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Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka vilken kunskap som fastighetsägare har om passivhus samt om det finns någon marknad för detta koncept i Örebro län. Miljö- och klimatproblemen i världen blir allt större och ett resultat av detta är den ständigt cirkulerande debatten om passivhus.  Lågenergihus är en nödvändig lösning för att energianvändningen ska kunna minskas, då bostadssektorn står för cirka 40 % av Sveriges totala energianvändning. Passivhus är en utveckling av lågenergihuset som byggs utan konventionellt uppvärmningssystem och har en låg energianvändning. Asplunds Bygg i Örebro bygger nu våren 2009 de första passivhusen i Örebro. Examensarbetet inleddes med att fastighetsägare kontaktades och intervjuer bokades. De muntliga intervjuerna genomfördes under en fyra veckors period på respektive fastighetsägares kontor. En egen fördjupning i ämnet gjordes parallellt med intervjuerna genom att studera passivhus i bl.a. litteratur, artiklar och på Internet. Resultatet av intervjuerna sammanställdes, jämfördes och analyserades utifrån syftet med arbetet. Fastighetsägarna är positivt inställda till konceptet och anser att energifrågan är viktig, men kunskapen kring passivhus hos vissa är bristfällig. Avslutningsvis konstateras att utifrån resultatet av intervjuerna så verkar det som att det finns en framtida marknad för passivhus i Örebro län. Nyckelord: passivhus, lågenergihus, energianvändning, ventilationssystem, värmeåtervinning, tjock isolering. / This project aims to study the knowledge that property owners have of passive houses and if there is a market for this concept in Örebro County. Environmental and climate problems in the world are growing and a result of this is the constant circulating debate of passive houses. Low-energy houses are a necessary solution to reducing energy consumption, then the housing sector accounts for about 40 % of Sweden´s total energy use. Passive houses are a development of the low-energy house built without conventional heating systems and have a low energy use. Asplunds Bygg in Örebro is now building the very first passive houses in Örebro this spring 2009. The project began with contacting property owners to book interviews. The interviews were carried out over a four week period at the respective property owner's office. An independent in-depth were made parallel to the interviews by studying passivhus in literature, articles and on the Internet. The results of the interviews were compiled, compared and analyzed based on the purpose of the work. Property owners are receptive to the concept and believe that the energy issue is important, but that knowledge into passive houses of some is poor.  Finally found that from the results of the interviews it seems that there is a future market for passive houses in Örebro County.  Keywords: passive houses, low-energy houses, energy use, ventilation system, heat recovery, thick insulation.

Different aspects concerning the resistance of steel girders subjected to concentrated forces have interested a large amount of researchers all over the world. The subject most dealt with among researchers is what is called "patch loading", a concentrated force applied at one flange. Generally, the resistance to concentrated forces is considered as being a problem of very complex nature. Therefore all studies aiming at predicting the ultimate resistance of steel girders to concentrated forces gives more or less empirical solutions. This thesis focus on three different applications of concentrated forces. Concentrated forces applied at one flange, opposite concentrated forces applied at two flanges and concentrated forces applied at an unstiffened girder end. The first application is recognized as patch loading, the second and third are herein defined as opposite patch loading and end patch loading, respectively. The report is divided in two parts, the main text and the appendices. The appendices are used to give results form tests performed herein and to present data for tests taken from the literature, but also to give results from a comparison with a design model suggested herein and the tests. The main text starts with an introduction giving the basis in the subject and a review of earlier work and ends up in a suggestion for a design model for the ultimate resistance for the three different applications of concentrated forces. The design model is developed with the purpose to be consistent for the three load applications, simple enough to be fit for use and also harmonized with those used for other buckling problems. The design model is based on a von Karman approach and includes three parts, an expression for the yield resistance, the elastic buckling load and a resistance function. The expression for the yield resistance is based on observations and conclusions from an experimental investigation, including a total of 48 tests on welded girders made from the high strength, quenched and tempered steel Weldox 700 and 12 tests on rolled beams. All three load applications were tested, with the majority of the tests performed as end patch load test. Approximate solutions for the elastic buckling load for patch loading, opposite patch loading and end patch loading are formulated on the basis of results from FEM. The buckling coefficients includes a contribution from the flange stiffness and the approximate solutions gives a reasonable accuracy compared to the result from FEM. The resistance function is empirically determined from about 250 patch load tests, since this is the only load application for which one can find tests on girders with slender webs in the literature. The resistance function is also proven suitable for opposite patch loading and end patch loading. Compared to results from a total of about 540 tests, the design model suggested herein gives a better accuracy in the prediction of the ultimate resistance for all three load applications than other leading design models from the literature. What can be considered as new and original in this thesis is that it gives a consistent model for prediction of the resistance of steel girders subjected to concentrated forces which is harmonized with the models for other instability problems a design model that extends the applicability to high strength, quenched and tempered steels additional solutions for the critical buckling loads for various boundary conditions / Godkänd; 1995; 20070426 (ysko)

Un sentiment de solitude survient chez un individu lorsque ses relations interpersonnelles sont insatisfaisantes, que ce soit sur le plan quantitatif ou qualitatif. Considérant que la communication interpersonnelle, qui permet la création et le maintien des relations interpersonnelles, a grandement cours par l’entremise de technologies de communication via Internet, bon nombre de recherches se sont penchées sur les liens potentiels entre les usages de ces technologies et le sentiment de solitude. Les résultats de ces travaux sont toutefois très disparates. Ainsi, la présente recherche explore cette problématique en se concentrant spécifiquement sur un dispositif de communication en particulier : le site de réseaux sociaux Facebook. Les usages de celui-ci sont conceptualisés selon un ensemble cohérent d’approches et de notions théoriques, soit les usages et gratifications, les affordances des technologies ainsi que certaines notions empruntées à la sociologie des usages (contextes de pratiques, entrelacement des usages). En ce qui concerne le sentiment de solitude, l’approche multidimensionnelle des besoins sociaux est mobilisée. Au niveau méthodologique, une méthode mixte utilisant le sondage par questionnaire comme outil de collecte de données a été préconisée. Les résultats démontrent un entrelacement des usages des différentes fonctionnalités de Facebook, ainsi que des corrélations entre certaines utilisations spécifiques de Facebook et le sentiment de solitude, tant sociale qu’émotionnelle. Ces résultats viennent s’ajouter à ceux d’autres publications récentes, qui démontrent qu’il y a effectivement des relations complexes entre les usages de Facebook et le sentiment de solitude.

Arbetet inleds med grunläggande teori för byggnadsakustik. En litteraturstudie genomförs för att ta fram förbättringsalternativ för ett antal konstruktionsdelar för två valda mätobjekt. Efter utförd fältmätning beräknas sammansatt reduktionstal av skiljevägg utifrån uppmätta och utgivna värden. En jämförelse görs och förbättringsalternativen fastställs. Analys av resultat visar dels att odämpade luftdon gör stor negativ verkan på ljudreduktionen för den sammansatta fasadväggen. För lägenhetsavskiljande vägg visar sig resonans uppkomma vid ”fel” uppbyggnad av väggkonstruktionen. / The thesis begins with basic theory of building acoustics. A literature study is made to develop improvement options for a number of building components of the two selected measurement objects. After completion of field measurement, a composite reduction index is calculated for measured and published values. A comparison is made and improvement options are set. Analysis of the results shows that undamped air-vents makes a big negative impact on the noise reduction of the composite facade wall. For apartment separation wall it turns out that resonance occur with a "wrong" wall construction.

Abstract This degree project was conducted in cooperation between students at Karlstad University and the company SmartMove with the employer and CEO Dan Eriksson. Today, the construction industry faces major challenges. In 2008, cross-sectoral goals were set that by year 2020 we would have a 20 percent more efficient energy use and by the year 2025 we should have built about 700,000 new homes in Sweden. To handle these conflicts of objectives, to increase housing construction while reducing its environmental impact through reduced energy use, Dan Eriksson wishes a further development of a wall structure with the CasaBona steel frame along with inorganic sheet materials. CasaBona is a patented framing system developed by AquaVilla in Västervik. The company AquaVilla manufactures villas floating on water and is responsible for the production of the CasaBona steel frame. The CasaBona steel frame has a punched web which leads to a lighter frame with a broken thermal bridge. Today, the framing system consists of galvanized steel and cellular plastic. The wall studs have the shape of a Z-profile that results in a strong design. When shipping, the steel stud must be cut to the correct length and then mounted on site with rivets. The goal of the thesis work is to make the wall framing more efficient. By replacing the EPS S80 insulation with PIR / PUR, the heat transfer coefficient can be lowered and the frame can reach Boverket's requirements for low energy use while using a smaller frame size. The results of the study show that when using the EPS S80 insulation, energy class B cannot be achieved with a single stud layer since CasaBona is only manufactured in dimensions up to 350 mm, and it would require 420 mm of EPS S80 insulation. However, when using PIR / PUR, only 300 mm insulation thickness is required to achieve energy class B. The framing dimension while using PIR / PUR and energy class B was then used to calculate the number of floors that the current AquaVilla building could be raised to. Calculations showed that by reducing the spread distance of studs and reinforcing particularly critical studs, the house could be raised from three floors to 13 floors, taking into account compressive force and bending moment. / Sammanfattning Detta examensarbete utfördes i samarbete mellan studenter vid Karlstads universitet och företaget SmartMove med uppdragsgivare och vd Dan Eriksson. Idag står byggbranschen inför stora utmaningar. År 2008 sattes sektorsövergripande mål om att år 2020 ha en 20 procent effektivare energianvändning och fram till år 2025 bör vi ha byggt ca 700 000 nya bostäder i Sverige. Som ett steg i hanteringen av dessa två målkonflikter, att öka bostadsbyggandet och samtidigt minska dess miljöpåverkan genom minskad energianvändning, önskar Dan Eriksson en vidareutveckling av en väggkonstruktion med stålstommen CasaBona tillsammans med oorganiska skivmaterial. CasaBona är ett patenterat stomsystem som utvecklas av AquaVilla i Västervik. Företaget AquaVilla tillverkar villor som flyter på vattnet och står även för tillverkningen av stålstommen CasaBona. CasaBona stålregel har ett utstansat liv vilket leder till en lättare regel med bruten köldbrygga. Idag består stomsystemet av galvaniserade stålreglar och cellplast. Väggreglarna har formen av en Z-profil som ger en stark konstruktion. Vid leverans ska stålregeln vara kapad till rätt längd och monteras sedan på plats med popnit. Målet med examensarbetet var att göra väggkonstruktionen mer effektiv. Genom att byta ut EPS S80-isoleringen mot PIR/PUR kan värmegenomgångskoefficienten sänkas och stommen kan uppnå Boverkets krav på lågenergianvändning vid en mindre dimension. Studiens resultat visar att vid användning av EPS S80 går det inte att uppnå energiklass B med ett regelskikt då CasaBona tillverkas i dimensioner upp till 350 mm, och det hade krävs 420 mm EPS S80-isolering. Vid användning av PIR/PUR krävs dock endast en isoleringstjocklek på 300 mm för att uppnå energiklass B. Stomdimensionen vid användning av PIR/PUR och energiklass B användes sedan för att beräkna antalet våningar som en nuvarande AquaVilla kunde höjas till. Beräkningar visade att vid minskning av spridningsavståndet och förstärkning av särskilt kritiska reglar kunde huset höjas från tre våningar till 13 våningar då hänsyn togs till tryckande kraft och böjande moment.

This thesis discusses the use of innovative technologies in retail companies. The second chapter describes the basic concepts of retail and marketing, which are a key basis for understanding access to innovative technologies. They are presented in the 3rd section including a description of their use in this area. Then in the 4th section is verified using these technologies in retail stores dealing mainly selling food. In the 5th chapter describes the implementation of electronic shelf labels, which is then verified by a verified implementation of Tesco in the 6th chapter.

Information is an intelligent data through which knowledgeable and usable things can be convicted or interpreted in a proper manner. With the advancement of technology, transmission of information over the network has come a trend. This information must be transmitted securely over the network. Data security was not a problem if a secure channel was provided for single transmission. It is a necessity to convert the information into an unintelligible form for transmitting it over an unsecured channel. Encryption is a technique through which original information can be converted into unintelligible form. As time has elapsed, various encryption algorithms are employed so that information can be transmitted securely over an unsecured channel. Unless an intruder accesses the encrypted text, he / she cannot gain any information from that text. But as the new algorithms are designed, all the algorithms are challenged and their cryptanalysis is available. In the year 1998, Advanced Encryption Standards (A (S)) were proposed and later it was widely accepted as the most secure encryption algorithm that can be used to encrypt the information so that it can be transmitted securely and unsecured. fixed to a new scheme called Parallel AЕS, was an employee who takes four blocks of 16 bytes at a time to generate four blocks of 16 bytes of text thus providing diffusion of blocks at exchange. than all sequential AЕs. All the algorithms are challenged and their cryptanalysis is available. In the year 1998, To make A morS more fixed to a new scheme called Parallel AЕS, was an employee who took four blocks of 16 bytes at a time to generate four blocks of 16 bytes of text, thus providing diffusion of blocks at exchange. By doing this parallel A stoodS stood to be much firmer than sequential AЕS. Advanced Encryption Standards (AЕS) was proposed and later it was widely accepted as the most secure encryption algorithm that can be used to encrypt the information so that it can be transmitted securely over an unsecured channel. To make A morS more fixed to a new scheme called Parallel AЕS, was an employee who took four blocks of 16 bytes at a time to generate four blocks of 16 bytes of text, thus providing diffusion of blocks at exchange. By doing this parallel A stoodS stood to be much firmer than sequential AЕS. Advanced Encryption Standards (AЕS) was proposed and later it was widely accepted as the most secure encryption algorithm that can be used to encrypt the information so that it can be transmitted securely over an unsecured channel. To make A morS more fixed to a new scheme called Parallel AЕS, was an employee who took four blocks of 16 bytes at a time to generate four blocks of 16 bytes of text, thus providing diffusion of blocks at exchange. By doing this parallel A stoodS stood to be much firmer than sequential AЕS. was an employee who took four blocks of 16 bytes at a time to generate four blocks of 16 bytes of text, thus providing diffusion of blocks at exchange. By doing this parallel A stoodS stood to be much firmer than sequential AЕS. was an employee who took four blocks of 16 bytes at a time to generate four blocks of 16 bytes of text, thus providing diffusion of blocks at exchange. By doing this parallel A stoodS stood to be much firmer than sequential AЕS.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The study aimed to investigate the kind of knowledge privileged when student teachers use Information Communication Technologies in facilitating learning in science subjects. The assumptions were that future student teachers, through their pedagogic practices, may either reproduce or interrupt educational inequalities. The ability to interrupt inequalities is conditioned by the manner in which these student teachers have been inducted into the field of teacher education and this process includes the ability to manipulate technological resources to facilitate epistemological access. This concept originally coined by Morrow in the 1980s looked at black students seeking entry to university. Since then the concept was used to signify the importance of knowledge in the curriculum. In this study, the exploration of epistemological access goes beyond physical or formal access and includes meaningful access to knowledge. The semantics dimension of Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) proposed by Maton was used, with a particular focus on semantic density (SD) as a theoretical framework. Maton argues that semantic density can vary across teaching practices and contexts. The study assumes that student teachers, through their pedagogic practices, may either reproduce or interrupt educational inequalities

HejVän is an exclusive piece of furniture designed for the Hall of your house inspired by Swedish Design. The concept has been designed implementing the behavior of Swedish society and crafts, this can be seen in the use of materials, the smart mirror, the hangers or the dry shoe system. The furniture is all made by Cosentino materials to garantee exclusivity and durability, with the exception of the hangers and the back plates, which are made of pine wood, a fundamental element of Scandinavian design.