Positive social support, realistic job demand, and appropriate levels of control over their responsibilities can mitigate empathy fatigue and burnout among nurses, increase quality care for patients, and lay the foundation for teams to embrace challenges during crises. The COVID-19 pandemic stretched nurses in all these areas, leading many nurses to contemplate changing fields. Failure to address and embrace the difficulties that nurses face during such crises can result in loss of nurses and impact the entire healthcare industry. The present study used one-to-one interviews to glean insider perspectives of changes in job demand, control, and support nurses experienced as they showed up to work in COVID-19 units. Results showed that the bridge to overcoming daily battles and stresses came primarily through supportive education and skill building, emotional support from peers, and venting after a challenging event. Keywords: social support, emotional support, informational support, moral injury, Demand-Control-Support Model

Studiens syfte var att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan variabler som kan påverka upplevd stress vid distansarbete. Frågeställningar som berördes var om det fanns samband mellan stress och variablerna; kvantitativa krav, arbetstempo, inflytande, erkännande, socialt stöd från överordnade och socialt stöd från kollegor samt vilken av variablerna som påverkade upplevd stress i högst grad. Studien undersökte även om det fanns skillnad i upplevd stress mellan kvinna och man samt om det fanns skillnad mellan ovan nämnda variabler gällande könen. Studien hade en kvantitativ ansats och metoden som användes var enkätundersökning där frågorna grundades på Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Totalt antal respondenter var 62; av dessa var 44 kvinnor och 18 män. Åldersspannet var 26–66 år (M= 42.6, SD=9.1). Av enkätundersökningen framkom att det fanns signifikant korrelation mellan upplevd stress och kvantitativa krav samt arbetstempo. Gällande stress fanns ingen skillnad mellan kvinna och man, dock visade resultatet att viss skillnad fanns bland övriga variabler som ingår i studien. Studien visade även att det fanns skillnad i vilken variabel som påverkade upplevd stress i högst grad mellan könen. Utifrån resultaten kunde slutsatsen dras att delar av studien går att generalisera till befolkningen. / The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there was a correlation between variables that can affect perceived stress when working at distance. Questions that were addressed was whether there was correlation between stress and the variables; quantitative demands, work pace, influence, recognition, social support from supervisor and social support from colleagues and which of the variables influenced perceived stress to the highest degree. The study also investigated whether there was a difference in perceived stress between women and men and whether there was a difference between the above-mentioned variables regarding the sexes. The study had a quantitative approach and the method used was a questionnaire where the questions were based on Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). The total number of respondents was 62; of which 44 were women and 18 were men. The age range was 26–66 years (M= 42.6, SD=9.1). The survey showed that there was a significant correlation between perceived stress and quantitative demands as well as work pace. Regarding stress, there was no difference between women and men, however, the results showed that there was some difference among the other variables included in the study. The study also showed that there was a difference in which variable affected perceived stress to the highest degree between the sexes. Based on the results, it could be concluded that parts of the study can be generalized to the population.

Sjukskrivningar för psykisk ohälsa orsakade av dåliga arbetsförhållanden i den sociala och organisatoriska arbetsmiljön är ett växande problem i samhället. Samtidigt finns lite forskning om arbetsförhållanden och hälsa ur ett salutogent perspektiv. Syftet är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning upplevda arbetsförhållanden kan kopplas till självskattad hälsa ur ett salutogent perspektiv bland lagerarbetare på en arbetsplats. Studien är baserad på kvantitativa data. Univariat- och multipel linjär regressionsanalys har använts för att undersöka samband mellan arbetsförhållanden och hälsa. Resultatet visade på signifikanta samband mellan arbetsförhållanden och självskattad hälsa. Starkast samband fanns för stödjande arbetsförhållanden, tidsupplevelse och individuella inre upplevelser. Det innebär att det är betydelsefullt med ett gott socialt klimat på arbetsplatsen med tillgång till stöd från både arbetskamrater och arbetsgivaren, att arbetet upplevs som meningsfullt, att det finns utvecklingsmöjligheter, att personalens utbildning matchar kraven i arbetet och att tidsupplevelsen är positiv genom att arbetsuppgifterna hinns med under arbetstid utan stress. Självskattad hälsa ökade med ålder men det fanns inga signifikanta skillnader utifrån kön, anställningsform, utbildning eller etnisk bakgrund. Resultatet har diskuterats utifrån känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) och krav-kontroll-stödmodellen som teoretiskt perspektiv. / Sick leave due to mental ill-health, caused by poor working conditions in the social and organizational work environment is a growing problem in the society. There is a lack of research on working conditions’ impact on health from a salutogenic perspective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which perceived working conditions can be associated with self-rated health from a salutogenic perspective among warehouse workers at a workplace. The study is based on questionnaire data. Univariat- and multiple linear regressions were performed to investigate the relationship between working conditions and health. The result showed that there are significant associations between working conditions and self-rated health. The strongest associations were found with supportive working conditions, time experience, individual inner experinces, and health. This means that it is important to have a high social climate in the workplace with access to support from both colleagues and employer, that work is perceived as meaningful, to have opportunities for development, that personnel education matches the requirements for the job and that there is enough time to perform tasks without stress. Self-rated health increased with age but there were no significant differences by gender, employment status, education or ethnic background. The result has been discussed on the basis of sense of coherence (SOC) and the demand-control-support model as a theoretical perspective.

Este trabalho analisa a viabilidade de aplicação de uma sistemática de gestão de estoques que permite escolher e parametrizar modelos de decisão de reposição de itens para apoiar os coordenadores de abastecimento de supermercados, através da utilização de dados reais. O principal objetivo desta sistemática é contribuir para o aumento da disponibilidade de produtos na loja do supermercado, através do seguinte equacionamento: minimizar os custos operacionais e de estoque do varejo, tendo como restrição um nível mínimo de serviço ao cliente. Esta pesquisa experimental aplicada possibilitou identificar que o modelo CALNEC apresentou o melhor desempenho em 80% da amostra. A melhor configuração (configuração dos melhores desempenhos de todos os modelos) ofereceu uma economia de até 42% frente ao custo atual. O modelo de gestão de estoque atualmente utilizado apresentou desempenho pior mesmo comparado aos modelos não vencedores. / This work analyses the viability of an application of the inventory management systematic, which allows to choose and to parameterize replenishment decision models to support supermarket replenishment coordinators in their tasks, using real data. The main objective of this systematic is to contribute to the product availability improvement in the supermarket store considering the following equation: minimize the operational and inventory costs from retail having as a restriction the minimum customer service level in items available at the retail store. This experimental applied research identified CALNEC as the inventory model that presented the best performance in 80% of the sample. The best configuration (configuration of the best performance from all models) showed a saving of 42% compared to the current costs. The current inventory management model presented the worst performance even compared to the non-winners models.

Bilden av lärares arbetssituation som presenteras i media är vanligtvis negativt vinklad. Exempelvis visar en undersökning att endast en tredjedel av lärarna upplever sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö som god. Ungefär hälften av de upplevda problemen med arbetsmiljön kan härledas till den administrativ arbetsbelastning. Trots detta upplever majoriteten av lärarna i grundskolan sitt arbete som meningsfullt och känner stöd från sina kollegor. Det finns således två parallella och delvis motstridiga bilder av hur lärare upplever sin arbetssituation. Syftet med denna studie var att utifrån ett salutogent perspektiv undersöka vilka frisk- och riskfaktorer lärarna på en F-6 skola anser att de har på sin arbetsplats samt hur dessa faktorer kan påverka lärarnas upplevelse av hälsa i sitt arbete. Metoden som användes vid datainsamlingen var kvalitativa individuella intervjuer med sex lärare. Resultatet visade en delad bild av lärarnas upplevelser av sin arbetsmiljö. De friskfaktorer som var starkast och som lärarna var mest samstämmiga kring var elevarbetet och meningsfullheten kring de elevnära arbetsuppgifterna samt det stöd de upplevde från arbetskolleger och chefer. Majoriteten av lärarna menade att de upplevde obalans mellan elevarbete och övrigt arbete. Lärarna menade att dokumentation och andra uppgifter tog större utrymme av deras arbetstid än vad de önskade och flera av dem uttalade önskemål om att få mer tid för planering av lektionerna. Konklusionen är att lärarna mår bra av och tycker om att undervisa och vill ha mer tid för detta. / The image of teachers' work situation as presented in the media is usually negatively biased. For example, a survey shows that only a third of the teachers perceive their psychosocial work environment as well. About half of the perceived problems with the work environment can be traced to the administrative workload. Despite this experience the majority of teachers in primary schools finds their work meaningful and feel support from their colleagues. There are thus two parallel and sometimes contradictory images of how teachers perceive their work situation . The purpose of this study was that from a salutogenic perspective examine the healthy and risk factors teachers on an F-6 school experienced in their workplace and how these factors can affect teachers' perception of health in their work. This may be the basis for continued health promotion efforts at teacher workstations. The method used in the data collection was qualitative individual interviews with six teachers. The results showed a split image of teachers' perceptions of their work environment. The health factors that were strongest and that the teachers were most consistent about was teaching and the meaningfulness around the work with the pupils, the duties and the support they experienced from work colleagues and managers. The majority of teachers felt that they perceived imbalance between the work with the pupils and other work. The teachers felt that documentation and other tasks took up more space in their working time than what they wanted and many of them expressed a desire to have more time for planning lessons. The conclusion is that teachers feel good and like teaching and want more time for this.

Resumo: O reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica Ilha Solteira localiza-se entre os estados de São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e Goiás inserindo-se na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraná. Este reservatório foi construído com o objetivo de geração de energia, porém, como geralmente ocorre com a maioria dos reservatórios, passou a ser utilizado para múltiplas finalidades. Dentre os usos se destacam o transporte hidroviário, a irrigação, a aquicultura e o lazer. Devido à boa qualidade de suas águas, apresenta uma forte tendência ao aumento das utilizações deste recurso. Considerando que alguns aproveitamentos resultam em impactos e consequentes conflitos relacionados aos interesses de usos do recurso, é de suma importância o desenvolvimento de medidas disciplinadoras que visem à manutenção da qualidade da água. Nesse sentido, a presente proposta objetivou estabelecer uma hierarquia dos principais usos do reservatório considerando critérios econômicos, sociais, operacionais e a qualidade da água. Para tanto, adotou-se um Modelo Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão, onde, com a utilização do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), as modalidades de uso do reservatório foram priorizadas. De acordo com o constatado no presente estudo, o segmento de recreação e turismo apresentou o melhor desempenho nos critérios avaliados, sendo considerado como prioridade global para a utilização da água do reservatório de Ilha Solteira e de seus afluentes. O uso dos recursos hídricos para irrigação se mostrou interessante, sendo que foi apontado como prioridade em alguns municípios. A aquicultura aparece em terceiro lugar na ordem de prioridade, se destacando tanto em projetos da iniciativa privada como em projetos com investimentos públicos. A região apresentou um baixo uso dos recursos hídricos para o transporte hidroviário, sendo este segmento quase uma exclusividade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Ilha Solteira reservoir is located between the States of São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Goias, inserted in Paraná's river basin. This reservoir was built with the purpose of power generation, but as it usually happens with most reservoirs, it began to be used for multiple purposes. Among the various uses of the reservoir can be highlighted the navigation, the irrigation, the aquaculture and the recreation. Due to the high quality of its waters, there's a strong intent on increasing the use of this resource, being that some uses result in significant impact and therefore, conflicts of interest arise. It is then of utmost importance the creation of disciplinary measures targeted on maintaining water quality. In that sense, this proposal aims to establish a hierarchy of the main uses of the reservoir, considering the criteria economical, social, operational and the quality of the water. To that end, was adapted a Multi-Criteria Decision Support model, where, using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the uses of the reservoir were prioritized. According to the results of this study, the segment of recreation and tourism showed the best performance on the evaluated criteria and was defined as the global priority concerning the water usage of the reservoir of Ilha Solteira and of their tributaries. The use of water resources for irrigation proved to be interesting, and it was appointed as a priority in some cities. The aquaculture appears in third place in the priority order, standing out so much in projects of the private initiative such as in projects with public investments. The region presented low use of water resources for waterborne transport, being that segment almost exclusiveness of the São Simão-GO city. The usage of the water to supply showed little expression on the cities in the region, however deserves attention for the volume of sewage... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho / Coorientador: Maurício Augusto Leite / Banca: José Augusto de Lollo / Banca: Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola / Mestre

Este trabalho analisa a viabilidade de aplicação de uma sistemática de gestão de estoques que permite escolher e parametrizar modelos de decisão de reposição de itens para apoiar os coordenadores de abastecimento de supermercados, através da utilização de dados reais. O principal objetivo desta sistemática é contribuir para o aumento da disponibilidade de produtos na loja do supermercado, através do seguinte equacionamento: minimizar os custos operacionais e de estoque do varejo, tendo como restrição um nível mínimo de serviço ao cliente. Esta pesquisa experimental aplicada possibilitou identificar que o modelo CALNEC apresentou o melhor desempenho em 80% da amostra. A melhor configuração (configuração dos melhores desempenhos de todos os modelos) ofereceu uma economia de até 42% frente ao custo atual. O modelo de gestão de estoque atualmente utilizado apresentou desempenho pior mesmo comparado aos modelos não vencedores. / This work analyses the viability of an application of the inventory management systematic, which allows to choose and to parameterize replenishment decision models to support supermarket replenishment coordinators in their tasks, using real data. The main objective of this systematic is to contribute to the product availability improvement in the supermarket store considering the following equation: minimize the operational and inventory costs from retail having as a restriction the minimum customer service level in items available at the retail store. This experimental applied research identified CALNEC as the inventory model that presented the best performance in 80% of the sample. The best configuration (configuration of the best performance from all models) showed a saving of 42% compared to the current costs. The current inventory management model presented the worst performance even compared to the non-winners models.

Forskningsfrågor: Vilka arbetsfaktorer anser personer anställda genom bemanningsföretag påverka deras välmående och varför? Hur skiljer välmående sig mellan deltid- och heltidsanställda inom bemanningsföretag i förhållande till identifierade arbetsfaktorer? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka det upplevda välmåendet hos personer som är anställda genom bemanningsföretag i ekonomisektorn samt vilka faktorer som har en påverkan på det upplevda välmåendet. En jämförelse kommer att göras mellan personer som arbetar heltid och de som arbetar deltid via ett bemanningsföretag. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ studie. Data samlades in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer, som hölls med åtta respondenter. Intervjuerna hölls via Microsoft Teams. Hälften av respondenterna var heltidsanställda och andra hälften var deltidsanställda.  Slutsats: Många av de identifierade faktorerna är sammankopplade. Jobbsäkerhet, karriärutveckling, inkludering/exkludering och arbetsutveckling har alla en central del för välmåendet. Anledningen till detta är bland annat att jobbsäkerhet har stora konsekvenser även utanför jobbet och påverkar även andra faktorer som ekonomisk kompensation, förväntningar och möjligheter till karriärutveckling. / Research questions: What work factors do people employed within staffing companies deem affects their wellbeing and how?How does wellbeing differ between part- and full-time employees within staffing companies in relation to the work factors? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the perceived well-being of people who are employed through staffing companies in the financial sector and which factors have an impact on the perceived well-being. A comparison will be made between people who work full time and those who work part time through a staffing company. Method: The study is a qualitative study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with eight respondents. The interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams. Half of the respondents were full-time employees while the other half were part-time employees. Conclusion: Many of the identified factors are interconnected. Job security, career development, inclusion / exclusion and job development all have a central part to well-being. The reason for this is, among other things, that job security also has major consequences outside of work and also affects other factors such as financial compensation, expectations and opportunities for career development.

Earth’s biosphere is sustained by its biological diversity, which forms an intricate network of biological, physical and chemical pathways. This network has many fail-safe redundant func-tions including buffer stocks of inert biomass, huge amounts of water and the large volume of gases in the atmosphere. By contrast, manmade habitats for human space exploration are closed ecosystems that represent only a trivial fraction of Earth’s biosphere. The employment of bio-regenerative processes complemented with physical-chemical tech-nologies is thought to have numerous advantages from the perspective of redundancy and reducing resupply mass for the sustained human presence in space or on other planetary surfaces. However, the combination of bio-regenerative processes, such as plant cultivation, with physical-chemical processes to form hybrid life support systems is challenging. Such systems are a concert of many interdependencies and interacting feedback loops, which are difficult to operate in a desired range of set points. Furthermore, the complexity of such sys-tems makes them vulnerable to perturbations. Applying system dynamics modelling to study hybrid life support systems is a promising ap-proach. System dynamics is a methodology used to study the dynamic behavior of complex systems and how such systems can be defended against, or made to benefit from, the per-turbations that fall upon them. This thesis describes the development of a system dynamics model to run exploratory simulations, which can lead to new insights into the complex behav-ior of hybrid life support systems. An improved understanding of the overall system behavior also helps to develop sustainable, reliable and resilient life support architectures for future human space exploration. A set of simulations with a hybrid life support system integrated into a Mars habitat has been executed and the results show a strong impact of space greenhouses on the life support sys-tem behavior and the different matter flows. It is also evident from the simulation results that a hybrid life support system can recover from a perturbation event in most cases without a fatal mission end. Recycling urine to produce a plant nutrient solution is a novel approach in further closing loops in space life support systems. Within this thesis, a number of experiments have been executed in order to determine the effectiveness of a urine-derived nutrient solution com-pared to a standard reference solution. The results show that in principle plants can be grown with a nutrient solution made of human urine, but that the yield is lower compared to the reference solution. However, the urine-derived solution might be tuned by adding small amounts of additional nutrients to remove the imbalance of certain elements. This way the nutrient salts supplied from Earth could be reduced.

Organisations' digitalisation has had positive and negative effects on the work environment. Regardless, the digital work environment can affect employees' digital well-being. By studying how lecturers at Swedish universities feel that their digital well-being is affected by the digital work environment, the universities can proactively work for a good work environment. This quantitative survey studies essential factors for the well-being of lecturers in the digital work environment at Swedish universities. The variation is explained using the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) and the Demand-Control-Support model.  The most important factors for digital well-being that have emerged in this study are to have a positive attitude towards digital systems, to have digital competence and to minimize negative impact; this is also confirmed by previous research in other environments.