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<p>This paper examines Hannah Höchs photomontage <em>Schnitt mit dem Küchenmesser Dada durch die letzte weimaren bierbauchkulturepoche Deutschlands</em>. The paper has as its aims to understand and analyze the predominated allegorical interpretation of <em>Schnitt</em> and to develop a logic how meaning is produced when a viewer look at <em>Schnitts</em> surface. The paper finds that the predominated interpretation has been arbitrarily created out of a specific spectator that acts in a specific context and conclude instead that the predominated interpretation should be understood as a potential interpretation by a potential viewer. The paper continues to create an understanding of <em>Schnitt</em> as a flatbed picture to establish that as a postulate and to use it in the later semiotic dissection of <em>Schnitts</em> surface. The paper then semiotically explains how a viewers meaning is produced by creating a chain with <em>Schnitts</em> photographical fragments and connecting these with syntagmatic relations.</p>

This paper examines Hannah Höchs photomontage Schnitt mit dem Küchenmesser Dada durch die letzte weimaren bierbauchkulturepoche Deutschlands. The paper has as its aims to understand and analyze the predominated allegorical interpretation of Schnitt and to develop a logic how meaning is produced when a viewer look at Schnitts surface. The paper finds that the predominated interpretation has been arbitrarily created out of a specific spectator that acts in a specific context and conclude instead that the predominated interpretation should be understood as a potential interpretation by a potential viewer. The paper continues to create an understanding of Schnitt as a flatbed picture to establish that as a postulate and to use it in the later semiotic dissection of Schnitts surface. The paper then semiotically explains how a viewers meaning is produced by creating a chain with Schnitts photographical fragments and connecting these with syntagmatic relations.

ABSTRACT REPRESENTATIONS OF SOCIAL CLASSES IN ARABESK FILMS Avci, &Ouml / zg&uuml / r M.S., Department of Political Science and Public Administration Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Necmi Erdogan August 2004, 248 pages This thesis is an attempt to analyze the narrative structure of arabesk films which were made in the 1970s and the 1980s. Based on the idea that it is the poor/rich dichotomy which is foregrounded as the primary paradigm in arabesk films, this study tries to show how socio-cultural hierarchies are encoded in these films and how their narrative structure motivates the audience to perceive the films from a class perspective. On the basis of a generic background regarding melodramatic texts as well as a historical background as regards how the Turkish melodramas developed in relation to the modernization process in Turkey, this thesis focuses on syntagmatic and paradigmatic structures of arabesk films and offers that these films are primarily, if not exclusively, nourished by and address to a class-based &lsquo / affect&rsquo / (hissiy&acirc / t).

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-17T12:18:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Antonia dos Santos v2.pdf: 654873 bytes, checksum: b153dc0654d46438bc4ec3503b5170a0 (MD5) Tese_Antonia dos Santos v1.pdf: 1239837 bytes, checksum: a8be6cda82c020dc396eefb258d81f57 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-23T18:54:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Antonia dos Santos v2.pdf: 654873 bytes, checksum: b153dc0654d46438bc4ec3503b5170a0 (MD5) Tese_Antonia dos Santos v1.pdf: 1239837 bytes, checksum: a8be6cda82c020dc396eefb258d81f57 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-23T18:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Antonia dos Santos v2.pdf: 654873 bytes, checksum: b153dc0654d46438bc4ec3503b5170a0 (MD5) Tese_Antonia dos Santos v1.pdf: 1239837 bytes, checksum: a8be6cda82c020dc396eefb258d81f57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Este estudo sobre os compostos sintagmáticos nominais com as estruturas VN (Verbo-Nome), NN (Nome-Nome), NA (Nome-Adjetivo), AN (Adjetivo-Nome) e NprepN (Nomepreposição- Nome) na língua portuguesa arcaica, fundamentado em um corpus representativo do ponto de vista da tipologia textual e das sincronias abrangidas (sécs. XIII-XVI), busca contribuir para uma descrição mais abrangente da composição de palavras nesse período da língua, ampliando, dessa forma, o leque de estudos históricos sobre os processos de formação de palavras. Aborda-se, ainda, de forma complementar, alguns lexemas aglutinados registrados nos textos, por tratar-se de antigas justaposições que já constituíam uma unidade semântica e pela importância do papel que essas formas representam no processo de mudança lingüística. No que tange ao tratamento teórico do tema, essas estruturas, em especial NA, AN e NprepN, costumam ser excluídas do âmbito da composição. Nesta tese, contudo, defende-se o seu estatuto legítimo de compostos com base em alguns trabalhos recentes sobre a composição, como o de Ribeiro (2006), e em algumas idéias extraídas do campo da fraseologia. Nesse sentido, adota-se uma perspectiva abrangente do fenômeno compositivo e relaciona-se a aparente realidade heterogênea dos produtos composicionais com a atuação de fatores de fixação e opacificação – sintática e semântica –, o que promove a intersecção entre compostos e outras unidades plurilexicais com caráter nominal, como colocações e expressões idiomáticas, motivando a discussão, neste trabalho, dos conceitos relacionados com esses termos. Antes da descrição e análise dos compostos do português arcaico, busca-se saber que tipo de estrutura – VN, NN, NA, AN e NprepN – está presente na língua latina. Afinal, além dos compostos morfológicos, a língua latina conhecia também os justapostos, estruturas que identificamos com os compostos sintagmáticos do português. A descrição e análise dos compostos observa a caracterização morfológica dos elementos que constituem o composto, a identificação do tipo de relação sintático-semântica que se desenvolve no interior do composto, a leitura sintático-semântica do composto enquanto produto e o seu grau de aproximação ou distanciamento em relação à área léxico-semântica dos constituintes, buscando-se, assim, sistematizar de modo mais coerente a composição sintagmática na língua portuguesa arcaica. / Salvador

La présente étude, faisant objet d’une thèse de doctorat, a trait à l’étude des expressions idiomatiques en lien avec la représentation spatiale en italien. Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier et d’analyser ces expressions idiomatiques dans la langue italienne, en nous intéressant aux implications que cela peut avoir sur la représentation de l’espace en italien. L’étude que nous nous proposons de mener a pour objet la compréhension de ces structures figées en italien et de leurs équivalents en français. L’analyse des effets des expressions idiomatiques dans le discours du langage quotidien, rendue possible par l’élaboration d’un corpus de 25 romans graphiques, a été l’occasion de mieux comprendre la productivité de ces locutions figées. / This study as a doctoral thesis, deals with the analysis of the idiomatic expressions and spatial reference in the Italian and French languages. This research was aimed at describing the meanings of an idiom's element that plays important role in idiom interpretation and use, by raising the question of various non-literal forms evolves with a particular context as graphic novels. This work focuses on a systemic analysis of idiom types, the evidence relating to one major classes of idiom comprehension models: non-composition models, which assume the compositional meanings of phrases and sentences are routinely generated and used in the development of 25 graphic novels; the items are considered as one opportunity to better understand the structure of the idiom.

Sense relations, traditionally regarded as primarily paradigmatic, have been shown to carry syntagmatic implications. The present thesis explores intrasentential synonym co-occurrence in order to identify characteristic patterns of such co-occurrence and to explain it with reference to the functions it performs in discourse. The theoretical part provides an overview of both general treatments of synonymy and the studies that deal with co-occurring synonyms. The analysis itself is based on two hundred and thirty sentences retrieved from the British national corpus that contain pairs of co-occurring adjectival synonyms such as confident-sure, faithful-loyal or brave-courageous. The findings suggest that adjectival synonyms co-occurring in the same sentence are typically coordinated (60% of analysed sentences) in order to signal semantic inclusiveness (e.g. a covetous and grasping man). Minor patterns of synonym co-occurrence, which accounted for 2% of the analysed sentences, include the scalar pattern (e.g. smooth, nearly urbane) and the negated pattern (e.g. cruel, not savage). The remaining sentences featured synonyms which did not form distinct patterns and were, accordingly, classified as instances of variation as their co-occurrence is likely to have been influenced by a desire to avoid...

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-06-14T11:46:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1322019 bytes, checksum: 7f8c2c5383c626c462463e475ed417e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T11:46:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1322019 bytes, checksum: 7f8c2c5383c626c462463e475ed417e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This theoretical basic research develops into an interface between linguistics and psychoanalysis trying to analyse the movements of the unconscious in irony-language-truth joint. Therefore it was attempted to observe in Saussure from the conception of language as a system of signs, the production of meanings such as constitution of truths through the notion of arbitrary, linguistic value and mainly of syntagmatic relations and associations – by Lacanian psychoanalysis which attempted to analyse the production of meaning in metaphor and metonymy movements that resulted on the initiation of unconscious movements. Finally, it was sought to systematize with emphasis on structure’s perspective the production of meanings in the two theories, taking irony as theme of the reflections. It can be deduced that the language operation mode described by Saussure resembles the operation of the unconscious described by Lacan, as movement’s meanings, truths, movements that keep their specificities remaining therefore distinct thou. Consequently, this research provides subsidies for both psychoanalysis and for the language in search of what can be assumed to each other. / Essa pesquisa de base teórica se desenvolve em uma interface entre linguística e psicanálise, buscando analisar os movimentos do inconsciente na articulação ironia-linguagem-verdade. Para tanto, buscou-se observar na linguística saussuriana, a partir da concepção de língua como um sistema de signos, a produção de sentidos, como constituição de verdades, através da noção de arbitrário, de valor linguístico e, principalmente, das relações sintagmáticas e associativas; pela psicanálise lacaniana, buscou-se analisar a produção de sentidos nos movimentos de metáfora e metonímia, como movimentos formadores do inconsciente. Por fim, buscou-se sistematizar, sob o olhar da estrutura, a produção de sentidos nas duas teorias, tomando a ironia como fio condutor das reflexões. Pode-se deduzir que o modo de funcionamento da língua, descrito por Saussure, assemelha-se ao modo de funcionamento do inconsciente descrito por Lacan, como movimentos constituidores de sentidos, de verdades, embora sejam movimentos que guardam suas especificidades, permanecendo, portanto, distintos. Espera-se, portanto, com essa pesquisa fornecer subsídios tanto para a psicanálise quanto para a linguística, na busca do que pode dizer uma para a outra.

There are different types of psycholinguistic approaches which attempt to examine the quality and the organization of the human mental lexicon; the word association experiment is one of them. The word association experiment can be used to probe the development of human vocabulary. The current investigation was carried out in order to trace the influence of the cultural background and L2 knowledge on the mental lexicon of the undergraduate Pakistani L2 learners of English. It was hypothesized that the individual‟s culture and knowledge of L2 bear direct relation with their mental lexicon. Influenced by the culture, they may connect different words with attitudinal bonds, whereas L2 knowledge is accountable for the growth of vocabulary. The motivation stems from the fact that none of the previous studies has targeted Pakistani L2 learners for the word association test in order to investigate their mental lexicon. The data was gathered through a word association test. The results supported the hypothesis. A considerable amount of attitudinal responses emerged in their responses, and the number of paradigmatic responses found in the data was the highest of all. Therefore, it was concluded that Pakistani L2 learners‟ vocabulary was considerably influenced by their cultural milieu due to the presence of attitudinal responses to the stimulus words, and their vocabulary is patterning toward native-like since the number of paradigmatic relations with the stimulus words was the highest of other types of relations. The findings carry important implications for didactics.

This study sought to critically investigate the contribution of the ordinary people in the creation of a language policy and its subsequent implementation in Zimbabwe. The study was prompted by the realisation of the near-absence of a coherent language policy framework in Zimbabwe. The language policy situation in Zimbabwe is not clearly stated. A hotch-potch of statutes support the status, creation and implementation of languages that are spoken by the citizens of the country. The country’s supreme law, the constitution is silent about the necessity of a broad-based language policy in Zimbabwe. Only three languages Shona, Ndebele and English are considered to be major in a country with 16 known languages. This situation does not support the development of languages particularly the indigenous languages. Indigenous languages are not considered as a suitable medium of instruction from the third year of primary schooling up to tertiary level. Indigenous languages play a critical role in culture, economics and politics. The study argued that ordinary people have creative ways of contributing to the development of a language policy because these people are constantly creating new words and vocabulary that they implement in their day to day struggle with nature and other social classes. Authorities in Zimbabwe are yet to view the role of indigenous languages in development as a cornerstone of socio-economic and political progress. African languages, particularly the Shona language that was the main unit of analysis in this study revealed its capacity to handle complex ideas. It was recommended that when Shona and other indigenous languages are accorded the status of official languages of the country and then provided with the financial resources and linguistic expertise to develop them then, a coherent language policy can become a living reality in Zimbabwe. / Africam Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)