en el Perú en estos últimos años han tomado relevancia y por ende el éxito en ellas en un proceso nuevo denominado escalamiento. Dichos factores pueden evidenciarse tanto en la etapa pre inicial de la startup como en la etapa de desarrollo de tal manera que, unos en gran medida que otros, impiden el éxito de estos emprendimiento. Según lo mencionado, se detallará diversos datos y opiniones de millennials que planeen instituir una startup a futuro y a fundadores de startups vigentes. De este modo se identificarán las distintas percepciones que argumenten si realmente estos factores atentan contra el escalamiento de las startups en la etapa inicial de estas. / This research work aims to demonstrate the relationship between the factors that potential entrepreneurs perceive as critical in the initial stage of startups in Peru and their perception of the probability of success. The startups in Peru are business models that in recent years have taken relevance and therefore the success in them in a new process called scaling. These factors can be evidenced both in the pre-initial stage of the startup and in the development stage in such a way that, some largely that others, prevent the success of these entrepreneurship. As mentioned, various data and opinions of millennials who plan to institute a startup in the future and founders of existing startups will be detailed. In this way, the different perceptions that argue if these factors actually threaten the escalation of startups in the initial stage of these will be identified. / Trabajo de investigación

Sedan de första mobila spelen släpptes har tekniken utvecklats och så kallade exergames, vilka ställer krav på fysisk förflyttning för att avancera blir allt vanligare. År 2016 släpptes mobilspelet Pokémon Go och har, mätt med avkastning och popularitet, dominerat den mobila spelmarknaden. Det har ur ett forskningsperspektiv tagits fram ett flertal modeller där framgångsfaktorer som kännetecknar ett populärt spel för att attrahera användare presenterats. Tidigare studier hävdar dessutom att AR-teknologin, som tillämpas i Pokémon GO, kan främja fysisk aktivitet, kreativitet och utbildning samt introducera nya sätt för social interaktion.Syftet med denna studie är att urskilja vilka framgångsfaktorer Pokémon GO har för att locka samt behålla sina användare. För att besvara studiens frågeställning har en enkätundersökning genomförts där 61 deltagare svarat på frågor rörande deras åsikter om spelet. Resultatet av användarens egna upplevelser och åsikter har analyserats för att sedan dras i parallell med erkända forskningsmodeller.Studiens resultat visar på ett flertal anledningar till att användare lockats till spelet och att de dynamiska egenskaper som implementerats i Pokémon Go återfinns i ett flertal av de forskningsteorier som presenterats i studien. Nyfikenheten för teknologin, nostalgin för spelkonceptet samt den sociala interaktionen med andra spelare är några av dessa för att exemplifiera. Vidare har studien visat att spelet brister i en del egenskaper som forskare, med sina modeller, menat vara väsentliga. Hinder där spelet inte lyckats motivera användaren till att fortsätta spela har exempelvis varit av den karaktär där spelare distraherats, tappat fokus och med detta intresset för att fortsätta spela. / Since the first mobile games were released, the technology has been developed and the so-called exergames that make demands on physical movement to advance are becoming more common. In 2016, the mobile game Pokémon Go was released and has, measured by yield and popularity, dominated the mobile gaming market. From a research perspective, several models have been developed in which success factors required by a popular game to attract users are presented. Previous studies also argue that the augmented reality (AR) technology applied in the Pokémon GO can promote physical activity, creativity and education, and introduce new ways of social interaction.The purpose of this study is to distinguish which success factors Pokémon GO has to attract and retain its users. To do this, a questionnaire survey was conducted in which 61 participants answered questions regarding their views on the game. The result of the user's own experiences and opinions has been analyzed and then drawn in parallel with recognized research models.The study's results show on several grounds that users were attracted to the game and that the dynamic features implemented in Pokémon Go are found in a number of the research theories presented in the study. The curiosity of the technology, the nostalgia for the game concept and the social interaction with other players are some of these to exemplify. Furthermore, the study has shown that the game lacks in some properties that researchers, with their models, mean to be essential. Obstacles where the game failed to motivate the user to continue playing have, for example, been of the character in which players are distracted, lost focus and with this the interest in continuing to play.

Knowledge is a sustainable advantage and knowledge assets can increase value with use. A snowball effect of knowledge advantage advocates effective knowledge management and fosters its continual growth as it flows. Knowledge, however, flows unevenly throughout an organization and the problem is that the fundamental dynamics of these flows are still not well characterized in theoretical and computational models. This study built on existing work—knowledge-flow theory, need knowledge generation, and the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation—to examine the multidimensional knowledge-flow phenomenon in context, and used the case study methodology for knowledge-flow theory building. The research question was two-pronged: how can need knowledge and its flow across stakeholders within an organization be explained using a multidimensional knowledge-flow model and how can Nissen’s five-dimensional knowledge-flow model be validated using a real-life immersion case? The researcher relied on three sources of evidence for this case study: project-related documentation, archival records, and interviews. Data triangulation yielded three results components: (a) a chronology of key events that obstructed knowledge flow, (b) a logic model depicting themes that contributed to knowledge-flow obstruction, and (c) explanations of the knowledge-flow patterns. This case study suggested enabling need knowledge determinants and obstructing conditions are in play that determine the path of need knowledge flow. These two research artifacts should be considered together to provide a fresh research avenue towards better understanding of knowledge flow dynamics.

M. Tech. (Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Faculty of Human Sciences) Vaal University of Technology. / Given that the competition in the tourism industry has intensified worldwide, there is a need for more effective tourism marketing. Tourism marketing lies in designing the marketing strategies and communications appropriate for target markets so that profits can be generated. Through tourism marketing, tourism establishments could also attract more tourists, anticipate and satisfy the existing and potential tourists’ needs and wants. This study therefore, determines the key success factors (KSFs) for marketing of tourism establishments in Lesotho. KSFs are factors that allow tourism establishments to compete effectively and to attract more tourists. The primary objective of this study was to determine the KSFs for marketing of tourism establishments in Lesotho. To achieve the primary objective of this study, two secondary objectives were identified in Chapter1 and achieved in the subsequent chapters. The first objective was to analyse the KSFs for marketing of tourism establishments in by means of an in-depth literature review. This objective was achieved in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. Chapter 2 provided an overview of marketing and the following were discussed: marketing in tourism, characteristics of service marketing in tourism, specific features in services, importance of marketing, description of marketing as a process and a marketing strategy, market as well as the marketing mix. In Chapter 3, various KSFs for marketing tourism establishments were discussed. The second objective was to assess empirically the KSFs for marketing tourism establishments in Lesotho. This objective was met in Chapter 5 by means of descriptive statistics, which included biographic information of the respondents in this study. In addition, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the marketing-related aspects implemented by tourism establishments in Lesotho and to identify the KSFs for marketing tourism establishments in Lesotho. Last but not least this objective was also achieved by making recommendations based on the KSFs for marketing. A quantitative approach was employed for this study. The sampling consisted of two phases: During the first phase, convenience sampling, a non-probability sampling method, were used to identify the regions in Lesotho that formed part of this study and the following regions were selected to be part of the study, namely Maseru, Leribe, Berea and Mafeteng. During the second phase of the sampling, all tourism establishments in the specified regions that appeared on a list provided by the Lesotho Tourism Development Corporation (LTDC) were selected to be part of the study.137 questionnaires were distributed and completed by either the managers or marketers of the establishment between June and July 2017. The questionnaire included sections about biographic profile of tourism establishments in Lesotho that participated in this study, implementation of KSFs, importance of KSFs, questions about establishments’ marketing information and comments or suggestions of the respondents from the following sectors: airline, travel trade, attraction and accommodation. Data were captured and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 (SPSS). The data analysis for this study was done in two phases. Phase 1 included descriptive statistics and Phase 2 consisted of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to summarise data on the KSFs for marketing of tourism establishments in Lesotho. The factor analysis for this study was run with Oblim with Kaiser Normalisation as a rotation method and the principal component analysis as an extraction method for better interpretation of results. The eigenvalues criterion was also used to determine the number of principal components based on the assumption that only eigenvalues greater than 1. The data were tested using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin 0.801(KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and the Bartlett test of sphericity. From the results a total of ten KSFs for marketing of tourism establishments in Lesotho were identified. These include the following: conduct thorough marketing planning, enhance the attractiveness of the tourism establishment, effectively advertise the establishment, ensure the accessibility of the tourism establishment, and perform strategic marketing management to improve tourist satisfaction, conduct marketing research, manage service quality, effectively communicate with staff and tourists, promote the tourism establishment through different marketing mediums and achieve tourist loyalty. All ten factors accounted for 71% of the total variance. It was recommended that the tourism establishments in Lesotho implement these KSFs in order to successfully address the needs and requirements of their target markets. In addition results revealed the KSFs that are implemented by tourism establishments in Lesotho namely: conduct thorough marketing planning, enhance customer relationship through effective communication, advertise the establishment, manage customer satisfaction, manage customer loyalty and monitor business environments. All six factors accounted for 53% of variance. It was also recommended that this research be repeated annually, as the findings would assist tourism managers or marketers of tourism establishments in Lesotho with the KSFs for marketing to better market their tourism products both nationally and globally. This study is of value not only for clear understanding of the KSFs for marketing of tourism establishments but also for improving the profitability and overall success of tourism establishments.

Previous studies highlight the major technological advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and the benefits of introducing artificial intelligence systems in the form of chatbots in, among other things, customer support. They also describe the impact of chatbots on organizations. Artificial intelligence technology provides computers with the ability to display human-like traits, such as reasoning, creativity, learning and planning. The advantages of artificial intelligence-based chatbots can be, for example, improved processes in customer support, reduced costs and less burden on employees regarding monotonous tasks. It is important beforehand, and also during the course of the project, to have a well-functioning operation from an organizational and technical perspective. If there are problems within the business that are not addressed, this can have consequences. It is therefore not only the implementation of the chatbot that should be focused on in order to succeed with the change, but also organizational and technical parts of the business that will very likely be affected by the implementation. About 87% of artificial intelligence system implementation projects fail. This is because several factors relating to the project or to the product implemented have not been taken into account. Therefore, this study investigates the research question: What critical success factors need to be considered when implementing chatbots in customer support? The purpose of this research question is to identify which critical success factors (CSFs) are most necessary for decision makers to be aware of. This is to have better conditions to succeed with the implementation and use of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in customer support. To answer this question, a qualitative study has been carried out in the form of a case study with interviews as a data collection method. Respondents relevant to the research area have been interviewed. In conducting this study, thematic analysis has been used as a data analysis method to identify, analyze and report patterns in the collected data. These have then been used to answer our question. The result generated 3 themes, 15 categories and 45 codes. The categories are divided according to critical success factors from previous studies identified using the codes extracted from the interviews. These critical success factors are in turn divided into three different themes that represent the different characteristic features among the factors, these are organizational, technical and resource factors. The critical success factors that are included in the theme organizational factors are: Lack of benefits visibility, Change management, Organizational culture, Organizational structure, Resistance and Ambiguous strategic vision. In the technical factors: Ethics issues, Insuf icient quantity of data, Integration complexity, Low data quality, Data governance issues, Security and confidentiality and Scalable and flexible system. The theme resource factors include: Selection of vendors and High cost of AI. The conclusion of this study suggests that there are a variety of critical success factors of organizational, technical, and resource-related nature that are important to consider when implementing chatbots in customer support. Those considered to be of the highest priority are the technical factors. Next in line are the organizational factors Organizational culture, Organizational structure and Resistance, followed by the rest of the factors in the same theme. The factors considered to be of the lowest priority are the ones included in the theme resource factors. There are also critical success factors from previous studies, that this study builds upon, that are considered not important enough to take into account. The critical success factors generated in this investigation are discussed regarding how the data extracted has a connection to a certain critical success factor. In the discussion, critical success factors generated are compared with the critical success factors from previous studies. Since this is a case study containing a limited number of respondents, there is of course a likelihood that there are more critical success factors affecting customer support chatbot implementation projects. However, the critical success factors that this study resulted in are considered to be of higher priority and can therefore have the greatest impact on such a project.

This research aims to investigate the challenges and success factors associated with the implementation and maintenance of Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) in organizations. Despite the increasing importance of information security in today's digital age, research shows that organizations continue to struggle with effectively implementing ISMS and maintaining it up to date. The study will explore the various cultural, strategic, tactical, and operational factors that affect the performance of organizational ISMS. The research will provide insight into the challenges and factors contributing to a successful ISMS implementation and maintenance, filling a gap in the existing literature. In this study, the qualitative survey method was utilized as the research strategy, complemented by semi-structured interviews for data collection. A total of 11 interviews were held with Senior Information Security professionals who have experience in implementing and maintaining Information Security Management Systems. Thematic analysis was then employed to analyze the data from the interviews. The study identified 15 themes related to challenges and success factors within implementation and maintenance of ISMS. Four themes related to implementation challenges, four relating to implementation success factors, three to maintenance challenges and four to maintenance success factors. The themes are Misconceptions of Security, Lack of Top Management Support, Resistance to Change, ISMS Design, Communication, Internal Security Culture, Top Management Support, ISMS Design, Resource Constraints, Continuous Administration, Employee Attitudes, Relationships, Ownership, Accessibility and Compliance.

Bakgrunden påvisar att våld mot kvinnor i intima partnerrelationer är ett samhällsproblem som utgör stort lidande för den utsatta kvinnan. Samtidigt medför de traumatiska upplevelserna av våldet och de fysiska skador som ger åverkan på kvinnornas kropp en risk för negativ påverkan på kvinnornas fysiska och psykiska hälsa, något som genererar ett ökat vårdbehov. Det ökade vårdbehovet gör att dessa kvinnor dagligen söker sig till vården där vårdpersonalen har möjlighet att uppmärksamma våldet samt hjälpa dem bort från förövaren. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att beskriva hinder och möjligheter för vårdpersonal att identifiera mäns våld mot kvinnor i intima parrelationer. Metoden som användes för att samla kunskap i ämnet var litteraturöversikt med systematiskt förhållningssätt. Artiklarna söktes systematiskt upp i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycINFO, summan av sökningarna efter kvalitetsgranskning utgjordes av 20 artiklar vilka sedan analyserades tematiskt, författarna bearbetade artiklarna tillsammans och hittade mönster som lade grunden för de tre huvudkategorier som presenterats i resultatet. Resultatet presenterar de huvudkategorierna som analysen lagt grund för och speglar centrala hinder såväl som framgångsfaktorer gällande uppmärksammande av partnerrelaterat våld mot kvinnor i vårdmötet. Huvudkategorierna var: Kommunikation, vårdorganisationen, samt tecken på partnerrelaterat våld mot kvinnor. Huvudkategorierna utgjordes också av underkategorier vilka var: Kommunikativa svårigheter, att närma sig den våldsutsatta kvinnan, organisatoriska hinder, organisatoriska framgångsfaktorer samt vårdpersonalens bristande kunskap gällande identifiering av partnerrelaterat våld, vikten av klinisk blick samt våldstypiska skador. Slutsatsen som framkom ur resultatet påvisade att det föreligger behov av ökat organisatoriskt stöd, starkare samarbete mellan instanser samt stärkt kunskap om partnerrelaterat våld och kommunikativa strategier hos vårdpersonal för att förbättra upptäckten av våldsutsatta kvinnor, något som kan uppnås genom utbildning och tydliga riktlinjer. / The background showed that violence against women in intimate partner relationships is a problem for the society and causes great suffering for the exposed individual, in the meantime the violence has the potential to affect the women’s physical and psychological health in a negative way. The injuries which cause physical harm to the women’s bodies and the traumatic experiences of the violence both affects the women’s mental health and generates a greater need for healthcare. It is in the healthcare encounters with these women that the healthcare personnel have the potential to expose the violence and help the women get away from the offender. The purpose of this study was to describe the barriers and success factors regarding healthcare personnel’s ability to pay attention to women who are victims of domestic violence in the healthcare encounters. As a method to gain knowledge in the subject the authors did a literature rewiev with systematic approach. In search of articles the databases Cinahl, PubMed and PsycINFO were used systematically after rewieving the quality of the articles the searches had generated a total sum of 20. Both the authors then rewieved and analysed the articles using a thematic approach to find the patterns of which grounded the categories that are presented in the result. The result showed three main categories which reflected both central barriers and success factors regarding healthcare personnel’s ability to disclose domestic violence. The main categories were: Communication, the healthcare organization, and signs of domestic abuse towards females. The categories all had subcategories as well which were: Difficulties in communication, how to approach the female victim, organisational barriers, organisational success factors, the healthcare workers lack of knowledge regarding identifying domestic abuse, the importance of clinical view and injuries typical of violence. The study result led to the conclusion that that to further improve the discovery of female victims of domestic abuse there need to be a greater organisational support, stronger cooperation between different establishments as well as strengthened knowledge among healthcare personnel regarding domestic abuse as well as regarding communicative strategies. Which can be achieved through education and strong guidelines.

Although nearly everyone agrees that principals need formal training to prepare for their positions, few agree on what the nature of this training should be. Advanced university education may teach examples of leadership behaviors, but is it likely to transmit the practical knowledge and behaviors that are the hallmarks of successful principals? This study focused on the 13 critical success factors for school leaders as created by the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB, 2002). The purpose of the study was to identify the extent to which these 13 standards have been addressed in formal and informal development training experiences of school principals in Tennessee. Data were collected using an open-ended interview guide while interviewing principals. The findings from this study suggested that the use of scenarios, cohort groups, experienced staff, and using current research were strategies that universities can use to develop a strong principal training program and support effective teaching of the 13 critical success factors. Two university training limitations became evident during the interview process: (a) lack of some type of internship or hands-on programs and (b) not having experienced instructors. In addition, the study's results led to recommendations that the following critical success factors, although they are currently addressed, should be addressed more effectively. Those factors are time organization, current instructional practices, parent involvement, understanding data, use of resources, obtaining support from central office, and increased use of professional development.

Innovation är en viktig del i alla företag då det är ett sätt att differentiera sig, utveckla sig och anpassa sig till de nya omständigheter som ständigt råder. Samtidigt är en innovationsprocess väldigt kostsam och riskfylld vilket gör att det är av stor vikt för företag att minimera risken samt optimera processen. Innovationsprocessen är väldigt komplex och skiljer sig beroende på situation. Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera olika framgångsfaktorer inom innovationsprocessen beroende på olika innovationssituationer. Detta har gjorts genom en fallstudie på ett globalt företag inom processindustrin. Datainsamlingen bestod av tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer med individer med olika ansvarsområden kopplade till innovation i det studerade fallföretaget. Studien identifierade sju olika innovationssituationer, en ny kundorienterad produkt, en ny marknadsorienterad produkt, en kundorienterad förbättring, en marknadsorienterad förbättring, en kundorienterad bevisad funktionalitet, en marknadsorienterad bevisad funktionalitet samt en intern effektivisering. Bidraget från studien är en modell för varje innovationssituation som beskriver de identifierade framgångsfaktorerna inom den specifika innovationssituationen. Överlag visar resultaten att många framgångsfaktorer är gemensamma för marknadsorienterade respektive kundorienterade processer. På samma sätt är andra faktorer gemensamma för många projekt som är nya produkter, förbättringar eller bevisade funktionaliteter. Förslag på fortsatt forskning är att genom kvantitativa studier bekräfta eller dementera de framgångsfaktorer som identifierats i studien.