INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com carcinomas das vias aerodigestivas superiores (VADS) apresentam um alto risco de desenvolver outros cânceres tanto simultaneamente quanto subsequentemente. A maioria destes tumores ocorre nas VADS, pulmões ou esôfago. A tríplice endoscopia (laringoscopia, endoscopia digestiva alta e broncoscopia) possibilita o diagnostico de lesões precursoras e de tumores invasivos. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos limita-se a descrever a frequência de diagnósticos, mas não os resultados do tratamento e o impacto na sobrevida. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a importância da tríplice endoscopia para o diagnóstico de neoplasias primárias múltiplas e as diferenças no estadiamento e nas taxas de sobrevida de pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de VADS. Caracterizar o perfil e analisar fatores de risco para neoplasias primárias múltiplas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo caso-controle retrospectivo em que foram incluídos pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de VADS, submetidos à tríplice endoscopia antes do início do tratamento (grupo tríplice endoscopia), pareados, por sexo, idade e localização, estádio clínico e tratamento do tumor primário, com pacientes não submetidos à tríplice endoscopia na avaliação inicial (grupo controle). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 135 pacientes em cada grupo. No grupo tríplice endoscopia ocorreram mais diagnósticos de segundo tumor primário (STP), 34 (17 simultâneos e 17 metacrônicos), do que no grupo controle, 20 (1 simultâneo e 19 metacrônicos). Não foi identificada diferença significativa entre o estadiamento dos tumores de grupo tríplice endoscopia e do grupo controle. As curvas de sobrevida global, específica por câncer, livre de doença e pós-STP foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. A sobrevida livre de STP foi maior no grupo controle. Na análise multivariada foram identificados como fatores prognósticos independentes para a sobrevida, o sexo (feminino, RR 0,51, IC 0,30 0,88), a idade (maior que 57 anos, RR 1,73, IC 1,29 2,31), a localização do tumor primário (laringe, RR 0,60, IC 0,39 0,93), o estádio N (N2 e N3, RR 1,78, IC 1,26 2,51) e o estádio clínico do tumor primário (III e IV, RR 2,75, IC 1,69 4,46). As variáveis independentes relacionadas ao diagnóstico e à ocorrência de STP foram a realização de tríplice endoscopia (RR 1,93; IC 95% 1,02 - 3,65), o tipo de tratamento do tumor primário (cirurgia exclusiva, RR 3,14; IC 95% 1,11 - 8,85) e o tempo de seguimento (maior que 24 meses, RR 3,69; IC 95% 1,19 - 11,47). CONCLUSÃO: Não ocorreu diferença no estádio clínico dos STP e nas sobrevidas global, específica por câncer, livre de doença e pós-STP entre o grupo tríplice endoscopia e o grupo controle. Foram identificados como fatores independentes relacionados ao diagnóstico e a ocorrência de STP o tratamento realizado (cirurgia exclusiva), o tempo de seguimento (maior que 24 meses) e a realização da tríplice endoscopia. / INTRODUCTION: Patients with upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) carcinomas have a high risk of developing others cancers simultaneously or subsequently. Most of these tumors occur in UADT, lungs or esophagus. Triple endoscopy (laryngoscopy, endoscopy and bronchoscopy) enables the diagnosis of premalignant and invasive tumors. However, most of the studies describe only the frequency of the diagnosis, but not the results of treatment and its impact on survival. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the importance of triple endoscopy for the diagnosis of multiple primary tumors and the differences in clinical stage and survival rates of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the UADT. To characterize and to analyze the risk factors for multiple primary tumors. METHODS: This is a case-control study that included patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the UADT, that were submitted to a triple endoscopy before the first treatment (triple endoscopy group), matched by sex, age and location, clinical stage and treatment of primary tumor, with patients not undergoing triple endoscopy in the initial evaluation (control group). RESULTS: One hundred and thirty five patients were included in each group. The diagnosis of second primary tumor (SPT) was more frequent in the triple endoscopy group than in the control group, 34 (17 simultaneous and 17 metachronous) and 20 cases (1 simultaneous and 19 metachronous), respectively. No significant difference was found between the clinical stage of triple endoscopy group and the control group. The curves of overall survival, cancer specific, disease-free and after SPT were similar in both groups. The SPT free survival was higher in the control group. In the multivariate analysis were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival, sex (women, RR 0.51, CI 0.30 - 0.88), age (older than 57 years, RR 1.73, CI 1.29 - 2.31), the primary tumor site (larynx, RR 0.60, CI 0.39 - 0.93), N stage (N2 and N3, RR 1.78, CI 1.26 - 2.51) and the clinical stage of primary tumor (III and IV, RR 2.75, CI 1.69 - 4.46). The independent variables related to the diagnosis and the occurrence of SPT were triple endoscopy (RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.02 - 3.65), the primary tumor treatment (surgery alone, RR 3.14, 95% CI 1.11 - 8.85) and follow-up (greater than 24 months, RR 3.69, 95% CI 1.19 - 11.47). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the clinical stage of the SPT and overall survival, cancer specific, disease-free and post SPT between the triple endoscopy group and control group. As independent predictors for the diagnosis and the occurrence of SPT were treatment performed (just surgery), follow-up time (greater than 24 months) and triple endoscopy.

A leucemia linfóide aguda nos adultos apresenta prognóstico reservado. Os objetivos deste estudo são descrição e análise de parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais e fatores prognósticos em 102 pacientes tratados com diferentes protocolos de quimioterapia no período de 1990 a 2005, no Serviço de Hematologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Em estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com exclusão de LLA subtipo L3 (FAB) ou B-IV (EGIL), foram analisadas a taxa de remissão completa (RC), sobrevida global (SG) e sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) para a população geral e para os dois principais protocolos de tratamento. A análise estatística foi feita pelo programa SPSS 10.0. Associação entre variáveis, fatores prognósticos e resposta foram observados através do teste ?2 de Person. Curvas de SG e SLD foram construídas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e as diferenças analisadas pelo teste de log-rank. A idade média foi de 30,6 anos (12 a 82 anos) e predominou o sexo masculino (55,9%). Ao diagnóstico, os achados clínicos foram: fadiga (58,2%), esplenomegalia (59,7%), hepatomegalia (54,6%), linfadenopatia (52,6), febre (38,8%), dor óssea(28,6%), sangramento (27,5%) e cefaléia (15,3%). Envolvimento do sistema nervoso central (SNC) foi detectado em 11 (11,8%) pacientes, enquanto envolvimento testicular acometeu um paciente. O valor médio de hemoglobina, leucócitos e plaquetas foram 8,5g/dl, 84.341/mm3 e 76.275/mm3, respectivamente. 98,7% dos pacientes apresentaram linfoblastos no sangue periférico. A classificação FAB foi igualmente observada entre os tipos L1 e L2. As LLA B e T foram observadas em 69,7% e 30,2%, respectivamente. O cariótipo foi realizado em 40 pacientes, e t (9;22) foi identificada em 20% (8/40) dos casos. Os pacientes foram tratados com quatro diferentes protocolos: BFM 86 modificado (BFM 86M) em 47,15% (48/102), Linker et al em 39,2% (40/102), Lister et al em 5,9% (6/102) e CHOP em 7,8% (8/102). Na análise para a população geral, na fase de indução, 70,6% (65/92) dos pacientes entraram em RC. Idade inferior a 18 anos e ausência de infiltração de SNC foram fatores preditores positivos de resposta em análise multivariada (p=0,03). Com mediana de seguimento de 49 meses, observamos taxa de 30,5% e 27% para SG e SLD em 4 anos. Ausência de sangramento e hepatomegalia, ao diagnóstico, e idade < 35 anos estiveram associados à maior SG através de análise multivariada (p=0,01). Os dois protocolos com maior número de pacientes, apresentaram distribuição semelhante de parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais, a exceção da variável FAB. RC foi obtida em 76,7% e 63,9% dos pacientes tratados respectivamente com os protocolos BFM 86M e Linker (p=0,21). A SG foi de 49,5% com o BFM 86M em 4 anos Vs 16% com o protocolo Linker (p=0,004). Observou-se que o protocolo BFM86M teve melhor SG para pacientes com idade <35 anos (p=0,01), sem sangramento e hepatomegalia ao diagnóstico (p=0,03 e p=0,01) e sem leucocitose (B <30.000mm3 e T <100.000mm) (p=0,04); enquanto que pacientes com LLA T tratados com o protocolo Linker apresentaram SG inferior (p=0,05). A diferença de SLD entre os dois protocolos não foi significativa (p=0,58), entretanto na faixa etária entre 21-35 anos, o protocolo BFM se mostrou superior (p=0,03). Verificamos que o BFM 86M é superior ao Linker et al, sendo um bom protocolo para tratamento de LLA em pacientes adolescentes e adultos jovens sem fatores de risco. / Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults has a poor outcome. The aim of this study is to describe and evaluate clinical, laboratory and prognostic factors in 102 patients reated with different protocols of chemotherapy from 1990 to 2005. Adult ALLsubtype L3 (FAB) or B-IV (EGIL) was excluded. We evaluated complete remission (CR), overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) rates for the whole population and for the two principal treatment protocols. This retrospective cohort was done in hematology department of the FMUSP. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 10.0. The association of features and prognosis was assessed by Person\'s chi-square. OS and DFS curves were constructed by Kaplan-Meier method and the differences were calculated by the log-rank test. Mean age was 30,6 (12 to 82) years and 55,9% was male. Clinical findings, at diagnosis, were fatigue (58,2%), splenomegaly (59,7%), hepatomegaly (54,6%), ymphadenopathy (52,6%), fever (38,8%), bone pain (28,6%), bleeding (27,5%) and headache (15,3%). Involvement of central nervous system (CNS) was detected in 11 (11,8%) patients and testicular involvement was observed in one patient. Mean blood values were 8,5g/dl, 84.341/mm3 and 76.275/mm3 for hemoglobin, leucocytes and platelets respectively. 98,7% of the patients presented with lymphoblasts in peripheral blood. FAB classification was equally observed between L1 and L2. B and T ALL was noted in 69,7% and 30,2% respectively. Karyotype analysis was performed in 40 cases, where Philadelphia chromosome (ph) was identified in 20% (8/40) of them. Patients were treated with four different protocols: BFM 86 modified (BFM 86M) in 47,1% (48/102), Linker et al in 39,2% (40/102), Lister et al in 5,9% (6/102) and CHOP in 7,8% (8/102) of the patients. In the judgment for the entire population, in induction treatment, 70,6% (65/92) of the patients had CR. Age below 18 years and no infiltration in CNS were positive factors for CR in multivariate analyses (p=0,03). In a median follow up of 49 months, we have observed a 4 years OS and DFS of 30,5% and 27% respectively. No bleeding and hepatomegaly, at diagnosis, and age less than 35 years were factors associated a better OS in multivariate analyses (p=0, 01). Protocols with highest number of patients (BFM and Linker) showed the same distribution of clinical and laboratory factors; exception FAB classification. CR were seen in 76,7% and 63,9% of the patients treated with BFM 86M and Linker respectively. (p=0,21). OS was 49,5% with BFM protocol in 4 years Vs 16% with Linker (p=0,004). We observed a better OS for patients with age below 35 years (p=0,01), no bleeding and no hepatomegaly at diagnosis (p=0,03 ; p=0,01) and no leucocytosis ( B < 30000/mm3 and T < 100000/mm3) treated with BFM 86M; however ALL - T treated with Linker protocols had inferior OS (p=0,05). DFS between protocols wasn\'t significant (p=0,58), but with age between 21 and 35 years BFM was better (p=0,03). We conclude that BFM 86M is superior than Linker et al and it is a good treatment for childhood / young adults without risk factors

This study explored the lived experiences of breast cancer survivors and their intimate partners. The research was informed by a social constructionist framework and phenomenological method of inquiry. While the body of literature on the physical, psychological, and social health of breast cancer survivors is growing, only a few studies have focused solely on the lived experience of survivorship and the uncertainty of recurrence. This study sought to explore the construction of meaning in the couples' context and experiences of surviving breast cancer. The present study examined how breast cancer survivors make meaning of their survivorship in context of living with the fear of recurrence. The researcher investigated the patients' and their intimate partners' experiences of survivorship to gain a better understanding of how their lived experiences affect their relationships to themselves and their significant other and how they cope with the uncertainty of recurrence. The study provided clinical implications for medical family therapists working with breast cancer survivors for couples managing the challenges with survivorship and uncertainty.

No description available.

Après les traitements pour un cancer du sein, plusieurs survivantes désirent réintégrer une vie sociale active qui inclut le retour au travail. Bien que cette étape semble bénéfique, elle comporte plusieurs défis à surmonter tels que la gestion des effets secondaires des traitements au travail ou un soutien variable de la part des collègues et des professionnels de la santé. Toutefois, des facettes de cette expérience demeurent à être exploré au regard des survivantes, qui sont le plus susceptibles de réintégrer leur emploi. Il est même permis de croire que cette expérience peut être semblable à celle d’une transition. À notre connaissance, peu d’études abordent cette expérience sous l’angle de la transition et au regard des survivantes âgées de moins de 50 ans. Le but de cette étude était d’explorer l’expérience de transition vers le retour au travail de survivantes du cancer du sein. Une étude qualitative exploratoire a été effectuée. Des entrevues narratives (n=8) ont été menées auprès de survivantes qui étaient retournées au travail depuis au moins six mois et âgées de moins de 50 ans. Une analyse de contenu thématique a été réalisée. Les résultats ont été regroupés selon quatre thèmes : 1) une vie changée par le cancer, 2) le travail est un signe de normalité, 3) les facteurs influençant la transition et 4) les stratégies mobilisées pour réussir la transition vers le retour au travail. Les résultats suggèrent que les survivantes du cancer du sein veulent délaisser leur vie teintée par la maladie et réintégrer une vie « normale » qui inclut le retour au travail. L’expérience de transition vers le retour au travail est aussi influencée par plusieurs facteurs qui peuvent la faciliter ou l’entraver. Cette étude a permis de mettre en lumière l’expérience de transition vers le retour au travail de femmes de moins de 50 ans qui semblent comporter des défis distincts par rapport à celles des femmes plus âgées. À la lumière des résultats, de nombreuses recommandations ont été élaborées afin de mieux accompagner les survivantes de moins de 50 ans durant leur transition vers le retour au travail. / After breast cancer treatments, many survivors wish to return to an active social life that includes return to work. Although this step seems beneficial, it has several challenges to overcome, such as managing the side effects of treatment at work or varying support from colleagues and health professionals. However, aspects of this experience remain to be explored for survivors, who are most likely to return to their jobs. It is even possible that this experience may be similar to that of a transition. To our knowledge, few studies have addressed this experience from a transition perspective and from the perspective of survivors under the age of 50. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of transitioning breast cancer survivors back to work. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted. Narrative interviews (n=8) were conducted with youth survivors who had returned to work for at least six months and were under the age of 50. An analysis of the thematic content was carried out. The results were grouped into four themes: 1) a life changed by cancer, 2) work is a sign of normality, 3) factors influencing the transition and 4) strategies mobilized to successfully transition back to work. The results suggest that breast cancer survivors want to leave their illness-tinged lives and return to a “normal” life that includes returning to work. The experience of transitioning back to work is also influenced by several factors that may facilitate or hinder it. This study highlighted the transition experience of women under the age of 50 who appear to have distinct challenges to return to work. Based on the results, many recommendations were developed to better support survivors during their transition back to work.

Introduction : Le Test de Marche de 6 Minutes (6MWT) est le test le plus utilisé chez les patients atteints de cancer, évaluant la capacité fonctionnelle, tout en demeurant simple, sécuritaire et standardisé. Toutefois, aucune équation actuelle ne peut prédire la consommation maximale d’oxygène ("V" ̇O2 max) chez les survivants de cancer. Ainsi, l’objectif principal est de valider une équation spécifique pour prédire le "V" ̇O2 max à partir du 6MWT, alors que le second est de valider une équation spécifique pour prédire la distance de marche (6MWD) à partir du 6MWT. Méthodes : Au total, 250 survivants d’au moins cinq ans de la leucémie lymphoblastique aigüe (LLA) (n=80 femmes (48%); n=88 hommes (52%)) avec un âge moyen de 22 ans (22.2 ± 6.3) ont été recrutés. Parmi ceux-ci, 168 survivants ont réalisé un 6MWT ainsi qu’un test d’effort maximal sur ergocycle pour évaluer respectivement leur capacité fonctionnelle et leur fonction cardiorespiratoire. Une évaluation de leur pratique d’activités physiques a été réalisée par questionnaire. Les survivants ont ensuite été randomisés en deux groupes : le premier (n=118 (70%)) pour créer les équations et le deuxième groupe (n=50 (30%)) pour valider les équations créées. Des régressions linéaires multiples ont été réalisées pour prédire chacune des équations ("V" ̇O2 max et 6MWD) à partir du 6MWT. Les variables incluses dans les équations comprenaient l’âge, le poids, la taille, la fréquence cardiaque à la fin du test (FCfin), la distance de marche effectuée (6MWD), le niveau de la pratique d’activités physiques (MVLPA), la perception d’effort (EPE) ainsi que la durée des traitements (DT). La méthode de Bland et Altman a été utilisée pour valider chacune des équations en déterminant les différences moyennes et en comparant nos équations avec des équations de références. Résultats : Équation spécifique "V" ̇O2 max (différence moyenne = 2.51mL.kg-1.min-1) = (-0,236 * âge(années)) - (0,094 * poids(kg)) - (0,120 * FCfin(bpm)) + (0,067 * 6MWD(mètres)) + (0,065 * MVLPA(min/jour)) - (0,204 * DT(années)) + 25,145 ; R2=0.61. Équation spécifique 6MWD (différence moyenne = 10.86 mètres) = (3,948 * taille(cm)) - (1,223 * poids(kg)) + (1,913 * FCfin(bpm)) - (6,863 * EPE(/10)) + (0,556 * MVLPA(min/jour)) - 242,241 ; R2=0.36. Conclusion : Il s’agit de la première étude qui prédit le "V" ̇O2 max et la 6MWD en utilisant des variables cliniques et spécifiques des survivants de LLA. Nos résultats permettent d’évaluer la capacité cardiorespiratoire des survivants de LLA et facilitera leur suivi. / Introduction: In cancer patients, the 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT) is the most widely used test because it can assess the functional capacity in patients, while remaining simple, safe and standardized. However, it is reported that the actual equations cannot accurately predict a valid "V" ̇O2 peak value or a 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in cancer survivors. Thus, the first aim is to validate a specific equation using the 6MWT to predict "V" ̇O2peak, while the second is to validate a specific equation to predict walk distance during 6MWT. Methods: A total of 250 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors were enrolled in this study, among which 168 participants aged 22 years on average (22.2 ± 6.3) (n=80 females (48%); n=88 males (52%)) underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a 6MWT to assess their functional capacity and their cardiorespiratory fitness. Additionally, participants completed a physical activity questionnaire. Participants were randomly divided in two groups to create (n=118 (70%)) and to validate (n=50 (30%)) the equations. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine a new prediction equation for "V" ̇O2 peak and 6MWD from 6MWT. The validity in between the measured and predicted "V" ̇O2 peak and between the measured and predicted 6MWD was assessed using the Bland and Altman method. Results: Specific "V" ̇O2 peak equation (mean of bias=2.51mL.kg-1.min-1) = (-0.236*age(years)) - (0.094*weight(kg)) - (0.120*HR end(bpm)) + (0.067*6MWD(meters)) + (0.065*MVLPA(min/day)) - (0.204*DT(years)) + 25.145. Specific 6MWD equation (mean of bias=10.86meters) = (3.948*height(cm)) - (1.223*weight(kg)) + (1.913*HR end(bpm)) - (6.863*RPE) + (0.556*MVLPA(min/day)) - 242.241 Conclusion: This is the first study that predicted "V" ̇O2 peak and 6MWD using clinical and specific variables related to the disease from a 6MWT in childhood ALL survivors. It refines an already available tool that will strengthen an objective evaluation of the patient.

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Introduction Le remplacement prothétique est le traitement ultime pour la dégénérescence avancée de la hanche. Cependant, l’usure prématurée des surfaces de frottement métal contre polyéthylène conventionnel (MoPc) réduit de façon importante sa longévité chez les patients jeunes et actifs. Pour surmonter ce problème, des surfaces de frottement alternatives ont été proposées, notamment les couples métal-métal (MoM) et céramique-céramique (CoC). Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer la survie à long terme de ces surfaces d'appui lors du remplacement total de la hanche (PTH) avec une articulation de petit diamètre MoM ou CoC et du resurfaçage de la hanche (RH) MoM. Méthodes La survie des implants a été évaluée à long terme dans deux études où les sujets ont été randomisées pour une PTH MoM 28 mm (99 hanches) ou un RH (104 hanches) dans l’étude 1 ou une PTH CoC (71 hanches) ou MoPc (69 hanches) dans l’étude 2. Les mesures d’efficacité principales comparés, au dernier recul, était le taux de révision, les taux de complications, score fonctionnels validés, et les signes radiographiques anormaux. Résultats Étude 1, après un suivi moyen de 15 ans, la survie avec révision pour toutes causes était de (89,2 % pour le RH versus 94,2 % pour la PTH MoM, p=0,292). Toutefois avec une révision aseptique comme critère d'évaluation, la survie était significativement plus élevée dans les PTH (97,4 % contre 89,2 % ; p=0,033). Les deux groupes ont obtenu des scores fonctionnels similaires. Étude 2, après un suivi moyen de 21 ans, la survie était significativement plus élevée (96,9% vs 73,6%, p<0,001) pour les PTH CoC versus MoPc. À l'évaluation radiographique, 13 % des MoPc étaient considérés descellées versus aucune CoC et 61 % des MoPc versus 6 % des CoC présentaient des signes d’ostéolyse (p<0,001). Les PTHs CoC avaient des scores moyens de WOMAC significativement plus élevés que le groupe MoPc (11.0 vs 19.4; p = 0.048). Conclusion L’utilisation de couples dur-dur MoM ou CoC en PTH ou RH ont offert une excellente survie et fonction à long terme chez une clientèle de sujets jeunes et actifs. En comparaison, le taux d’échec élevé du couple MoPc confirme qu’il doit être abandonné. Les résultats de cette étude doivent être mis en perspective avec les résultats futurs des nouveaux couples métal contre polyéthylènes réticulés. / Introduction Prosthetic replacement is the ultimate treatment for advanced hip degeneration. However, premature wear of the metal-on-conventional polyethylene (MoPc) bearing surfaces significantly reduces its longevity in young and active patients. To overcome this problem, alternative bearing surfaces have been proposed including metal-on-metal (MoM) and ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term survival of these bearing surfaces during total hip replacement (THA) with a small diameter MoM or CoC bearings and hip resurfacing (HR) MoM. Methods Long-term implant survival was assessed in two studies where subjects were randomized to 28mm MoM THA (99 hips) or HR (104 hips) in Study 1, or CoC THA (71 hips) or MoPc (69 hips) in Study 2. The main outcome measures compared, at final follow-up, were revision rate, complications’ rate, validated functional scores, and abnormal radiographic signs. Results Study I: after a mean of 15 years, survivorship with endpoint all-cause revision was 89.2% for HR versus 94.2% for MoM THA MoM (p = 0.292). However, with aseptic revision as an endpoint, survivorship was significantly higher in MoM THA (97.4%) compared to (89.2%) in HR (p = 0.033). Both groups achieved similar functional scores. Study II: after a mean follow-up of 21 years, survivorship was significantly higher in CoC (96.9%) versus (73.6%) in MoPc THAs (p<0.001). On radiographic evaluation, 13% MoPc were considered loose versus non in CoC, and 61% MoPc versus 6% CoC showed osteolytic signs (p<0.001). CoC had better mean WOMAC scores than MoPc (11.0 vs 19.4; p = 0.048). Conclusion Good long-term survival and function for HR and MoM 28-mm THA implants with similar overall rates of complications and revisions. CoC provided excellent results compared to MoPc at more than 20-year follow-up.

Grâce à l’amélioration de l’efficacité du dépistage du cancer, le nombre de survivantes de cancer de sein augmente rapidement. Cependant, après le traitement du cancer, les survivantes du cancer du sein ont plus de besoins non satisfaits que les survivants d’autres types de cancer. Elles souhaitent adopter des habitudes de vie saines et mieux contrôler leur vie, mais elles ont besoin du soutien et des conseils des infirmières, en particulier des infirmières de soins de première ligne, qui possèdent les compétences requises pour promouvoir la santé. Toutefois, les interventions de promotion de la santé pour les survivantes du cancer du sein ne semblent pas être considérées comme une priorité dans ces soins, principalement en raison de l’absence de lignes directrices claires et d’un manque de connaissances relatives à ces interventions. Pour combler cette lacune, ce projet de mémoire visait à recenser les interventions infirmières de promotion de la santé chez des survivantes du cancer du sein afin de décrire les approches utilisées et les caractéristiques de ces interventions dans les études disponibles. Une revue de la portée a été réalisée. Les lignes directrices du Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) ont été suivies pour développer le but et les questions de recherche, identifier les études répondant aux critères de sélection retenus, et extraire les données recherchées pour répondre aux questions de recherche. Cinq banques de données électroniques ont été consultées pour identifier de manière systématique des articles publiés entre 2002 et 2022. Vingt-deux articles ont été retenus. Il ressort que les infirmières utilisent principalement des approches éducationnelles, même si elles ont également recours à des approches de changement de comportement et d’autonomisation individuelle ou de la communauté pour améliorer la santé des survivantes du cancer du sein. Les infirmières ont utilisé divers moyens tels que du matériel écrit et des outils numériques dans le cadre des interventions de promotion de la santé. Les interventions ont été majoritairement offertes lors de soins spécialisés. Elles étaient dispensées soit dans un format de groupe pour faciliter le soutien par les pairs ou soit sous forme individuelle pour s’adapter aux problèmes particuliers des survivantes. La revue de la portée conclut sur la nécessité de réaliser davantage de recherches sur les interventions infirmières visant à améliorer la santé globale des survivantes du cancer du sein et ce, dans le cadre des soins de première ligne. Cette étude suggère également que des recherches futures sont nécessaires pour tenir compte d’un plus grand nombre de déterminants sociaux de la santé lors de l’élaboration d’interventions de promotion de la santé. / Due to the improved effectiveness of cancer screening, the number of breast cancer survivors is rising rapidly. However, after cancer treatment, female breast cancer survivors seem to have higher unmet needs than survivors of other types of cancer. They want to adopt a healthy lifestyle and take greater control of their lives, but they need the support and guidance of nurses, especially in primary care, who have the required skills to promote health. However, health promotion interventions for female breast cancer survivors do not seem to be considered a priority in their care, mainly due to the lack of clinical guidelines and knowledge about these interventions. To fill this gap, this dissertation aimed to map nursing health promotion interventions for female breast cancer survivors in order to describe the approaches used and the characteristics of these interventions in the available studies. A scoping review methodology has been applied. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines were followed to develop the research aim and questions, identify studies relevant to the inclusion criteria, and extract the data needed to answer research questions. Five electronic databases were consulted to systemically identify articles published between 2002 and 2022. Twenty-two articles have been selected. It was found that nurses mainly use educational approaches, although they employ behavior change, and self-empowerment or community empowerment approaches to improve the health of breast cancer survivors. The nurses used a variety of methods, such as written material and digital tools, as part of their health promotion interventions. The majority of interventions were provided as part of specialized care. The interventions were delivered either in a group format to facilitate peer support or on an individual basis to adapt to survivors' specific problems. The scoping review concludes that further research is required regarding nursing interventions aimed at enhancing the holistic health of breast cancer survivors in primary care settings. This study also suggests that future research is needed to consider a wider range of social determinants of health when developing health promotion interventions.

The spread of exotic species is considered to be one of the most significant threats to ecosystems and emphasises the need for appropriate management interventions. The majority of marine non-indigenous species (NIS) are believed to have been introduced via ship biofouling and their domestic spread continues to take place via this mechanism. In some countries, biosecurity systems have been developed to prevent the introduction of NIS through biofouling. However, implementing biosecurity strategies is difficult due to the challenges around identifying high-risk vectors. Reliable predictors of risk have remained elusive, in part due to a lack of scientific knowledge. Nonetheless, invasion ecology is an active scientific field that aims to build this knowledge. Propagule pressure is of particular interest in invasion ecology as it describes the quantity and quality of the propagules introduced into a recipient region and is considered to be an important determinant in the successful establishment of NIS. Environmental history affects health and reproductive output of an organism and, therefore, it is beneficial to examine this experimentally in the context of biofouling and propagule pressure. The aim of this thesis was to examine how voyage characteristics influence biofouling recruitment, survivorship, growth, reproduction and offspring performance through the ship invasion pathway. This was to provide fundamental knowledge to assist managers with identifying high-risk vessels that are likely to facilitate the introduction or domestic spread of NIS, and to understand the processes affecting biofouling organisms during long-distance dispersal events. Chapter One provides an introduction to the issues addressed in this thesis. Each data chapter (Chapters Two – Five) then focused on a stage of the invasion process and included field experiments using a model organism, Bugula neritina. Finally, Chapter Six provides a summary of key findings, discussion and the implications to biosecurity management. Throughout this thesis, the effect of donor port residency period on the success of recruits was highlighted. Chapter Two focused on recruitment in the donor region. As expected, recruitment increased with residency period. Importantly, recruitment occurred every day on vulnerable surfaces, therefore, periods as short as only a few days are able to entrain recruits to a vessel hull. The study presented in Chapter Three showed that there was high survivorship of B. neritina recruits during 12 translocation scenarios tested. In particular, the juvenile short-residency recruits (1-8 days) survived voyages of 8 days at a speed of 18 knots; the longest and fastest voyage simulated. Interestingly, variation in voyage speed and voyage duration had no effect on the survivorship of recruits, but did have legacy effects on post-voyage growth. Again, B. neritina which recruited over very short residency periods of 1 day continued to perform well after translocation and had the highest level of reproductive output after the voyage scenarios (Chapter Four). Recruits that were older (32-days) and reproductively mature at the commencement of the scenarios failed to release any propagules. Even though the number of ‘at sea’ and ‘port residency’ days were equal, reproductive output was higher after short and frequent voyages than after long and infrequent voyages. Finally, the study presented in Chapter Five examined transgenerational effects of B. nertina. Results showed that although the environmental history of the parent colony had a carry-over effect on offspring performance, it was the offspring environment that was a stronger determinant of success (measured by reproductive output and growth). Although cross-vector spread is possible (i.e. parent and offspring both fouling an active vessel), offspring released from a hull fouling parent into a recipient environment will perform better. In combination, these studies have provided new insights into NIS transport via vessel biofouling. Although shipping pathways are dynamic and complex, these results suggest that juvenile stages that recruit over short residency periods and are then translocated on short voyages, may pose a higher risk for NIS introduction than originally assumed. This has implications for marine biosecurity management as short residency periods are common and short, frequent voyages are typical of domestic vessel movements which are largely unmanaged.