While all industries that handle valuable data have been subject to increasing levels of cyber attack, there is a set of inter-related factors in the law firm cyber security ecosystem that makes such firms more susceptible to attack and also serves to prevent them from taking action to counteract attack vulnerability. As a result of the inter-related external and internal factors affecting law firm cyber security, the human element of firm security infrastructure has been neglected, thereby making humans, at once law firms’ greatest asset, their main cyber security weakness. 1There has been some movement of late, and regulators and clients alike are right to demand law firms do more to improve their cyber security posture.2 However, much of the scrutiny to which their conduct has been subjected has tended to overlook the complexities of the law firm cyber security quagmire, and unless these issues are addressed in the context of a potential solution, meaningful change is not While all industries that handle valuable data have been subject to increasing levels of cyber attack, there is a set of inter-related factors in the law firm cyber security ecosystem that makes such firms more susceptible to attack and also serves to prevent them from taking action to counteract attack vulnerability. As a result of the inter-related external and internal factors affecting law firm cyber security, the human element of firm security infrastructure has been neglected, thereby making humans, at once law firms’ greatest asset, their main cyber security weakness. 1There has been some movement of late, and regulators and clients alike are right to demand law firms do more to improve their cyber security posture.2 However, much of the scrutiny to which their conduct has been subjected has tended to overlook the complexities of the law firm cyber security quagmire, and unless these issues are addressed in the context of a potential solution, meaningful change is not While all industries that handle valuable data have been subject to increasing levels of cyber attack, there is a set of inter-related factors in the law firm cyber security ecosystem that makes such firms more susceptible to attack and also serves to prevent them from taking action to counteract attack vulnerability. As a result of the inter-related external and internal factors affecting law firm cyber security, the human element of firm security infrastructure has been neglected, thereby making humans, at once law firms’ greatest asset, their main cyber security weakness. 1There has been some movement of late, and regulators and clients alike are right to demand law firms do more to improve their cyber security posture.2 However, much of the scrutiny to which their conduct has been subjected has tended to overlook the complexities of the law firm cyber security quagmire, and unless these issues are addressed in the context of a potential solution, meaningful change is not likely. Part 1 of this paper outlines the current threat landscape and details the integral role of human error in successful cyber breaches before turning to discuss recent cyber security incidents involving law firms. In Part 2, we analyse elements of law firm short-termism and the underregulation of law firm cyber security conduct and how these, when combined, play a key role in shaping law firm cyber security posture. Finally, in Part 3 we outline a realistic solution, incorporating principles from behavioural science and modern technological developments.

In contrast to as in other jurisdictions, such as the United States or the UK, out-of-court legal services in Germany are strictly regulated by a statute, the Legal Services Act, which came into force nearly a decade ago and superseded the former Legal Counsel Act (Rechtsberatungsgesetz). According to this act, out-of-court legal services must be expressly permitted and are, in principle, reserved to lawyers. Consequently, there are certain legal restrictions for tech providers offering legal services in Germany that must be observed. The following article deals with the scope and limits for offering legal services by legal tech providers in Germany according to the German Legal Services Act. The author explains why some legal tech business solutions offering legal services may be in conflict with this act, which is a significant issue of compliance for both legal tech start-ups and their investors. Entrepreneurs, stakeholders of legal tech start-ups and capital investors should weigh the economic opportunities and legal risks carefully before placing a legal tech start-up on the German market.

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Bristen på arbetskraft inom tech-branschen skapar en konkurrens bland tech- rekryterare om tech-talanger. Tech-rekrytering skiljer sig ofta från mer traditionella rekryteringsprodecurer. Istället för ett arbetssätt där den sökande själv skickar in ansökan behöver tech-rekryterare använda uppsökande metoder. Kunskapsintresset i denna uppsats är att studera rekrytering och särskilt relationen mellan rekryterare och talang utifrån ett lärandeperspektiv. Studien kompletterar tidigare studier eftersom den empiriskt studerar både rekryterares och talangers upplevelser av rekryteringsprocesser. Genom att använda ett situerat perspektiv på lärande, samt teorier om socialisering, identitetsdilemman, kommunikativa dilemman och karriärsprocesser, har studien fokuserat på lärande-, socialisation- och karriärsprocesser vid tech-rekrytering. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och har använt en tvärsnittsdesign, där åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med yrkesverksamma tech-rekryterare och tech-talanger från sju organisationer. Resultatet visar att tech-rekryterarna och tech-talangerna har förflyttat sig i karriären för att få bättre villkor till lärande. I tech-rekryterarnas karriär visade sig deras första arbete inom tech-rekrytering bidragit med grundläggande kunskaper för yrket. Det första arbetet framstår även vara centralt för att stanna kvar inom rekryteringsyrket eftersom det bland annat väckt ett intresse och förståelse hos rekryterarna för teknik och rekrytering. Resultatet visade att tech-talangerna från början i deras karriär haft en kompetensutvecklingsstrategi som varit att arbeta på bolag där de får utföra kvalitativa arbetsuppgifter och med seniora kollegor. Resultatet visade att såväl tech-rekryterarna som tech-talangerna fortsatt sin karriärsresa och upplevt bättre villkor till lärande i takt med sina förflyttningar i karriären. En central del i resultatet visade även att rekryterarna och talangerna upplever olika dilemman kopplade till rekryteringsprocessen och i relationen till varandra, vilka är: kontaktdilemman, snabbhets- och maktdilemman och bedömningsdilemman. / The lack of labor in the tech industry contributes to a struggle among tech-recruiters for tech-talent. Tech recruitment often differs from more traditional recruitment procedures. Instead of a way of working where the applicant submits an application, tech-recruiters need to use outreach methods. The interest in knowledge in this thesis is to study recruitment and especially the relationship between recruiters and talent from a learning perspective. The study complements previous studies because it empirically studies both tech-recruiters and tech-talents experiences of recruitment processes. Using a situated perspective on learning, as well as theories of socialization, identity dilemmas, communicative dilemmas and career processes, the study have focused on learning, socialization and career processes in tech recruitment. The study has a qualitative approach and has used a cross-sectional design, where eight semi-structured interviews have been conducted with professional tech-recruiters and tech-talents from seven organizations. The findings show that tech-recruiters and tech-talents have moved in their careers to get better conditions for learning. In the career of tech-recruiters, their first job in tech-recruitment proved to have contributed with basic knowledge of the profession. Their first job also seems to be central to staying in the recruitment profession because it has aroused an interest and understanding among the recruiters for technology and recruitment. The findings showed that the tech-talents from the beginning of their careers had a skills development strategy that has been to work at companies where they can perform qualitative tasks and with senior colleagues. The findings showed that both tech-recruiters and the tech-talents continued their career journey and experienced better conditions for learning in step with their career shifts. A central part of the findings also showed that recruiters and talents experience different dilemmas linked to the recruitment process and the relationship to each other, which are: the contact dilemma, the speed and power dilemma and the assessment dilemma.

The study has two objectives: to develop a methodology to identify success criteria for the VT CRC and to communicate outputs (success criteria) to selected members of the VT CRC’s stakeholders. A methodology is developed to identify success criteria based on the VT CRC's primary objectives. These primary objectives are: technology transfer and economic development. The purposes of a methodology are to place the VT CRC within the framework of Virginia Tech's larger missions and then to identify success criteria. A methodology consists of seven steps. There are thirteen success criteria which have been identified by a methodology. A methodology is based on management systems engineering theories, concepts, and tools/techniques. The study communicates outputs from a methodology by a questionnaire. Questionnaires will be sent to twelve selected members who are from the VT CRC, the university, tenants, and Town of Blacksburg. Their responses will be analyzed to decide whether these outputs are success criteria for the VT CRC and whether a methodology accomplishes its purposes. Furthermore, a background of Virginia Tech and a concept of university-related research parks will be discussed. Included in a discussion of Virginia Tech are missions, a modern view of a land-grant university, and roles of the Virginia Tech Foundation. Included in a discussion of research parks are purposes, benefits, and drawbacks. / Master of Science

The aim of my master's thesis is to assess the influence of research support of European Union on location and competitiveness of European high-tech industry. After defining high-tech industry according to OECD and ČSÚ (Czech statistical office) follows a part dealing with different forms of support of EU for high-tech industry, while the focus is also on volume and efficiency of invested money. I try to analyze the location with regard to European support and Porter's diamond theory. Since high-tech industry is usually concentrated in clusters, which are rather abundant in Europe as well, the focus is only on a few selected regions. Last part compares European competitiveness with that of other OECD members and developing countries based on data from OECD and Eurostat.

<p>From having relied on its employees in the interaction with customers, the service industry now move towards an increased adoption of technology to enhance the value of the service</p><p>offering to the customer. This development has also reached the public transport sector which is traditionally seen as low-tech.</p><p>In this study we investigate how the customers experience the use of high-tech supporting services within a low-tech context. The case that is used is the city-bus transport provider Karlstadsbuss who provide a high-tech supporting service called Live, which delivers realtime information on bus departures through a website, a WAPsite, and electronic boards at certain bus stops.</p><p>Focused group interviews were used to get in-dept information from commuters of how they perceive Live. Results show that respondents do not use Live website or WAPsite because the information is not worth the effort of use. Commuters question the service because many</p><p>buses do not run according to the Live-schedule. Still the commuters say they benefit from Live because it contributes alternative ways of finding departure times, and it presents an overview of departure options. However, if the information is in real-time or not is of</p><p>secondary importance.</p>

From having relied on its employees in the interaction with customers, the service industry now move towards an increased adoption of technology to enhance the value of the service offering to the customer. This development has also reached the public transport sector which is traditionally seen as low-tech. In this study we investigate how the customers experience the use of high-tech supporting services within a low-tech context. The case that is used is the city-bus transport provider Karlstadsbuss who provide a high-tech supporting service called Live, which delivers realtime information on bus departures through a website, a WAPsite, and electronic boards at certain bus stops. Focused group interviews were used to get in-dept information from commuters of how they perceive Live. Results show that respondents do not use Live website or WAPsite because the information is not worth the effort of use. Commuters question the service because many buses do not run according to the Live-schedule. Still the commuters say they benefit from Live because it contributes alternative ways of finding departure times, and it presents an overview of departure options. However, if the information is in real-time or not is of secondary importance.

Compte tenu du taux d’échec élevé qu’enregistrent bon nombre d’opérations de fusions & acquisitions (F&A), le transfert des connaissances semble être un facteur déterminant dans le processus d’intégration entre les entreprises qui fusionnent. La littérature empirique sur le transfert de connaissances dans les F&A tend à se répartir en deux catégories distinctes : d’une part, les études "macro" (au niveau inter-organisationnel) et d’autre part, les études "micro" (au niveau de l’individu). Or, il est possible de noter qu’au cours des dernières années, une troisième catégorie récente a fait son apparition, qui axe son analyse sur les dimensions "soft" (au niveau collectif). Ce clivage limite la portée et la capacité explicative des études empiriques sur les facteurs de succès et d’échec du transfert de connaissances. Pour combler ce manque d’études, nous proposons une grille d’analyse multi-niveaux tenant compte des "macro" facteurs, "micro" facteurs et "soft" facteurs simultanément. Ce cadre théorique permet d’envisager le transfert de connaissances dans le processus d’intégration post-F&A comme un phénomène complexe et "multi-facette" qui regroupe un certain nombre de tâches successives ou simultanées. S’appuyant sur un positionnement épistémologique aménagé, la méthodologie retenue dans notre thèse combine une analyse de cinq études de cas réalisées dans les secteurs français de la haute technologie (analyse intra-cas) et une démarche comparative (analyse inter-cas). Les résultats de cette recherche apportent une contribution majeure par rapport au management des processus d’intégration, en permettant de mettre à jour les facteurs favorisant la réussite du transfert de connaissances. / Considering the high failure rate recorded by a good number of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), knowledge transfer seems to be a determining factor in the integration process among merging enterprises. The empirical literature on the transfer of knowledge in M&A tends to divide up into two distinct categories: on the one hand, "macro" studies (at inter-organizational level) and on the other hand, "micro" studies (at individual’s level). Yet, a looming third category has been scored recently, which focuses its analysis on "soft" dimensions (at collective level). This scission restricts the scope and explanatory capacities of empirical studies upon the success and failure factors of knowledge transfer. To make up for this gap, we suggest a multi-level analytical grid taking "macro" factors, "micro" factors and "soft" factors simultaneously into account. This theoretical framework allows the transfer of knowledge in the post-M&A integration process to be considered as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon gathering a number of successive and simultaneous tasks. Hinging on an adapted epistemic positioning, the methodology retained for our thesis combines an analysis of five case studies carried out in the French sectors of high technology (intra-case analysis) with a comparative approach (intra-case analysis). The findings of this research bring about a major contribution to the management of integration processes, while enabling the factors favoring knowledge transfer to be updated

Skuldebrevslagen har bestått i nästintill oförändrat skick sedan dess införande 1936, samtidigt har de sektorer vilka i störst grad träffas av regleringen för skuldebrev kommit att ändra sin hantering av dessa. Att ta fram skuldebrev från valven där de förvaras har uppgetts vara en kostsam procedur, varför detta är något som instituten undviker med följden att skuldebrevslagens skyddsregler inte längre efterlevs. När skuldebrev ställs ut i digital form har det av HD, i Mål nr Ö 5072–16, bedömts inte vara möjligt att säkerställa gäldenärens och borgenärens positioner enligt 15 och 21 §§ SkbrL, eftersom ett digitalt skuldebrev i nuläget inte anses kunna besittas. Dessa skuldebrev har därför ansetts vara enkla och inte löpande, trots att adressaten talar för en tolkning i riktning av den senare. HD:s beslut lämnar en del problematik och resonemang obehandlad, vilken i denna framställning analyseras och tolkas. Slutsatsen av analysen är att det har skett en juridisk öppning för en digital besittning av ickefysiska företeelser, samt att beslutet pekar på en definiering av det löpande skuldebrevet som inte tidigare har framkommit av lag, doktrin eller praxis. Resonemanget bör anses ha brutit ny mark och utgör, trots att dess prejudikatverkan kan ifrågasättas, i dagsläget ett indicium för rättsverkan av digitala skuldebrev. I framställningen prövas, mot bakgrund av HD:s resonemang, om digitala skuldebrev kan anses löpande i lagens mening om de ställs ut genom den så kallade blockkedjetekniken. Av denna tekniska lösning fordras att rättsverkan av en traditionellt sett fysisk företeelse, besittningen, kan uppnås utan att innehavaren har en fysisk närhet till det digitala skuldebrevet. Eftersom frågan inte har behandlats förut kommer resonemang från skilda rättsområden att undersökas. Praxis, tillägg och lagförarbeten har varit vägledande, samt har doktrin tillämpats särskilt vid studiet av skuldebrevslagen och besittningsbegreppet. Problematiken med besittning av ett digitalt skuldebrev är kopplad till att det löpande skuldebrevet har ett värde i sig, som fysiskt dokument, varför den tekniska lösningen måste överföra de med ett dokument följande egenskaperna till den icke-fysiska representationen för dessa. Blocket i blockkedjan, som utgörs av ett smart kontrakt, måste med andra ord ha ett värde i sig. Det måste vidare kunna omsättas, med följden att ett med besittningsövergång jämförbart förhållande uppnås i anslutning till förfoganderättsövergången. Genom att koda den digitala rättshandlingen på ett sådant sätt att innehavet medför rådighet och kontroll över fordringsförhållandet torde rättsverkan av besittning anses uppnås. Av en sådan modell följer, utöver besittningsproblematiken, viss avtalsrättslig problematik och en förändrad riskbild, vilken i korthet uppmärksammas i framställningens avslutande analys.