Suicide is among the leading cause of adolescent deaths worldwide and thus a significant public health concern. Risk factors for suicidal behavior include drinking alcohol, smoking, and engaging in risky sexual behaviors. One area of concern is dietary patterns and their association with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes the assumption that one can perform specific actions to bring about desired outcomes. The primary research questions for this quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional study concerned whether there is a statistically significant interaction between fruit and vegetable intake and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts. Data from 71,776 adolescents in the Centers for Disease Control's Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey were analyzed using complex samples binominal logistic regression. The dependent variable was suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, and the independent variable was intake of fruits and vegetables. Suicidal ideation was significantly, positively correlated with fruit and vegetable intake. Even after controlling for age, sex, race, and depression, there was a significant, positive correlation with fruit and vegetable intake. Suicide attempt was significantly, positively correlated with fruit and vegetable intake even after controlling for age, sex, race, and depression. Although the results of this study were contrary to previous findings, these results do support the claim that sugary foods and fast foods have a dopaminergic 'reward effect'. The findings may foster positive social change by identifying the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts in adolescents.

Introduction: Suicidal behaviour still cannot be sufficiently predicted. Exposure to suicidal behaviour in the personal social environment is assumed to moderate the individual's transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behaviour within the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour (IMV model). This study aimed to investigate this moderating effect in a German high-risk sample. Methods: We interviewed 308 psychiatric inpatients (53% female) aged 18 to 81 years (M = 36.9, SD = 14.30) admitted after attempted suicide (53%) or due to an acute suicidal crisis (47%) regarding exposure events in their social environment. Four types of exposure events were analysed using moderation analyses: familial suicides/suicide attempts and non-familial suicides/suicide attempts. Additionally, the numbers of reported exposure events were compared between patients with and without a recent suicide attempt as well as between patients with lifetime suicide attempts and lifetime suicidal ideation. Results: Neither moderating effects of exposure events on the relationship between lifetime suicidal ideation and recent suicidal behaviour nor group differences between suicidal ideators and suicide attempters regarding the exposure events were found. Conclusions: Exposure events might have differential and possibly protective effects on suicidal behaviour-depending on type and quality (intensity, personal relevance and recency) of event-and on the outcome (suicide vs. suicide attempt).

No description available.

Previous research provided preliminary support of a potential reinforcing effect of suicidal ideation demonstrating reduced negative affect and increased positive affect after thinking about suicide. The present study therefore sought to investigate the role of mood and affect as a proximal risk factor of suicidal ideation in a high-risk sample. Seventy-four psychiatric inpatients (72% female) with unipolar depression and current and/or lifetime suicidal ideation aged 18 to 85 years (M = 37.6, SD = 14.3) took part in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over 6 days. Multilevel analyses were calculated. Analyses revealed negative valence of mood and low positive affect to be predictors of subsequent intensity of suicidal ideation (active, passive) as well as predictors of change in suicidal ideation (active, passive) since the last measurement. High negative affect only predicted intensity of passive suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation (active, passive) was prospectively associated with subsequent negative valence of mood and lower positive affect as well as with higher intensity of negative affect. Suicidal ideation (active, passive) also predicted the change in valence of mood, positive affect and negative affect since the last measurement. Mood and affect should be taken into account as important proximal risk factors of active and passive suicidal ideation. The results do not support the idea of a reinforcing effect of suicidal ideation. In fact, they show a pattern of reduced subsequent positive affect, negative valence of mood and increased negative affect. Replication studies with larger samples and longer EMA follow-ups are needed

No description available.

Student Number : 7820500 - MA research report - School of Psychology - Faculty of Humanities / Internationally, suicide is highly prevalent among adolescents and young adults, and South African data suggest that suicide is a serious problem that is increasingly affecting the Black population and young men in particular. This study aimed firstly to investigate the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among young adults, and, in a sample of 85 young people (aged 19-30), one in seven had previously attempted suicide, and almost one in three had recently thought about killing themselves. Sociological research has shown that religion has a predominantly protective effect with regard to suicide, however psychological research, while providing evidence for a similar relationship, has also shown that religious strain may contribute to suicidality. This study sought to establish whether a relationship exists between suicidal ideation (and positive ideation), and various indicators of religiosity. Unexpectedly, given the research trends, suicidal ideation was significantly positively associated with self-reported religious salience (r = .297, p = .006), and with the collaborative/deferring religious coping style (r = .301, p = .005), characterized by higher levels of religiosity. Suicidal ideation was significantly negatively associated with the self-directing style (r = -.331, p = .002), favoured by less religious participants. Positive ideation was unrelated to religious salience, participation, and both religious coping approaches. Various explanations were proposed for these results. Cognition is a central pathway for suicidality, and insecure religious attachment, when triggered by stressors, may set in motion a cognitive process involving negative religious attributions and harmful religious coping strategies – typical symptoms of religious strain which has been associated with suicidal behaviour. Maladaptive religious beliefs and behaviours may also have a negative impact on depression, hopelessness and helplessness, all vulnerability factors for suicidal behaviour in young people. It is also possible that, when faced by life challenges that exceed coping capacity, individuals may be more likely to turn to God, while simultaneously experiencing hopelessness, depression and suicidal ideation. Finally, the gender skew in the sample may have resulted in the high levels of suicidal behaviour and religiosity, and the positive relationship between them. Vulnerability to suicidal behaviour in young adults is a multifaceted problem, and religion, itself a multidimensional concept, is one of many factors that may provide protection against or contribute to suicidal behaviour. In order to understand the complex problem of vulnerability to suicidal behaviour in young adults, there is a need for further multivariate research.

INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno Bipolar (TB) é um transtorno psiquiátrico crônico e debilitante e sua etiologia e patologia ainda não são completamente conhecidos, apesar de um componente genético importante ser evidenciado em estudos de família, adoção e gêmeos. Recentemente, o TB tem sido relacionado a um processo de envelhecimento acelerado, com alguns estudos mostrando telômeros encurtados nesta população. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre o comprimento telomérico, um dos parâmetros do processo de envelhecimento celular, com a ausência ou presença de TB em famílias com muitos membros afetados, além de associar a sintomatologia clínica e outras variáveis a esse parâmetro. Procurou-se também avaliar as influências genéticas e ambientais sobre o comprimento telomérico nessas famílias, estimando-se a herdabilidade desta característica. MÉTODOS: O comprimento telomérico (T) foi mensurado em uma amostra de 143 indivíduos de 22 famílias (60 deles com TB), em relação a um gene de cópia única (S) - beta-globina, através do método de PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) em tempo real quantitativo, no qual forneceu uma proporção do número de cópias de T por S (razão T/S). Considerando a estrutura familiar na análise estatística foi ajustado para cada análise o modelo misto poligênico. RESULTADOS: O efeito do TB no comprimento dos telômeros foi pequeno, não tendo sido observada uma associação estatisticamente significante entre TB e comprimento telomérico quando comparado com familiares saudáveis (p > 0,05). No entanto, observou-se associação do comprimento telomérico à covariável ideação suicida (p = 0,02) e à interação entre ideação suicida e curso da doença (p = 0,02). Associação do comprimento telomérico com idade materna e TB também foi observada (p < 0,05). Por fim, estimou-se em 68% a herdabilidade do comprimento telomérico nas 22 famílias do estudo. CONCLUSÕES: A teoria do envelhecimento acelerado em TB, vista pela óptica do comprimento dos telômeros, não pôde ser confirmada no presente estudo, pois não foi encontrada diferença no comprimento telomérico entre indivíduos saudáveis e com TB nas famílias. Por outro lado, covariáveis que indicam gravidade da doença, como a ideação suicida e a interação entre ideação suicida e curso da doença foram associadas ao comprimento telomérico (p < 0,05), ou seja, um encurtamento telomérico foi correlacionado à gravidade clínica do TB. Associação do comprimento telomérico com idade materna e TB (p < 0,05) sugeriu que a idade materna avançada não só pode ser um marcador de longevidade, como também o fenótipo TB pareceu reforçar essa condição. Por fim, a alta herdabilidade estimada do comprimento telomérico (0,68) revelou uma importante variabilidade genética desse fenótipo entre as famílias do estudo. Em súmula, este é o primeiro estudo que relatou uma associação entre ideação suicida, curso da doença, idade materna e comprimento telomérico em famílias com vários membros afetados pelo TB. Outras investigações independentes são necessárias para confirmar esses resultados preliminares / BACKGROUND: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a debilitating and chronic mental illness. It is etiology and pathology are not completely known yet, despite the evidence of an important genetic component from family, twin and adoption studies. Recently, BD has been related to a process of accelerated aging, with some studies showing shortened leukocyte telomeres in this population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between leucocyte telomere length (LTL) in BD patients compared with healthy relatives of 22 families with several affected members by this illness, besides associating clinical symptomatology and other covariates with this parameter. It was also examined the genetic and environmental influences on telomere length trait in these BD families, using a variance component approach, by estimating the heritability of this trait as well as covariate effects. METHODS: Telomere length (T) was estimated in a sample of 143 individuals, including 60 BD patients from 22 families, which was measured in relation to the single copy gene (S) - beta-globin gene, using a singleplex real time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), providing a ratio of number of copies of T by S (T/S ratio). Taking in consideration the family structure, the statistical analysis was adjusted for the polygenic mixed model. RESULTS: The effect of BD illness in telomere length was small and we found no association between BD group and LTL (p > 0.05). However, LTL was associated with the variable suicidal ideation (p = 0.02) and interaction between suicidal ideation and course of disorder (p = 0.02). Association of LTL and maternal age and BD was also observed (p < 0.05). In addition, an important genetic component for telomere length was also observed (heritability = 0.68) in these families. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis of accelerated aging in BD, investigating the telomere length as one of its components, was not confirmed in our study. We found no difference between LTL and BD in our family group. However, using covariates that indicate severity of disease, both suicidal ideation and interaction between suicidal ideation and course of disorder were statistically significant with LTL, showing that shorter LTL was associated with worse clinical course (p < 0.05) and suicidal ideation (p < 0.05) in BD patients. Association of LTL with maternal age and BD (p < 0.05) suggests that advanced maternal age may not only be a marker of longevity, but also the BD phenotype may reinforce this condition. A high heritability for telomere length (0.68) also suggests an important genetic variability of this trait presented among those families. To our knowledge, this is the first study that found association between suicidal ideation, course of disorder, maternal age and LTL in families with several members affected by BD. Further investigations, including replication studies in other BD families, are needed to confirm these new findings

O Estresse precoce pode ocasionar graves consequências na vida adulta. Entre pacientes com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar sua ocorrência ainda carece de ser avaliada em estudos ampliados que contemplem sua complexidade de maneira mais abrangente, considerando fatores pessoais, ambientais e psicossociais. Com o objetivo de investigar e ampliar a compreensão da relação entre o Estresse precoce, sintomas do humor (depressão e mania), estratégias de enfrentamento e ideação suicida em pacientes com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar em um serviço comunitário no interior de São Paulo, desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal, analítico, exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando os instrumentos: entrevista clínica para confirmação diagnóstica, de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV; questionário sociodemográfico, de condições clínicas e de saúde, Escala de Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D); Escala de Mania (YOUNG); Escala de ideação suicida (BSI); Escala de modos de enfrentamento de problemas (EMEP) e Questionário sobre Traumas na Infância (CTQ). Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica, realizando-se testes Qui-quadrado, com coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e regressão logística, considerando níveis de significância de 0,05. Obteve-se aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e a amostra foi de conveniência não probabilística com 50 pacientes com TAB. Prevaleceram mulheres (66,0%), com idade média de 42,7 anos (dp +12,3), 56,0% possuíam ensino médio, 44,0% eram casados ou com companheiro fixo, 90,0% moravam com a família, 88,0% tinham religião, 60,0% estavam afastados ou desempregados, 74,0% viviam com renda mensal de até um salário mínimo, 48,0% tiveram tentativas de suicídio, 58,0% passaram por internações psiquiátricas prévias, 84,0% não praticavam atividade física e 56,0% possuíam comorbidades. A prevalência de Estresse precoce foi de 68,0%, não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre Estresse precoce, sintomas do humor, estratégias de enfrentamento e ideação suicida entre pacientes com TAB em seguimento em um serviço comunitário. Possivelmente, tais resultados reflitam o impacto que as ações de apoio e suporte social oferecidas pelo CAPS e pela família tem proporcionado a estes pacientes. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram alta prevalência de Estresse precoce que, embora não associado com as demais variáveis, mostra-se relevante na vida destes pacientes. Estudos sobre o Estresse precoce e TAB, relação entre serviço/paciente/família e estratégias de enfrentamento no contexto comunitário podem indicar melhores formas de tratamento e implementação de políticas públicas que garantam melhor qualidade de vida a estes pacientes / Early stress can have serious consequences in adult life. Among patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder, its occurrence still needs to be evaluated in expanded studies that contemplate its complexity in a more comprehensive way, considering personal, environmental and psychosocial factors. With the objective of investigating and broadening the understanding of the relationship between early stress, mood symptoms (depression and mania), coping strategies and suicidal ideation in patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder in a community service in the interior of São Paulo, a cross-sectional, analytical, exploratory, quantitative approach using the instruments: clinical interview for diagnostic confirmation, according to DSM-IV criteria; sociodemographic questionnaire, clinical and health conditions, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D); Mania Scale (YOUNG); Suicidal ideation scale (BSI); Scale of problem coping modes (EMEP) and Trauma Questionnaire in Childhood (CTQ). Descriptive and analytical statistics were used, with Chi-square tests, with Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression, considering levels of significance of 0.05. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee and the sample was of non-probabilistic convenience with 50 patients with BAD. Prevalence of women (66.0%), mean age 42.7 years (dp +12.3), 56.0% had a high school education, 44.0% were married or had a fixed partner, 90.0% lived with the family, 88.0% had religion, 60.0% were retired or unemployed, 74.0% lived with monthly income of up to one minimum wage, 48.0% had attempted suicide, 58.0% had psychiatric hospitalizations 84.0% did not practice physical activity and 56.0% had comorbidities. The prevalence of early stress was 68.0%; there was no statistically significant association between early stress, mood symptoms, coping strategies, and suicidal ideation among patients with BD at follow-up at a community service. These results may reflect the impact that the support and social support actions offered by the CAPS and the family have provided to these patients. The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of early stress that, although not associated with the other variables, is shown relevant in the life of these patients. Studies on early stress and BD, relationship between service / patient / family and coping strategies in the community context may indicate better ways of treatment and implementation of public policies that guarantee a better quality of life for these patients

O Estresse precoce pode ocasionar graves consequências na vida adulta. Entre pacientes com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar sua ocorrência ainda carece de ser avaliada em estudos ampliados que contemplem sua complexidade de maneira mais abrangente, considerando fatores pessoais, ambientais e psicossociais. Com o objetivo de investigar e ampliar a compreensão da relação entre o Estresse precoce, sintomas do humor (depressão e mania), estratégias de enfrentamento e ideação suicida em pacientes com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar em um serviço comunitário no interior de São Paulo, desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal, analítico, exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando os instrumentos: entrevista clínica para confirmação diagnóstica, de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV; questionário sociodemográfico, de condições clínicas e de saúde, Escala de Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D); Escala de Mania (YOUNG); Escala de ideação suicida (BSI); Escala de modos de enfrentamento de problemas (EMEP) e Questionário sobre Traumas na Infância (CTQ). Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica, realizando-se testes Qui-quadrado, com coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e regressão logística, considerando níveis de significância de 0,05. Obteve-se aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e a amostra foi de conveniência não probabilística com 50 pacientes com TAB. Prevaleceram mulheres (66,0%), com idade média de 42,7 anos (dp +12,3), 56,0% possuíam ensino médio, 44,0% eram casados ou com companheiro fixo, 90,0% moravam com a família, 88,0% tinham religião, 60,0% estavam afastados ou desempregados, 74,0% viviam com renda mensal de até um salário mínimo, 48,0% tiveram tentativas de suicídio, 58,0% passaram por internações psiquiátricas prévias, 84,0% não praticavam atividade física e 56,0% possuíam comorbidades. A prevalência de Estresse precoce foi de 68,0%, não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre Estresse precoce, sintomas do humor, estratégias de enfrentamento e ideação suicida entre pacientes com TAB em seguimento em um serviço comunitário. Possivelmente, tais resultados reflitam o impacto que as ações de apoio e suporte social oferecidas pelo CAPS e pela família tem proporcionado a estes pacientes. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram alta prevalência de Estresse precoce que, embora não associado com as demais variáveis, mostra-se relevante na vida destes pacientes. Estudos sobre o Estresse precoce e TAB, relação entre serviço/paciente/família e estratégias de enfrentamento no contexto comunitário podem indicar melhores formas de tratamento e implementação de políticas públicas que garantam melhor qualidade de vida a estes pacientes / Early stress can have serious consequences in adult life. Among patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder, its occurrence still needs to be evaluated in expanded studies that contemplate its complexity in a more comprehensive way, considering personal, environmental and psychosocial factors. With the objective of investigating and broadening the understanding of the relationship between early stress, mood symptoms (depression and mania), coping strategies and suicidal ideation in patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder in a community service in the interior of São Paulo, a cross-sectional, analytical, exploratory, quantitative approach using the instruments: clinical interview for diagnostic confirmation, according to DSM-IV criteria; sociodemographic questionnaire, clinical and health conditions, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D); Mania Scale (YOUNG); Suicidal ideation scale (BSI); Scale of problem coping modes (EMEP) and Trauma Questionnaire in Childhood (CTQ). Descriptive and analytical statistics were used, with Chi-square tests, with Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression, considering levels of significance of 0.05. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee and the sample was of non-probabilistic convenience with 50 patients with BAD. Prevalence of women (66.0%), mean age 42.7 years (dp +12.3), 56.0% had a high school education, 44.0% were married or had a fixed partner, 90.0% lived with the family, 88.0% had religion, 60.0% were retired or unemployed, 74.0% lived with monthly income of up to one minimum wage, 48.0% had attempted suicide, 58.0% had psychiatric hospitalizations 84.0% did not practice physical activity and 56.0% had comorbidities. The prevalence of early stress was 68.0%; there was no statistically significant association between early stress, mood symptoms, coping strategies, and suicidal ideation among patients with BD at follow-up at a community service. These results may reflect the impact that the support and social support actions offered by the CAPS and the family have provided to these patients. The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of early stress that, although not associated with the other variables, is shown relevant in the life of these patients. Studies on early stress and BD, relationship between service / patient / family and coping strategies in the community context may indicate better ways of treatment and implementation of public policies that guarantee a better quality of life for these patients

Background: Suicidal young adults often confide their distress to peers. It is unclear, however, what types of assistance a friend may offer in response to various symptoms of distress as well as whether the sex of either individual affects responses. Aims: We examined open-ended responses to e-mail vignettes from a fictitious friend exhibiting depressed, irritable, or overtly suicidal communications. Method: College student participants (n = 106) read e-mail messages from a fictitious friend, to which they composed a reply. Replies were coded to reflect the presence/absence of mention of professional help, problem-oriented (personal) help, and social support. Results: Problem-oriented help was offered the most across conditions; professional help was offered least in response to depressed or irritable vignettes. Women were more likely to offer any type of help than men. Patterns of help-giving and sex differences in help-giving varied by condition. Conclusions: Results indicate students’ preferences for solving peer problems personally rather than professionally. Campus prevention and intervention efforts should focus on enhancing students’ peer support and referral skills.