Adolescence is a critical stage of human development, one that can be especially challenging for teens that are navigating certain vulnerabilities in their identity formation. With the World Health Organization stating that 14% of 10–19 year-olds experience mental health conditions, educational environments are increasingly needed to address mental concerns in their curriculums. This qualitative research project used a combination of art based inquiry and narrative analysis to answer the following question, “How can educational environments promote resilience and positive youth development during adolescent identity exploration?” Findings illuminated several emergent themes that culminated in the following four recommendations for educational environments; 1) Integrate opportunities for creative self-expression in general education spaces, 2) Professional development for educators to integrate Social Emotional Learning (SEL), 3) Create opportunities for social interactions between students and educators, 4) Create and support opportunities for social interactions between students, and 5) Ensure educational spaces include mental health support for students.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CRISTINA GOMES MARQUES DE FARIA.pdf: 632100 bytes, checksum: be1dd5c9ff65b961dc870b478b9250df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / PARTE I: Recent studies show that there was significant growth in the number of suicides among teenagers. Firstly, literature review on the topic was held. Subsequently, we developed an empirical study in a town in Goias, popularly known by the occurrence of suicides . Participated in the empirical study of 371 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years living and studying in the city. Data were collected in two schools, one public and one private. Its objective was to evaluate rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adolescents. According to the data it is observed that the total of 371 adolescents surveyed 321 (86.5 %) reported never having attempted suicide. However, 47 (12.7%) reported having attempted suicide in the past 12 months. Furthermore, while 301 (81.4 %) of teenagers have not submitted suicidal ideation, 67 or 18.2 % reported having thought about suicide. Furthermore, we sought to evaluate the relationship between suicidal ideation and suicide attempt with self-reported behavior problems. The instrument used was the Youth Self Report (YSR) developed by Achenbach (1991). This study showed that as much as suicidal ideation suicide attempts were associated with behavior problems analyzed as anxiety and depression, social isolation and depression, somatic problems, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, aggressive, internalizing and externalizing problems. The present study may be a subsidy to assist in the development of public policy and the health care more geared to this population and the region, in view of the reports of representative bodies from the municipality about the large number of attempts and suicides in the past years. PARTE II: This article aims to evaluate rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adolescents from an inner city of Goiás popularly known by the occurrence of suicides. Furthermore, we sought to evaluate the relationship between suicidal ideation and suicide attempt with self-reported behavior problems. The study included 371 adolescents from two schools, one private and one public. At the time of data collection, participants were attending to the corresponding Secondary School (sixth to ninth year) school years. Their ages ranged from 13 to 18 years old. Of these, 163 or 43.9% were boys and 208 or 56.1 % were girls. The data indicate that the total of 371 adolescents surveyed 321 (86.5 %) reported never having attempted suicide. However, 47 (12.7%) reported having attempted suicide in the past 12 months. Moreover, while 301 (81.4 %) of teenagers have not submitted suicidal ideation, 67 or 18.2% reported having thought about suicide. Teens who think suicide attempt do so in the next 6 months. A significant relationship between suicidal ideation and suicide attempt with behavior problems analyzed . / PARTE I: Estudos recentes demonstram que houve um crescimento significativo no número de suicídios entre Adolescentes. Em um primeiro momento, foi realizada revisão teórica sobre o tema. Posteriormente, foi desenvolvido um estudo empírico em uma cidade do interior de Goiás, popularmente conhecido pela ocorrência de suicídios. Participaram do estudo empírico 371 adolescentes com faixa etária entre 12 e 18 anos que residem e estudam no município. Os dados foram coletados em duas escolas, uma pública e outra particular. Seu objetivo foi avaliar os índices de ideação e tentativa de suicídio dos adolescentes. De acordo com os dados observa-se que do total dos 371 adolescentes pesquisados 321 (86,5%) relataram nunca haver tentado suicídio. Contudo, 47 (12,7%) relataram haver tentado suicídio nos últimos 12 meses. Além disso, embora 301 (81,4%) dos adolescentes não tenham apresentado ideação suicida, 67 ou 18,2% relataram haver pensado em suicidar. Além disso, buscou-se avaliar a relação entre ideação e tentativa de suicídio com o autorrelato de problemas de comportamento. O instrumento utilizado foi o Youth Self Report (YSR) desenvolvido por Achenbach (1991). Este estudo mostrou que, tanto a ideação suicida quanto tentativas de suicídio tiveram relação com os problemas de comportamento analisados como: ansiedade e depressão, isolamento social e depressão, problemas somáticos, problemas sociais, problemas de pensamento, problemas de atenção, quebrar regras, comportamento agressivo, problemas internalizantes e externalizantes. O presente estudo pode ser um subsídio para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e de atenção a saúde mais voltadas a esta população e à região, tendo em vista os relatos de entidades representativas do município estudado acerca do grande número de tentativas e suicídios ocorridos nos últimos anos. PARTE II: Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar os índices de ideação e tentativa de suicídio em adolescentes de uma cidade do interior de Goiás popularmente conhecida pela ocorrência de suicídios. Além disso, buscou avaliar a relação entre ideação e tentativa de suicídio com o autorrelato de problemas de comportamento. Participaram deste estudo 371 adolescentes provenientes de duas escolas, sendo uma pública e a outra particular. No momento da coleta de dados, os participantes cursavam os anos escolares correspondentes ao Ensino Fundamental II (sexto ao nono ano). As idades variaram de 13 a 18 anos de idade. Destes, 163 ou 43,9% eram meninos e 208 ou 56,1% eram meninas. Os dados indicam que do total dos 371 adolescentes pesquisados 321 (86,5%) relataram nunca haver tentado suicídio. Contudo, 47 (12,7%) relataram haver tentado suicídio nos últimos 12 meses. Além disso, embora 301 (81,4%) dos adolescentes não tenham apresentado ideação suicida, 67 ou 18,2% relataram haver pensado em suicidar. Adolescentes que pensam em suicídio tentam fazê-lo nos próximos 6 meses. Observouse relação significativa entre ideação e tentativa de suicídio com os problemas de comportamento analisados.

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as repercussões da violência por parceiro íntimo, ocorrida durante a atual gestação, na saúde mental de mulheres usuárias de um serviço de atendimento pré- natal. Trata-se de estudo observacional, com delineamento transversal, desenvolvido no Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil, com 358 gestantes, em acompanhamento pré-natal no serviço, entre maio de 2012 e maio de 2013. A coleta dos dados aconteceu no dia da primeira consulta de pré-natal das gestantes no serviço, por meio de sete instrumentos: i. instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica, econômica e comportamental; ii. instrumento de caracterização obstétrica; iii. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; iv. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version; v. Escala de Ideação Suicida de Beck; vi. Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado; vii. Instrumento de identificação e caracterização da violência. Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão 21.0. Utilizamos as análises univariada, bivariada e multivariada dos dados, por meio da distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade, os testes estatísticos Qui- quadrado e Teste t, razões de prevalência, razões de chances de prevalência, regressão logística múltipla e regressão linear múltipla. No momento da coleta dos dados, as participantes tinham, em média, 25 anos de idade e 9,5 anos de escolaridade formal. A maioria considerou-se não branca, era solteira, coabitava com o parceiro íntimo, possuía alguma religião, não exercia atividade remunerada e possuía renda familiar mensal média de 2,6 salários-mínimos, sendo o parceiro o principal provedor da família. A maioria não fumou, não consumiu bebidas alcoólicas e não fez uso de drogas ilícitas, durante a atual gestação. A amostra caracterizou-se por mulheres multigestas e nulíparas que, em sua maioria, possuíam filhos vivos e não haviam abortado. A prevalência da violência por parceiro íntimo, durante a atual gestação, foi de 17,6%. As prevalências dos indicativos das presenças de transtorno depressivo, do diagnóstico de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e de ideação suicida foram de 28,2%, 17,0% e 7,8%, respectivamente. Os escores médios das gestantes nas escalas ansiedade-traço e ansiedade- estado foram de 39,1 e 42,5 pontos, respectivamente. Após se ajustar aos modelos de regressão logística múltipla, a violência por parceiro íntimo, durante a gestação, associou-se com o indicativo da presença de transtorno depressivo, com o indicativo do diagnóstico de transtorno de estresse pós- traumático e com o indicativo da presença de ideação suicida. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla ajustados evidenciaram que as mulheres em situação de violência por parceiro íntimo, na atual gestação, apresentaram maiores escores dos sintomas de ansiedade-traço e estado do que aquelas que não sofreram esse tipo de violência. Portanto, reconhecer a violência como um fator de risco clinicamente relevante e identificável para a ocorrência de transtornos mentais, durante a gestação, pode ser um primeiro passo na prevenção destes problemas. Idealmente, as respostas devem incluir os setores da saúde, assistência social e justiça, no sentido de cumprir a obrigação do Estado para eliminar a violência contra a mulher / The objective of this study was to verify the repercussions of violence by the intimate partner during the present pregnancy on the mental health of women users of a prenatal care service. This is an observational study, performed with a cross-sectional design, at the Reference Center for Women\'s Health of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, with 358 pregnant women following prenatal care at the referred service between May 2012 and May 2013. Data collection was performed on the day of the women\'s first prenatal appointment at the service, using seven instruments: i. instrument for sociodemographic, economic and behavioral characteristics; ii. instrument for obstetrical characteristics; iii. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; iv. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version; v. Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation; vi. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; vii. instrument for violence identification and characterization. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21.0. Furthermore, univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses of the data were performed, by absolute and relative frequency distribution, central and variability tendency measures, the Chi-square and T-Test statistical tests, prevalence ratio, prevalence odds ratio, multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression. At the moment of data collection, the participants\' mean age was 25 years, and they had a mean of 9.5 years of formal education. Most women reported having the following characteristics: skin color different from white; single; living with the intimate partner; having some kind of religion; unemployed; mean monthly family income of 2.6 Brazilian minimum wages; partner was the breadwinner. Most reported not having smoked, consumed alcohol or any illicit drugs during the present pregnancy. Moreover, the sample was characterized by multiparous and nulliparous women, most of whom had living children and without a history of miscarriages. The prevalence rate for intimate partner violence during the present pregnancy was 17.6%. The prevalence rates of probable antenatal depression, probable antenatal post-traumatic stress disorder and probable antenatal suicidal ideation were 28.2%, 17.0% and 7.8%, respectively. The women\'s mean scores on the trait-anxiety and state-anxiety scales were 39.1 and 42.5, respectively. After adjustment using multiple logistic regression models, associations were found between intimate partner violence during the pregnancy and probable antenatal depression, probable antenatal post-traumatic stress disorder and probable antenatal suicidal ideation. The adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that women victims of intimate partner violence in the present pregnancy had higher scores for trait-anxiety and state-anxiety symptoms compared to those who did not endure this type of violence. Therefore, recognizing violence as a clinically relevant and identifiable risk factor for the occurrence of mental disorders during pregnancy may be a first step to prevent these problems. Ideally, the answers should include the health, social work and justice domains so as to meet the duty of the Brazilian State of eliminating the violence against women

Both substance abuse and suicidal behavior are global public health concerns. Much of the progress made in addressing problematic substance use and suicidal ideation and behavior stems from the notion of alleviating pathological factors. Positive psychological characteristics, such as forgiveness, have received much less attention from empirical investigators. We review the extant literature pertaining to the value and role of forgiveness as an effective resource for clinicians when treating individuals struggling with substance abuse and suicidal behavior. We discuss relevant theory and research (i.e., definitions, processes, and linkages) regarding similarities in models of forgiveness, substance abuse, and suicidal behavior and conclude with an overview of various means of using the process of forgiveness as a positive psychotherapy; whether through stand-alone forgiveness interventions, infusion with Twelve-Step Facilitation Therapy, or application through acceptance-based treatment modalities. In sum, forgiveness may be an important factor in the facilitation of change in the difficult often existangst-derived struggles (i.e., emotionally and philosophically driven psychological distress) inherent to substance abuse and suicidal behavior.

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as repercussões da violência por parceiro íntimo, ocorrida durante a atual gestação, na saúde mental de mulheres usuárias de um serviço de atendimento pré- natal. Trata-se de estudo observacional, com delineamento transversal, desenvolvido no Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil, com 358 gestantes, em acompanhamento pré-natal no serviço, entre maio de 2012 e maio de 2013. A coleta dos dados aconteceu no dia da primeira consulta de pré-natal das gestantes no serviço, por meio de sete instrumentos: i. instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica, econômica e comportamental; ii. instrumento de caracterização obstétrica; iii. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; iv. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version; v. Escala de Ideação Suicida de Beck; vi. Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado; vii. Instrumento de identificação e caracterização da violência. Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão 21.0. Utilizamos as análises univariada, bivariada e multivariada dos dados, por meio da distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade, os testes estatísticos Qui- quadrado e Teste t, razões de prevalência, razões de chances de prevalência, regressão logística múltipla e regressão linear múltipla. No momento da coleta dos dados, as participantes tinham, em média, 25 anos de idade e 9,5 anos de escolaridade formal. A maioria considerou-se não branca, era solteira, coabitava com o parceiro íntimo, possuía alguma religião, não exercia atividade remunerada e possuía renda familiar mensal média de 2,6 salários-mínimos, sendo o parceiro o principal provedor da família. A maioria não fumou, não consumiu bebidas alcoólicas e não fez uso de drogas ilícitas, durante a atual gestação. A amostra caracterizou-se por mulheres multigestas e nulíparas que, em sua maioria, possuíam filhos vivos e não haviam abortado. A prevalência da violência por parceiro íntimo, durante a atual gestação, foi de 17,6%. As prevalências dos indicativos das presenças de transtorno depressivo, do diagnóstico de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e de ideação suicida foram de 28,2%, 17,0% e 7,8%, respectivamente. Os escores médios das gestantes nas escalas ansiedade-traço e ansiedade- estado foram de 39,1 e 42,5 pontos, respectivamente. Após se ajustar aos modelos de regressão logística múltipla, a violência por parceiro íntimo, durante a gestação, associou-se com o indicativo da presença de transtorno depressivo, com o indicativo do diagnóstico de transtorno de estresse pós- traumático e com o indicativo da presença de ideação suicida. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla ajustados evidenciaram que as mulheres em situação de violência por parceiro íntimo, na atual gestação, apresentaram maiores escores dos sintomas de ansiedade-traço e estado do que aquelas que não sofreram esse tipo de violência. Portanto, reconhecer a violência como um fator de risco clinicamente relevante e identificável para a ocorrência de transtornos mentais, durante a gestação, pode ser um primeiro passo na prevenção destes problemas. Idealmente, as respostas devem incluir os setores da saúde, assistência social e justiça, no sentido de cumprir a obrigação do Estado para eliminar a violência contra a mulher / The objective of this study was to verify the repercussions of violence by the intimate partner during the present pregnancy on the mental health of women users of a prenatal care service. This is an observational study, performed with a cross-sectional design, at the Reference Center for Women\'s Health of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, with 358 pregnant women following prenatal care at the referred service between May 2012 and May 2013. Data collection was performed on the day of the women\'s first prenatal appointment at the service, using seven instruments: i. instrument for sociodemographic, economic and behavioral characteristics; ii. instrument for obstetrical characteristics; iii. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; iv. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version; v. Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation; vi. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; vii. instrument for violence identification and characterization. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21.0. Furthermore, univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses of the data were performed, by absolute and relative frequency distribution, central and variability tendency measures, the Chi-square and T-Test statistical tests, prevalence ratio, prevalence odds ratio, multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression. At the moment of data collection, the participants\' mean age was 25 years, and they had a mean of 9.5 years of formal education. Most women reported having the following characteristics: skin color different from white; single; living with the intimate partner; having some kind of religion; unemployed; mean monthly family income of 2.6 Brazilian minimum wages; partner was the breadwinner. Most reported not having smoked, consumed alcohol or any illicit drugs during the present pregnancy. Moreover, the sample was characterized by multiparous and nulliparous women, most of whom had living children and without a history of miscarriages. The prevalence rate for intimate partner violence during the present pregnancy was 17.6%. The prevalence rates of probable antenatal depression, probable antenatal post-traumatic stress disorder and probable antenatal suicidal ideation were 28.2%, 17.0% and 7.8%, respectively. The women\'s mean scores on the trait-anxiety and state-anxiety scales were 39.1 and 42.5, respectively. After adjustment using multiple logistic regression models, associations were found between intimate partner violence during the pregnancy and probable antenatal depression, probable antenatal post-traumatic stress disorder and probable antenatal suicidal ideation. The adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that women victims of intimate partner violence in the present pregnancy had higher scores for trait-anxiety and state-anxiety symptoms compared to those who did not endure this type of violence. Therefore, recognizing violence as a clinically relevant and identifiable risk factor for the occurrence of mental disorders during pregnancy may be a first step to prevent these problems. Ideally, the answers should include the health, social work and justice domains so as to meet the duty of the Brazilian State of eliminating the violence against women

No description available.

We sought to examine the concordance of two suicidal ideation items from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), to evaluate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among pregnant women, and to assess the co-occurrence of suicidal ideation with antepartum depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,517 pregnant women attending prenatal care clinics in Lima, Peru. Item 9 of the PHQ-9 assesses suicidal ideation over the last 14 days while item 10 of the EPDS assesses suicidal ideation in the past 7 days. The two suicidal ideation items have a high concordance rate (84.2 %) but a moderate agreement (the Cohen's kappa = 0.42). Based on the PHQ-9 and the EPDS, 15.8 and 8.8 % of participants screened positive for suicidal ideation, respectively. Assessed by the PHQ-9, 51 % of participants with suicidal ideation had probable depression. In prenatal care clinics, screening for suicidal ideation is needed for women with and without depressive symptoms. Future studies are needed to identify additional predictors of antepartum suicidality, determine the appropriate duration of reporting period for suicidal ideation screening, and assess the percentage of individuals with positive responses to the two suicidal ideation items at high risk of planning and attempting suicide. / This research was supported by an award from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD-059835). The NIH had no further role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The authors wish to thank the dedicated staff members of Asociacion Civil Proyectos en Salud (PROESA), Peru and Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal, Peru for their expert technical assistance with this research. The authors would like to thank Kathy Brenner for her help with revising this manuscript. / Revisión por pares

Introduction : Chaque année, 703 000 personnes décèdent par suicide à travers le monde et une proportion encore plus importante de personnes pensent au suicide ou font une tentative de suicide. L’étude des facteurs associés aux idées et aux comportements suicidaires vise à améliorer notre compréhension de cette problématique pour mieux cibler les personnes à risque, mieux les soutenir et, ultimement, diminuer les taux de décès par suicide. Les troubles psychotiques sont associés à une vulnérabilité accrue au suicide, particulièrement dans les premières années suivant l’émergence de la psychose, c’est-à-dire lors du premier épisode psychotique (PEP). L’objectif général de la thèse est de mieux comprendre l’évolution des idées suicidaires et des comportements suicidaires ainsi que les facteurs qui y sont associés chez les personnes présentant un PEP. Méthode : Trois études ont été réalisées. La première est une recension systématique des écrits réalisée en accord avec les critères PRISMA. Les études longitudinales portant sur la prévalence et les facteurs associés aux idées et aux comportements suicidaires chez les personnes présentant un PEP ont été répertoriées à partir de cinq banques de données et des références bibliographiques des articles pertinents. Le tri des articles, l’extraction des données ainsi que l’évaluation de la qualité des articles ont été réalisés par deux codeurs indépendants. La deuxième étude a identifié les trajectoires des idées suicidaires sur une période de cinq ans et la distribution des tentatives de suicide à travers ces trajectoires chez les patients présentant un PEP, admis entre 2005 et 2013, dans deux services d’intervention précoce pour la psychose à Montréal, Québec. Les données sur les idées suicidaires, les tentatives de suicide, les décès par suicide, et les facteurs potentiellement associés ont été évalués annuellement pendant cinq ans par des entrevues de recherche, la révision des dossiers médicaux et les rapports du coroner. Des analyses de trajectoires latentes ont été réalisées. Enfin, le troisième article a comparé l’évolution des idées et des comportements suicidaires dans des services d’intervention précoce pour la psychose, structurés de façon similaire, dans deux contextes socioculturels différents, soit à Montréal, au Canada et à Chennai, en Inde. Les données sur les idées et les comportements suicidaires ainsi que sur les facteurs potentiellement associés ont été colligées à sept temps de mesure sur une période de deux ans par des entrevues de recherche, des questionnaires standardisés ainsi qu’une révision des dossiers médicaux. Pour chacun des sites, les facteurs associés à la présence et à la sévérité des idées et des comportements suicidaires ont été comparés à l’admission avec un modèle en deux parties de type « hurdle » (modèle linéaire généralisé pour une distribution binomiale et un second modèle de régression logistique pour variable ordinale). L’évolution des idées et des comportements suicidaires a été comparée entre les sites avec un modèle à effets mixtes pour réponse ordinale. Résultats : La recension des écrits comprend 17 articles, réalisés dans des pays à haut revenu, et révèle que près du tiers des patients présentant un PEP rapporte avoir eu des idées suicidaires et fait une tentative de suicide avant leur admission dans les services d’intervention précoce pour la psychose. En général, une diminution des idées suicidaires et des comportements suicidaires a été observée pendant le suivi. Les symptômes dépressifs ainsi les antécédents d’idées et de comportements suicidaires ont été associés à un plus grand risque de comportements suicidaires. Les services d’intervention précoce pour la psychose ont plutôt été associés à un moindre risque de décès par suicide. La deuxième étude, incluant 382 patients, a démontré l’hétérogénéité de l’évolution des idées suicidaires chez les personnes présentant un PEP en identifiant trois trajectoires distinctes : Une première trajectoire caractérisée par un risque faible et décroissant de présenter des idées suicidaires (85.1%), une seconde marquée par un déclin précoce des idées suicidaires suivi d’une augmentation en fin de suivi à la clinique PEP (7.8%), ainsi qu’une troisième trajectoire caractérisée par une persistance des idées suicidaires au cours des cinq années de suivi (7.1%). Alors que les antécédents d’idées suicidaires et le trouble d’usage de cocaïne ont été associés à la seconde trajectoire, les antécédents d’idées suicidaires et de tentatives de suicide ainsi que le trouble d’usage d’alcool ont été associés à la troisième trajectoire. La troisième étude, incluant 333 patients (165 à Montréal, 168 à Chennai), a révélé une diminution des idées et des comportements suicidaires dans les deux sites au cours du suivi, avec toutefois un risque suicidaire plus élevé tout au long du suivi pour les patients suivis à Montréal. Certains facteurs ont été associés à un plus grand risque d’idées et de comportements suicidaires dans les deux contextes (comme la dépression et les antécédents de tentatives de suicide) alors que certains facteurs étaient plutôt spécifiques au contexte (comme le statut relationnel et le genre). Conclusion : Les trois manuscrits soutiennent que la prévalence des idées suicidaires et des comportements suicidaires est élevée chez les personnes présentant un PEP, quel que soit le milieu ou le contexte socioculturel. Les résultats plaident en faveur de la détection précoce de la psychose afin d’évaluer le risque suicidaire et intervenir rapidement auprès des personnes vivant un PEP puisque les taux d’idées et de comportements suicidaires sont particulièrement élevés avant l’entrée dans les services et au début du suivi. Une évaluation continue du risque suicidaire est nécessaire jusqu’à la toute fin du suivi pour soutenir les différents sous-groupes de patients, dont ceux plus à risque de présenter des idées suicidaires croissantes ou persistantes. Les personnes présentant des symptômes dépressifs, des antécédents d’idées et de tentatives de suicide ainsi qu’un trouble de l’usage de substances devraient être ciblées pour bénéficier d’interventions visant à prévenir le suicide, et ce, dès le début du suivi. Enfin, la thèse a permis de mieux comprendre l’évolution des idées et des comportements suicidaires chez les personnes présentant un PEP et d’identifier différentes avenues de recherches futures. / Introduction: Every year, 703,000 persons die by suicide worldwide and an even greater proportion of people think of or attempt suicide. Studying factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours aims to improve our understanding of this issue to better target and support those at risk and ultimately decrease rates of suicide deaths. Psychotic disorders are associated with an increased vulnerability to suicide, particularly in the first years following psychosis onset, i.e., during first-episode psychosis (FEP). The overall goal of the dissertation is to better understand the course of suicidal thoughts and behaviours and the factors associated therewith in persons with FEP. Method: Three studies were conducted. The first was a systematic review in compliance with PRISMA guidelines. Longitudinal studies on the prevalence of and factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours in FEP were identified from five databases and reference lists of relevant articles. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of selected studies were performed by two independent reviewers. The second study identified trajectories of suicidal ideation over a five-year period and the distribution of suicide attempts across these trajectories in patients with FEP admitted between 2005 and 2013 to two early intervention services for psychosis in Montreal, Quebec. Data on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide deaths, and potentially associated factors were assessed annually for five years through research interviews, medical records review, and coroners' reports. Latent trajectory analyses were performed. Finally, the third study compared the course of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in similarly structured early intervention services for psychosis in two different sociocultural contexts, Montreal, Canada and Chennai, India. Data on suicidal thoughts and behaviours and potentially associated factors were collected at seven time points over two years through research interviews, standardized questionnaires, and medical records review. For each site, factors associated with presence and severity of suicidal thoughts and behaviours were compared at admission with a two-part hurdle model (generalized linear model for a binomial distribution and a second ordered logistic regression model). Course of suicidal thoughts and behaviours was compared between sites with a mixed-effects ordered logistic regression. Results: The systematic review included 17 articles from high-income countries and found that nearly one third of patients with FEP reported suicidal ideation and attempts prior to admission to early intervention services for psychosis. In general, a decrease in suicidal thoughts and behaviours was observed during follow-up. Depressive symptoms and a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviours were associated with a greater risk of suicidal behaviours. Early intervention services for psychosis were rather associated with a lower risk of death by suicide. The second study, including 382 patients, showed heterogeneity in the evolution of suicidal ideation in persons with FEP by identifying three distinct trajectories: a first trajectory characterized by a low and decreasing risk of presenting suicidal ideation (85.1%), a second trajectory marked by an early decline in suicidal ideation followed by an increase at the end of follow-up (7.8%), and a third trajectory characterized by persistence of suicidal ideation during the five-year follow-up (7.1%) While history of suicidal ideation and cocaine use disorder were associated with the second trajectory, history of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and alcohol use disorder were associated with the third trajectory. The third study, including 333 patients (165 in Montreal, 168 in Chennai), found a decrease in suicidal thoughts and behaviours over follow-up in both sites, although the risk was higher throughout follow-up for Montreal patients. Some factors were associated with a higher risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours across contexts (e.g., depression and history of suicide attempts), while some factors were rather context-specific (e.g., relationship status and gender). Conclusion: The three manuscripts support that the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours is high among persons with FEP, regardless of sociocultural context or setting. The results argue for early detection of psychosis to assess suicidal risk and intervene promptly with individuals with FEP, as rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviours are particularly high prior to service entry and at the beginning of follow-up. Ongoing assessment of suicidal risk is needed until the very end of follow-up to support different subgroups of patients, including those at higher risk of developing increasing or persistent suicidal ideation. Individuals with depressive symptoms, a history of suicide ideation and attempts, and a substance use disorder should be targeted for suicide-focused interventions early in follow-up. Finally, the dissertation provided a better understanding of the course of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in persons with FEP and allowed for the identification of different areas for future research.

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Les études mettent en évidence des problèmes de santé psychologique chez les professionnels de la santé. Par contre, les facteurs permettant d’expliquer ces difficultés sont peu connus (p. ex., Cohen & Patten, 2005). Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier les déterminants de la santé psychologique des professionnels de la santé en se basant sur une théorie validée empiriquement. À cette fin, la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000) est utilisée comme cadre conceptuel et le soutien à l’autonomie (Black & Deci, 2000; Grolnick & Ryan, 1989) est proposé comme déterminant principal de la santé psychologique. Le premier article consiste en une recension des conséquences et corrélats associés au soutien à l’autonomie dans divers domaines de vie. Le deuxième article a pour objectif de tester un modèle prédictif de la santé psychologique auprès de médecins résidents. Le modèle propose que la concordance des tâches (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) et la conscience de soi (Goldman & Kernis, 2002) sont deux sources distinctes d’autonomie qui prédisent de façon indépendante la santé psychologique. De plus, le soutien à l’autonomie de la part des superviseurs est suggéré comme étant un déterminant important de la concordance des tâches et de la conscience de soi. Au total, 333 médecins résidents de la province de Québec (Canada) ont rempli un questionnaire comportant différentes mesures. Des analyses par équations structurelles révèlent une excellente adéquation du modèle. Le troisième article examine l’influence du soutien à l’autonomie des collègues sur la satisfaction au travail ainsi que sur la santé psychologique des professionnels de la santé. Au total, 597 jeunes professionnels de la santé ont rempli un questionnaire incluant diverses mesures. Les résultats confirment que le soutien à l’autonomie perçu de la part des collègues prédit la santé psychologique et la satisfaction au travail. De plus, des régressions hiérarchiques démontrent que le soutien à l’autonomie des collègues contribue à la prédiction de la satisfaction au travail, du bien-être subjectif et des idéations suicidaires au-delà de ce qui est prédit par le soutien à l’autonomie des superviseurs. Les implications théoriques et pratiques de ces recherches sont discutées. / Past studies have revealed psychological health problems among health professionals, but less is known about the factors that may explain these difficulties (e.g., Cohen & Patten, 2005). The goal of this dissertation is to examine the antecedents of health professionals’ psychological health based on an empirically validated theory. To this end, self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000) is used as a conceptual framework and autonomy support (Black & Deci, 2000; Grolnick & Ryan, 1989) is proposed as a principal predictor of psychological health. The first article is a literature review of the consequences and correlates of autonomy support in various life domains. The second article aims at testing a predictive model of medical residents’ psychological health. Tasks self-concordance (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) and self-awareness (Goldman & Kernis, 2002) are hypothesized to be two different pathways toward autonomy that should independently predict psychological health. The model further posits that perceived supervisors’ autonomy support should be an important determinant of both tasks self-concordance and self-awareness. A total of 333 medical residents from the province of Quebec (Canada) completed a questionnaire, which included various measures. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed an excellent model fit. The third article explores the contribution of colleagues’ autonomy support in the prediction of health professionals’ work satisfaction and psychological health. A total of 597 young health professionals from the province of Quebec (Canada) completed a questionnaire, which included different measures. Results confirmed that colleagues’ autonomy support predicts work satisfaction and psychological health. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analyses showed that colleagues’ autonomy support adds to the prediction of health professionals’ work satisfaction, subjective well-being, and suicidal ideation above and beyond supervisors’ autonomy support. The theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.