Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti komandinio darbo svarbą bei ištirti socialinių darbuotojų vaidmenį, Kauno miesto, rajono ir apskrities, psichikos sveikatos centruose. Darbo uždaviniai: 1) įvertinti psichikos sveikatos centrų darbuotojų nuomonę apie komandinį darbą ir socialinių darbuotojų įtraukimą į jį; 2) įvertinti psichikos sveikatos centrų darbuotojų nuomonę apie socialinių darbuotojų vaidmenį ir jų atliekamas funkcijas; 3) ištirti kaip psichikos sveikatos centrų socialiniai darbuotojai vertina komandinį darbą ir savo vaidmenį jame. Tyrimo metodika. Kiekybinis tyrimas. Anoniminės anketos pagalba 2013 m. gruodžio mėn. – 2014 m. vasario mėn. buvo apklausti Kauno miesto, jo rajono ir apskrities, psichikos sveikatos centruose dirbantys specialistai. Išdalinta 110 anketų, tinkamomis analizei pripažintos 102 anketos (atsako dažnis – 77,3 proc.). Hipotezės apie dviejų požymių nepriklausomumą buvo tikrinamos naudojant Chi-kvadrato kriterijų, hipotezė apie dviejų nepriklausomų imčių proporcijų lygybę buvo tikrinama naudojant z – kriterijų. Kokybinis tyrimas. Buvo naudojamas pusiau struktūruotas interviu metodas, atlikta duomenų analizė. Buvo apklausti 6 socialiniai darbuotojai, ne trumpiau kaip 1 metus, dirbantys psichikos sveikatos centruose. Rezultatai. Komandinio darbo efektyvumą gerai vertina 50 proc. respondentų. Respondentai, kurie komandinio darbo efektyvumą vertina gerai ir puikiai dažniau nurodo, kad komandinis darbas vyksta visada arba dažnai (93,8 proc.), lyginant su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objective of the work. To assess the importance of the team work and to analyze the role of social workers in the mental health centres in Kaunas city, region and district. Tasks of the work: 1) to evaluate the opinion of the employees of mental health centres about the team work and involvement of social workers into it; 2) to evaluate the opinion of the employees of mental health centres about the role and functions of social workers; 3) to analyze, how the social workers of mental health centres see their team work and their role in it. Research methodology. Quantitative research. The anonymous questionnaires were used in December 2013-February 2014 to survey the specialists working in the mental health centres in Kaunas city, region and district. 110 questionnaires were distributed and 102 questionnaires were recognized as suitable for analysis (the response rate – 77.3%). The hypotheses about independence of two variables were checked using the Chi-square criterion, while the hypothesis about equal proportion of two independent samples was checked using the z criterion. Qualitative research. The semi-structured interview was used and the data were analyzed. Six social workers, who have been working in mental health centres for at least one year, were surveyed. Results. The effectiveness of team work was evaluated well by 50 % of respondents. The respondents, who evaluated the effectiveness of team work as good and excellent, indicate that the team work is carried out... [to full text]

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A presente dissertação teve como objetivo investigar as representações sociais do trabalho em equipe na Marinha do Brasil. A fundamentação teórica do trabalho foi proporcionada pela perspectiva psicossocial das representações sociais de S. Moscovici, com ênfase sobre a abordagem estrutural complementar devida a J-C. Abric. Quanto à parte empírica, aplicou-se numa etapa exploratória a técnica do grupo focal. Numa etapa seguinte, aplicou-se conjuntamente um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas e uma técnica de evocação livre a cento e trinta e nove militares, pertencentes aos círculos de Suboficiais e Sargentos, de Oficiais Intermediários e Subalternos e de Oficiais Superiores, oriundos da Força de Superfície e da Força de Submarinos. Os resultados revelaram a presença de diferentes representações sociais do trabalho em equipe entre Oficiais e Praças, e também entre as Forças Operativas pesquisadas. Foi evidenciado que, pelo fato da liderança ser o conteúdo central das representações sociais de equipe na MB, existe uma resistência por parte de todos os grupos pesquisados em formar equipes mais autônomas, apesar de as condutas de lideranças estarem voltadas para o incentivo de opiniões e valorização das participações dos integrantes da equipe. / The objective of this paper is to investigate social representation of team work in the brazilian Navy. The theorical bases of this paper was given by the psychosocial perspective of social representation theory created by S. Moscovici with emphasis on the structural approach of J. C. Abric. As to the empirical part, it was adopted the focal group technique. After that, it was applied a questionnaire with open and closed questions and a free evocation technique to a hundred and thirty nine militaries that belong to Lower Ranks, Intermediate and Superior Officer levels of the Surface and Submarine Forces. The results revealed different social representation of team work between Officers and Lower Ranks and also between the Operational Forces researched. It was proved that, due to the fact that leader ship is the central core of social representation of team work in the Brazilian Navy, theres a resistance to make teams more autonomous although leaders stimulate their staff to express opinions and value participation in team work.

Em certas atividades de serviços, a intangibilidade do que está sendo produzido, as especificidades de cada cliente-usuário e sua possível participação na concepção ou na produção da solução, são algumas das características que aumentam a complexidade e a variabilidade dos processos produtivos. A intangibilidade refere-se à condição imaterial daquilo que se produz, fazendo emergir a necessidade de que a solução seja idealizada pelos envolvidos em seu desenvolvimento, tornando mais complexos os processos de especificação do serviço, de planejamento do trabalho, de mensuração de desempenho e de avaliação da qualidade. Em serviços realizados por equipes multiprofissionais, o desafio de fazer convergir as diferentes visões sobre o que deve ser produzido torna-se ainda maior, uma vez que as percepções dos seus integrantes são condicionadas aos respectivos campos de conhecimento e experiências. Quando a cooperação do usuário é necessária para o desenvolvimento do serviço, torna-se fundamental oferecer a ele condições que facilitem sua atuação, e a responsabilidade por inserir o usuário no processo produtivo recai sobre os profissionais que o atendem, implicando em uma carga adicional de trabalho e maior dependência da relação de serviço. Por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos realizado com seis equipes multiprofissionais dos serviços de saúde pública da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as condições organizacionais que podem favorecer o trabalho em grupo frente aos desafios decorrentes da intangibilidade do objeto de trabalho e da participação do usuário no processo produtivo. Nesse contexto, observamos que os profissionais das equipes ESF apresentam dificuldades em identificar os limites de responsabilidade e de atuação sobre os problemas, dificuldades para coordenar o trabalho, dificuldades relativas à inadequação de recursos e de processos de apoio necessários à adequada participação do usuário, além de desgastes emocionais. Os resultados apontam que o trabalho das equipes é favorecido pela frequente e contínua interação entre os envolvidos, pela disseminação do conceito de serviço, pela definição de papéis dos profissionais e dos usuários na relação de serviço, pelo estabelecimento / In certain service activities, the intangibility of what is being produced, the particularities of each client/user and their possible contribution to the creation or production of a solution are some of the characteristics that increase the complexity and variability of productive processes. Intangibility refers to the immaterial condition of that which is produced, bringing about the need for a solution to be designed by those involved with its development, and increasing the complexity of service specification processes, work planning, performance measurement and quality assessment. In multi-professional or multi-disciplinary teams, the challenge of enabling different views to converge towards what must be produced becomes increasingly greater, as participants perceptions are conditioned to their respective fields of knowledge and to the different professional experiences. When the cooperation of users is required to develop the service, it is essential that they are provided conditions that allow them to perform. Moreover, the responsibility for the inclusion of users in the productive process lies with professionals who serve such users, implying an additional work load and greater dependence on the service relationship. A multiple case study was performed with six multi-professional teams from the public health services of the Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF Family Health Strategy), aiming to identify the organizational conditions that can promote group work, when facing the challenges resulting from the intangibility of the object of work and from the participation of users in the productive process. In this context, ESF team professionals were found to have difficulties in identifying the limits of their responsibility for and action with regard to problems, difficulties in coordinating the work, difficulties concerning the inadequacy of resources and support processes required for adequate user participation, in addition to emotional strains. The results of this study indicate that team work can be promoted by the frequent and constant interaction among participants, dissemination of the service concept, definition of roles of professionals and users in the service relationship, establishment of a connection with users, and stability of professionals in the teams.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brunetti_gc_me_arafcl.pdf: 400816 bytes, checksum: b1d2269d51a0fc06925b7b68eb753c2d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as repercussões da inserção da faixa etária de 6 anos no ensino fundamental sobre o trabalho docente. Para isso, a pesquisa foi realizada no município de Araraquara, interior do estado de São Paulo, no qual esse atendimento foi previsto desde o ano de 2.002 pela implantação da Escola Interativa. Ao considerar a ausência de investimentos na formação e preparação dos docentes, bem como, da participação dos mesmos na elaboração e na implantação de medidas políticas, esta pesquisa pressupõe que as repercussões dessas medidas sobre o trabalho dos professores os mobilizem na busca de referências para reorganizar suas práticas. Assim, visando identificar e analisar os possíveis desafios e as iniciativas dos professores com essa mudança, tomou-se como referência as manifestações de um grupo constituído por três docentes que, ao estabelecer uma atuação em parceria para organizar o trabalho, vem obtendo bons resultados com os alunos. Tratando-se de uma pesquisa empírica, os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram: análise documental de referenciais norteadores da proposta, observação semi-estruturada de atividades pedagógicas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas feitas coletivamente com o grupo de professoras. Subsidiaram esta pesquisa estudos de Sampaio (2.002), Marin e Guarnieri (2.002), Ferreira (2.002) e Guilherme (2.002) para a abordagem dos desafios postos ao professores com a implantação de medidas políticas; Giovanni (2.003) para a abordagem das iniciativas promovidas pelas professoras para saná-los e Sacristán (1.998) no que tange a configuração de um currículo elaborado pelo grupo de docentes para o atendimento das classes de 6 anos no ensino fundamental... / The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects on the teacher work of the legislation that establishes the insertion of 6 year-old students in the elementary school. The study was carried out in Araraquara, São Paulo State, where this agegroup was attended since 2002 at the Interactive School. Taking into account the lack of investment in the formation and preparation of teachers as well as their limited action towards the elaboration and implementation of educational politics, the hypothesis of this research is that the repercussions of this legislation can mobilize them to search for approaches to reorganize their work. Thus, aiming to identify and analyze the challenges brought by this politics to the teacher work, the study was based on a group of three teachers that are working as a team and are obtaining good results with the pupils. Considering the empirical character of the research, the following methodologies were adopted: documental analysis of main references supporting the proposal, half-structured observation of pedagogical activities and half-structured interview collectively applied to a group of teachers. The evaluation of the challenges coming from the new legislation was based on Sampaio (2002), Marin and Guarnieri (2002), Ferreira (2002) and Guilherme (2002). The strategies proposed by the teachers to overcome the difficulties were evaluated according to Giovanni (2002). Finally, Sacristán (2002) was the main reference to subsidize a group of teachers in the elaboration of a curriculum for 6 year-old pupils in elementary school. The research data was organized in three blocks for analysis. The first one was based on the output of teachers about the proposal of the Interactive School and its implementation process; the second one was related to the organization of pedagogical practical in the school; and the third one considered the configurations and the... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

A presente dissertação teve como objetivo investigar as representações sociais do trabalho em equipe na Marinha do Brasil. A fundamentação teórica do trabalho foi proporcionada pela perspectiva psicossocial das representações sociais de S. Moscovici, com ênfase sobre a abordagem estrutural complementar devida a J-C. Abric. Quanto à parte empírica, aplicou-se numa etapa exploratória a técnica do grupo focal. Numa etapa seguinte, aplicou-se conjuntamente um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas e uma técnica de evocação livre a cento e trinta e nove militares, pertencentes aos círculos de Suboficiais e Sargentos, de Oficiais Intermediários e Subalternos e de Oficiais Superiores, oriundos da Força de Superfície e da Força de Submarinos. Os resultados revelaram a presença de diferentes representações sociais do trabalho em equipe entre Oficiais e Praças, e também entre as Forças Operativas pesquisadas. Foi evidenciado que, pelo fato da liderança ser o conteúdo central das representações sociais de equipe na MB, existe uma resistência por parte de todos os grupos pesquisados em formar equipes mais autônomas, apesar de as condutas de lideranças estarem voltadas para o incentivo de opiniões e valorização das participações dos integrantes da equipe. / The objective of this paper is to investigate social representation of team work in the brazilian Navy. The theorical bases of this paper was given by the psychosocial perspective of social representation theory created by S. Moscovici with emphasis on the structural approach of J. C. Abric. As to the empirical part, it was adopted the focal group technique. After that, it was applied a questionnaire with open and closed questions and a free evocation technique to a hundred and thirty nine militaries that belong to Lower Ranks, Intermediate and Superior Officer levels of the Surface and Submarine Forces. The results revealed different social representation of team work between Officers and Lower Ranks and also between the Operational Forces researched. It was proved that, due to the fact that leader ship is the central core of social representation of team work in the Brazilian Navy, theres a resistance to make teams more autonomous although leaders stimulate their staff to express opinions and value participation in team work.

The main object of this thesis is to consider the importance of communication and operation of work teams. In the first part of my thesis I have concentrated on the theme of communication in general, on the problem of communication in organization and upon the role of management in finding the solutions to these communication problems. The next part of this thesis is focused upon the theme of work teams, specifically the problem with their formation, the importance of team roles and also about the barriers which are encounter by the operation of these teams. The practical part of my thesis is deals with the company ESSOX s.r.o.. The object of interviews, that have occured there, was to do some subjective evaluation of the level of communication within this company and consider if this company works really in teams. The resulting outcome of this investigation is that this company has some major communication problems. These deficiencies don{\crq}t have any specific relevant character. In other words, it means that this company turns to the matter of team work. My recommendations have been given at the end of this thesis. That mission is to give instructions as to how to make the team work more effectively.

Diplomová práca sa zameriava na vytvorenie návrhu motivačného program v spoločnosti FlatEarth. Návrh tohoto programu sa odvíja od výsledkov výskumu uskutočneného v športových teamoch a medzi bývalými zamestnancami spoločnosti FlatEarth.

Bakgrund: Operationssjuksköterskan har en skyddad yrkestitel som innebär specifikt ansvar för patienten både före, under och efter det kirurgiska ingreppet. Ansvaret formuleras i kärnkompetenserna i kompetensbeskrivning för specialistsjuksköterska inom operationssjukvård. Syfte: Att beskriva operationssjuksköterskors upplevelser av att arbeta på operationssalen. Metod: En kvalitativ metod användes där fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med operationssjuksköterskor med minst ett års yrkeserfarenhet. Datamaterialet analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i ett övergripande tema: Operationssjuksköterskans arbete präglas av att omväxlande fokusera på helhet och delar, samt tre kategorier; att arbeta i team, att hitta sin plats och att ha patienten i fokus. Konklusion: Studien visade att kontinuitet i teamets sammansättning har betydelse för hur väl kommunikation och samarbete fungerar under en operation. Väl inarbetade team medför ett effektivare och kvalitativt bättre arbete och en säkrare vård för patienten. / Background: The operating theater nurse has a protected work title that includes specific responsibilities for the patient before, during and after the surgical procedure. The aim: The aim of the study was to describe operating theater nurses’ experiences of working in the operating theater. Method: A qualitative method was used, five semi-structured interviews were made with operating theater nurses that have worked at least one year in the profession. The data was analysed with qualitative content analysis. Result: The analysis resulted in one overarching theme: The work of the operating theater nurse is characterized by continually changing focus between the whole and its parts, and three categories; To work in a team, To find one's place and To focus on the patient. Conclusion: The study showed that team continuity has an impact on how well the communication and teamwork works during a surgical procedure. Teams that often work together will result in a more effective process, a better quality of the outcome and a safer care of the patient.

A major challenge facing managers in current organizations is an increasingly diverse workforce (Jehn, Lindred, & Rupert, 2008). Diversity, “a characteristic of a social grouping that reflects the degree to which there are objective or subjective differences between people within the group” (Van Knippenberg & Schippers, 2007, p. 519), refers to an almost infinite number of dimensions of differences between group members, ranging from differences in age to nationality, from religious background to personality, from work skills to emotions (Van Knippenberg, De Dreu, & Homan, 2004). Until recently, the diversity field had been dominated by the main effects approach and thus mainly examined whether diversity has negative or positive effects on team outcomes. Typically, researchers draw on two seemingly contradictory theoretical perspectives to answer this question (see Williams & O'Reilly, 1998). The “value in diversity” perspective (Cox, Lobel, & Mcleod, 1991) proposes that diversity may improve team functioning due to an increased variety of knowledge, expertise, and opinions. An opposing, pessimistic perspective posits that diversity may result in social divisions and negative intra-group processes, which may detract from team functioning (Mannix & Neale, 2005). Despite the intuitive sense that both approaches make, two decades of research has resulted in highly inconsistent findings and corroborated the conclusion that the main effects approach is unable to account for the effects of diversity adequately (Bowers, Pharmer, & Salas, 2000). Consequently, researchers have recently begun to explore the question of whether, and how, the perspectives on the effects of diversity can be reconciled and integrated (Van Knippenberg et al., 2004). Prominent attempts to answer this question mainly rely on contingency models (e.g., Wegge, 2003), proposing that whether diversity results in negative or positive outcomes depends upon several moderators. The research agenda set by such models informs the major part of research efforts in the field. Indeed, the contingency approach has proved useful for the purpose of integrating past contradicting findings and advancing knowledge of the moderators and mediators underlying the effects of diversity. However, despite these notable theoretical developments, current research is still limited in its ability to capture the rich and wide-ranging influence of diversity in the workplace. This dissertation identifies two main sources for this weakness. First, the majority of diversity research regards diversity as an isolated phenomenon that occurs only on a single organizational level. Cross-level influences of diversity, however, are largely ignored. Second, despite the richness that the contingency approach has added to the study of diversity, it has not changed the fundamental goal guiding this field: examining the relationship between diversity and work outcomes. I shall argue that diversity research has so far overlooked other aspects of the influence of diversity and that it can benefit from turning into new and unexplored avenues. In particular, diversity research may benefit from examining team diversity in roles other than the independent variable, and especially explore the influence of diversity as a context (i.e., moderating) variable. Thus, in an attempt to overcome these two limitations, the overarching aim of this dissertation is to extend previous work by reassessing the role of diversity. In particular, this dissertation illustrates the empirical and theoretical usefulness of conceptualizing diversity as a cross-level moderator and explores the ways in which team diversity sets the context and influences work phenomena across organizational levels. Study 1 explored the cross-level relationship between organizational tenure and employee performance in a prospective design. It was found that employee tenure, team leader tenure, and team tenure diversity exert positive effects on employee performance. Additional finding, a three-way interaction between employee tenure, team tenure diversity, and team leader tenure on employee performance, suggests that the positive effect of employee tenure on performance is weaker when either team tenure diversity or team leader tenure or both are high. The hypotheses were tested using multi-level modeling and an objective measure of employee performance with a sample of 1767 employees and 256 leaders in intact working teams of a large financial services firm. The findings suggest that team diversity grants organizational tenure its meaning, thereby determining to what extent the benefits associated with organizational tenure will unfold. Study 2 further examined the empirical and theoretical usefulness of conceptualizing team diversity as a cross-level moderator. Particularly, the relationship between gender diversity in teams and individual-level health symptoms of men and women was examined in two consecutive years in 220 natural work teams (N 1st year = 4538; N 2nd year=5182). In an attempt to account for inconsistencies in the literature regarding the relationship between gender and health symptoms, I examined this relationship from a multilevel perspective. As expected, it was found that individual-level gender was not related to health symptoms but that team gender diversity determined this relationship. Specifically, while there were no individual-level differences between men and women in health symptoms, it was found that women report more health symptoms as the proportion of female employees in the team increased. In contrast, men’s self-reported health symptoms remained invariant with team gender diversity changes. These findings were found stable across two measurement points, over two years. Finally, Study 3 examined the role that subjective team diversity plays in facilitating affective linkages (i.e., the convergence of affect among team members over time) within teams. The results of Study A (170 employees in 33 Israeli teams) provide evidence that affective linkages among team members were moderated by perceived team diversity such that the linkages were stronger in teams with lower perceived diversity. Study B (304 employees in 61 German teams) replicated the findings of Study A and extended them by including an additional moderator, team identification. Using hierarchical linear modeling, it was found that team identification moderated the influence of perceived diversity on affective linkages. The most striking contribution that all three studies offer is a strong support for the usefulness of conceptualizing diversity as a cross-level moderator. Particularly, in Study 1 team tenure diversity determined whether and to what extent the positive effects of organizational tenure on individual performance might be realized. In Study 2, gender diversity determined the relationship between individual gender and health. Finally, in Study 3, perceived diversity influenced the strength of affective linkages in teams. The three studies are also consistent in illustrating the theoretical usefulness of conceptualizing team diversity as a context variable. To be exact, the current approach integrates the micro domain's focus on individuals with the macro domain's focus on groups. The result is a richer portrait of organizational life—one that acknowledges the influence of the team context on individuals' actions and perceptions. In sum, the findings demonstrate that viewing team diversity as a moderator broadens the focus of diversity research, illuminates new roles of team diversity, draws a richer and more complex portrait of other work phenomena, and opens new horizons for diversity research.