Orientadores: Ricardo Della Coletta, Ana Lucia Carrinho Ayroza Rangel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T02:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sawazaki-Calone_Iris_D.pdf: 3631303 bytes, checksum: c364dea5f91c7e7903cb384af31b128a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) representa cerca de 95% de todas as neoplasias malignas que acometem a cavidade oral. Rotineiramente o tratamento e prognóstico desta doença são baseados na localização do tumor e no sistema TNM de classificação dos tumores malignos, no entanto há uma grande variação no comportamento biológico entre tumores no mesmo sítio e dentro do mesmo estadio clínico. Diante deste problema, vários sistemas de gradação histopatológica foram propostos para determinar o prognóstico e o plano do tratamento de pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) oral. Este estudo avaliou quatro sistemas de gradação histopatológica ¿ (1) sistema OMS (Organização Mundial de Saúde), (2) sistema MG (gradação de malignidade de margens invasivas profundas), (3) modelo HR (modelo de risco histológico) e (4) escore de risco BD (ninho de células tumorais e profundidade de invasão) ¿ e comparou com dados clínico-patológicos e sobrevida em uma amostra de 113 pacientes com CEC oral primário, excluindo lábios. Os critérios de inclusão foram: pacientes diagnosticados e tratados entre 1998 e 2008, dados clínicos e demográficos completos, tratamento baseado em cirurgia radical com ou sem radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia pós-operatória e disponibilidade de todos os blocos de parafina. Associações significativas com sobrevida na análise univariada foram observadas com todos os sistemas de gradação histopatológica, excetuando o sistema MG. No entanto, aplicando a análise multivariada de COX, apenas o escore de risco BD foi significativamente associado com sobrevida livre de doença como um marcador prognóstico independente. A idade (>56 anos), o tamanho do tumor (estágio T3/T4) e a presença de metástase regional (estágio N+) foram também apontados como marcadores independentes da sobrevida dos pacientes. Nenhuma correlação clara entre os quatro sistemas de gradação foi observada aplicando o teste de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados do presente estudo revelaram uma associação significativa entre o escore de risco BD e a evolução clínica dos pacientes com CEC oral, reforçando a importância deste novo sistema de gradação histopatológica como possível ferramenta prognóstica no pós-operatório / Abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents almost 95% of all malignant tumors that affect the oral cavity. Routinely the treatment and prognosis of this disease are based on its location and in the TNM classification of malignant tumors, however there is a great variation in the biological behavior among tumors at same location and clinical stage. In the view of those difficulties, several histopathological grading systems were proposed in order to determine the prognostic and the treatment plan of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study evaluated four histopathological grading systems ¿ (1) WHO (World Health Organization) system, (2) MG (malignancy grading of the deep invasive margins) system, (3) HR (histological risk ) model and (4) BD (tumor budding and depth of tumor invasion) risk score ¿ and compared with clinicopathological data and survival in a sample of 113 patients with primary OSCC, excluding lips. The inclusion criteria included who were diagnosed and treated from 1998 to 2008, complete demographic and clinical data, treatment based on radical surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and availability of all paraffin-embedded blocks. Significant associations with survival were observed for all histopathological grading systems, with exception of the MG system. However, when multivariate regression analysis was applied, only BD risk score was significantly associated with disease-free survival as an independent prognostic marker. Age (>56 years), tumor size (T3/T4 stage) and presence of regional metastasis (N+ stage) were also independent markers of reduced survival. No clear correlation between the four grading systems was observed applying the Spearman¿s rank test. The results of the present study revealed a significant association between BD risk score and outcome of OSCC patients, reinforcing the importance of this new histopathological grading system as a possible postoperative prognostic tool / Doutorado / Patologia / Doutora em Estomatopatologia

Le nombre de prothèses totales de hanche (PTH) posées en France est en forte augmentation en France depuis plusieurs années : +10% en 4 ans, avec plus de 100 000 poses en 2013. Cette augmentation est liée à la fois au vieillissement de la population et à l’élargissement de la patientèle implantée : les PTH sont posées chez des patients plus jeunes et actifs, et à l’autre extrême, chez des patients de plus en plus âgés, présentant davantage de comorbidités Le volume de pose de PTH, leurs caractéristiques, leur contexte de pose et la population implantée n’ont pas encore été décrits de manière exhaustive en France, contrairement aux pays disposant de registre d’arthroplastie (les pays nordiques et anglo-saxons). L'objectif de ma thèse était d'étudier quels sont les facteurs pronostics de la survie des PTH. La recherche portait sur les caractéristiques des implants, les caractéristiques des patients et les caractéristiques des séjours d’implantation. Les bases de données utilisées sont celles du SNIIRAM de 2006 à 2016, comprenant les remboursements de soins en ville (de 2006 à 2016) et à l’hôpital (de 2006 à 2015) des assurés affiliés à un régime obligatoire de l’assurance maladie. Environ 100 000 PTH sont implantées chaque année en France. La cohorte globale des patients porteurs de prothèse de hanche, implantée de 2006 à 2014 comprend environ un million de patients. Les études de cette thèse ont été conduites sur des cohortes de 100 000 à 300 000 patients, inclus de 2009 à 2012 et suivis jusqu’en 2013 à 2014.Ces études indiquent que les caractéristiques prothétiques, couple de frottement, mode d’ancrage, choix d’un col modulaire, sont associés à la survie de la PTH à court et moyen terme. Il en est de même pour les caractéristiques des patients, âge, sexe, diabète, ainsi que l’exposition à certains médicaments, dont les benzodiazépines. Les caractéristiques du centre dans lequel est implantée la prothèse, en particulier le volume d’activité du chirurgien implanteur, sont associées à la survie prothétique.L’utilisation des bases de données du PMSI permet une surveillance active des PTH et ont permis d’identifier à court terme certains facteurs de risque d’échec de la prothèse. Environ 100 000 patients sont implantés par PTH en France chaque année. La révision prothétique est une intervention à risques, avec des taux de complications per et post-opératoires plus élevés que pour la primo-implantation. Mieux comprendre les facteurs liés à l’échec de la PTH et agir en faveur de la survie prothétique sont donc des enjeux de santé publique. Nos travaux ont pour finalité de faire évoluer les pratiques et encourager les choix techniques les plus favorables pour la survie prothétique, de manière à contribuer à l’amélioration de la santé des patients. / More and more Total Hip Replacement (THR) are performed in France (PTH) these last decades ; a 10% increase in 4 years has been observed, with 100 000 implantations on 2013.This increase can is related to the ageing of the population as well as the expansion of the implanted population: on one side younger and more active patients are now implanted, and on the other side, older patients (more than 80), often with other comorbidities, are now implanted.Le number of implanted THR, their characteristics, the context of implantation et the characteristics of the implanted population in France have never been comprehensively described so far. Some data are available from international registries (from Nordic, British, North American coutries and Australia), but not in France. The aim of my PhD was to study which factors were associated with the THR survivorship. My research covered the characteristics of the implants, of the patients and of the implanting centers.The data we used were from the French National Health Insurance Information System, SNIIRAM (Système National d'Information Inter-Régimes de l'Assurance Maladie) from 2006 to 2016. About 100 000 THR are implanted annually in France; the total cohort of THR implanted patients between 2006 and 2014 comprises about a million subjects. The cohorts studied in my work comprises between 100 000 and 300 000 patients, included between 2009 and 2012 and followed until 2013 to 2014.These cohorts studies showed that the implants characteristics, bearing surface, cementation, choice of a modular neck are associated with the prosthetic survivorship at short and midterm follow-up. We found the same with the patients characteristics, age, sex, diabetes mellitus as well as exposure to drugs such as benzodiazepines. The characteristics if the implanting center are also associated to the prosthetic survivorship, more specifically the volume of activity of the surgeon who performed the hip arthroplasty.The PMSI data are a valuable tool to perform an active surveillance of THR survivorship and using them allowed us to identify several risk factors of revision at short to midterm follow-up. About 100 000 patients receive a THR annually in France and THR revision is a surgical operation far more complicated than primary implantation, with higher complications rate during and post-operation. Being able to identifiy the factors associated with THR revision and being able to take the measures improving the THR survivorship are indeed a major Public health challenges. Our work' purpose is to assess the current practices and to provide evidences to promote technical choices propitious to THR survivorship, to contribute to health quality improvement.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den näst vanligaste cancerformen som kan drabba kvinnor. Utvecklingen av behandlingsmetoder har ökat chansen att överleva och bota bröstcancer under åren. Bröstcancer kan påverka kvinnan både psykiskt och fysiskt. Följderna kan bli psykiskt påfrestande där livskvalitén påverkas negativt. Behandlingar kan leda till ingrepp som ändrar kvinnors utseende och påverkar den levda kroppen. Syfte: Att belysa kvinnors upplevelser efter friskförklaring från bröstcancer  Metod: Studien utfördes med en kvalitativ litteraturöversikt. Resultat: Kvinnor upplevde brister i vården och behövde mer stöd efter sin friskförklaring då effekterna av behandling varade många år efter. Känslor som ångest, övergivenhet och rädsla formade deras vardag. Det påverkade kvinnors självkänsla negativt när de fick leva med en ny kropp efter mastektomin. Konklusion: Kvinnorna upplevde skiftande känslor efter friskförklaring som behöver bemötas av sjuksköterskan för att öka kvinnors välbefinnande. / Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer that affects women. The development of treatment methods has increased the chance of surviving and curing breast cancer over the years. Breast cancer can affect the woman both mentally and physically. The repercussion can be mentally stressful where the quality of life can be adversely affected. Treatments like masectomy can lead to physicall alterations and affect the living body. Purpose: To illiustrate womens experiences of breastcancer survivorship. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative literature review. Result: Women feel a lack of support after survivorship in a declining health care invoirment, because the lasting effects of treatment throughout the years. Emotions such as anxiety, abandonment and fear was a part of their everyday lives. It negativly affected women's self-esteem when they had to live with a new body after the mastectomy. Conclusion: Women continuosily experience interchanging emotions following their survivorship that need to be addressed by nurses in order to increase mental well-being.

Prior research suggests that fear of cancer recurrence is very common among cancer survivors. This study examined the extent to which Protection Motivation Theory variables of threat appraisal and coping appraisal accounted for differences in fear of recurrence and performance of health behaviors in cancer patients who recently completed treatment. It was hypothesized that greater fear of recurrence would be related to a combination of high threat appraisal and low coping appraisal. Also, it was hypothesized that higher rates of health behaviors would be related to higher threat appraisals for cancer recurrence and higher coping appraisals for reducing risk of recurrence by improving diet or exercising. A sample of 155 early-stage breast cancer patients (mean age = 59 years) who completed surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy between 6-24 months previously (mean = 12 months) completed measures of fear of recurrence, threat appraisal (perceived risk and severity of a potential cancer recurrence), fruit and vegetable intake in the past month, exercise for the past week, and coping appraisal (perceived response efficacy and self-efficacy to perform diet and exercise recommendations to reduce recurrence risk). Basic demographic and clinical information was also collected. The study findings supported the hypothesis that the combination of threat and coping appraisal beliefs explain which breast cancer survivors report higher fear of recurrence. However, the observed results did not support the hypothesized interaction between threat and coping appraisal for predicting either diet or exercise habits. Instead, coping appraisal alone predicted both fruit and vegetable consumption and exercise habits. Future research should focus on examining these relationships longitudinally and further assess coping appraisal and how it impacts fear of recurrence.

Antalet potentiella kandidater till en levertransplantation är högre än tillgången till donatorer. En levertransplantation övervägs när transplantationen kan bidra till ökad livskvalitet eller när sjukdomen förväntas ge en kortare livstid än den förväntade generella livslängden hos människan. Syftet var att beskriva erfarenheter hos personer som har genomgått en levertransplantation. En allmän litteraturstudie med deduktiv ansats. Tio resultatartiklar hämtade från två olika databaser som analyserats med en innehållsanalys. Resultatfynden kategoriserades utifrån en modell för överlevnad vid levertransplantation. Kategorierna var fysiskt välbefinnande, psykologiskt välbefinnande, socialt välbefinnande och spirituellt välbefinnande. Att genomgå en levertransplantation påverkade vardagen och den upplevda hälsan hos personer som mottagit en ny lever. Trots känslor av rädsla, oro och nedstämdhet så upplevde personerna ett hopp om en möjlig framtid. En utveckling av modellen för överlevnad vid levertransplantation kan möjliggöra för att den ska kunna implementeras och används som underlag i vården av personer som fått en ny lever i framtiden. Litteraturtudien kan stödja sjuksköterskan i att implementera ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt där patienten får vara delaktig i vården. / The number of potential candidates for a liver transplant is higher than the availability of donors. A liver transplant is considered when the transplant can contribute to increased quality of life or when the disease is expected to have a shorter lifespan than the expected overall life expectancy in humans. The purpose was to describe the experiences of people who have undergone a liver transplant. A general literature study with a deductive approach. Nine articles retrieved from two different databases analyzed with a content analysis. The results were categorized on the basis of a survivorship model in liver transplantation. The categories were physical well-being, psychological well-being, social well-being and spiritual well-being. Undergoing a liver transplant affected the everyday life and perceived health of people who received a new liver. Despite feelings of fear, anxiety and depression, the people experienced hope for a possible future. A development of the model for liver transplantation survivorship can enable for it to be implemented and used as a basis in the care of people who have received a new liver in the future. The literature study can support the nurse in implementing a person-centered approach where the patient can be involved in the care.

No description available.

Improvements in the medical field have given many cancer patients and survivors better odds of long-term survival. As more patients become survivors, the demand for psychological treatment becomes greater. The most prevalent concern of survivors is getting help with a psychosocial condition known as fear of recurrence (FOR). Prior to this study, few researchers had explored how having a more aggressive cancer influences the development of FOR. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether cancer stage and type (a measurement of severity) are predictive of FOR development in the high-risk cancer groups lung and bronchus and female breast. The theoretical framework guiding this research was based on Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness, which states that uncertainties about illness recurrence can cause survivors to experience breakdown in their lives (whether psychological and/or physical). The fear of cancer recurrence inventory (FCRI) survey was administered to 97 lung and bronchus and female breast cancer survivors; the survivors were asked to rate their level of discomfort about the possibility of a cancer recurrence. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that cancer type and severity both impacted the development and severity of FOR in lung and bronchus and female breast cancer survivors. Furthermore, regardless of the cancer type, stage of cancer, age of the survivor, or years in remission, survivors reported clinical levels of FOR in all areas of concern. Practitioners can use the current findings to work towards developing better intervention and treatment programs that promote quality survivorship and reduce the risk and rate of FOR in high risk cancer populations.

Ocean warming and acidification pose major threats to coral reef organisms. It is unknown how the early life history stages of Atlantic corals cope with the combined effects of these two global environmental stressors. Here, I investigate how these stressors influence the fertilization success, larval survivorship, and settlement of the threatened Atlantic coral, Orbicella faveolata. Gametes from O. faveolata were subjected to a factorial combination of present and future scenarios of oceanic temperatures (28.5° C and 30° C) and pH (8.2 and 8.0) predicted to occur by 2050. Results indicate that treatment type did not significantly affect fertilization success. Elevated temperature caused complete larval mortality and inhibited the settlement of O. faveolata. Interestingly, these negative effects of high temperature were partially mitigated when combined with ocean acidification. Overall, both the larval survivorship and settlement in the combined treatment was reduced to approximately half when compared to ambient treatment. Although ocean acidification may partially mitigate the negative effects of ocean warming during the larval stage, the overall reduced survival and settlement of larvae under future oceanic conditions, coupled to reduced calcification in adults, portends devastating effects on the health of this threatened species.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Taxane-induced musculoskeletal pain (TIMP) is musculoskeletal pain that includes myalgia (i.e., diffuse muscle pain, usually accompanied by malaise) and/or arthralgia (i.e., joint pain) that occurs following treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy. TIMP is a symptom that is clinically reported as negatively affecting most cancer survivors receiving taxane-based chemotherapy; however, TIMP is not comprehensively understood. The purpose of this dissertation was to conduct a cross sectional, descriptive, correlational pilot study to describe TIMP in women with ovarian cancer who were being or had been treated with paclitaxel-containing regimens. Specific aims were to: (1) describe the TIMP symptom experience (intensity, distress, duration, location, quality, temporal pattern, aggravating and alleviating factors, and pain management); (2) describe the associations between TIMP (intensity, distress) and co occurring symptoms (pain [general], peripheral neuropathy, impaired sleep, fatigue, emotional distress, and/or hot flashes); and (3) identify associations between TIMP (intensity, distress) and patient-reported outcomes (interference with daily activities, physical functioning, and health-related quality of life). Primary data collection was performed on a convenience sample of 15 women with ovarian cancer. Participants were recruited from an outpatient cancer clinic, local cancer support communities, and a national cancer survivors’ research registry. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlations were used. Findings showed TIMP is moderate to severe in intensity on average, constant, affecting a large area of the body, and aggravated by everyday walking. Greater TIMP intensity or distress was associated with greater intensity and interference of most co-occurring symptoms and was associated with greater interference with daily activities, worse physical functioning, and worse health-related quality of life. Nurses are encouraged to comprehensively assess TIMP using structured, validated tools for pain to better intervene on aggravating and alleviating factors and pain management regimens. Prospective, longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further understand TIMP and its impact on cancer survivors.

No description available.