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The study aims to investigate the impact of industrialised homebuilding in the creation of the aesthetic properties of the dwelling architecture. The concepts of industrialised homebuilding and the aesthetic properties of the dwelling architecture are defined by previously developed models. In these models, industrialised homebuilding is described by eight characteristic areas. The aesthetic properties of the dwelling architecture are described by seven aesthetic qualities. The study was conducted as a qualitative study, and in-depth interviews were conducted. The company JM AB is the analysed unit that the author of this report has chosen to study. JM employees and by JMhired architects were interviewed. The report concludes that characteristic area planning and control of processes are considered to have positive impact on the aesthetic qualities if the process is designed in such a way that the creations of these are admitted. Whether the characteristic area design of standardized building systems and platform thinking has a positive or negative role in the creation of the aesthetic properties has not been able to be specified on the basis of the collected material. The characteristic area is, however, considered to have a major impact on the creation of the aesthetic properties. Characteristic area collaboration between stakeholders in the process is positive and important for the creation of the aesthetic properties. Characteristic area customer focus and emphasis on the early stages are beneficial for the creation of aesthetic properties, but disagreement exists about how best to focus on the customer. Characteristic area prefabrication of building components has a limited but positive impact on the creation of the aesthetic properties. Characteristic area integration of logistics in production and the characteristic area use of information and communication systems are not considered important to the creation of the aesthetic properties. Characteristic area active experience feedback and performance measurement has a positive impact on the aesthetic properties. Planning and control processes, design of standardized building systems, platform-thinking, customer focus and emphasis on the early stages are the characteristic areas considered to have the greatest impact on the creation of the aesthetic properties. The author recommends an in-depth study on each of these characteristic areas. The study aims to investigate the impact of industrialised homebuilding in the creation of the aesthetic properties of the dwelling architecture. The concepts of industrialised homebuilding and the aesthetic properties of the dwelling architecture are defined by previously developed models. In these models, industrialised homebuilding is described by eight characteristic areas. The aesthetic properties of the dwelling architecture are described by seven aesthetic qualities. The study was conducted as a qualitative study, and in-depth interviews were conducted. The company JM AB is the analysed unit that the author of this report has chosen to study. JM employees and by JMhired architects were interviewed. The report concludes that characteristic area planning and control of processes are considered to have positive impact on the aesthetic qualities if the process is designed in such a way that the creations of these are admitted. Whether the characteristic area design of standardized building systems and platform thinking has a positive or negative role in the creation of the aesthetic properties has not been able to be specified on the basis of the collected material. The characteristic area is, however, considered to have a major impact on the creation of the aesthetic properties. Characteristic area collaboration between stakeholders in the process is positive and important for the creation of the aesthetic properties. Characteristic area customer focus and emphasis on the early stages are beneficial for the creation of

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Buildings today are built to maintain a healthy indoor environment and an efficient energy usage which is probably why damages caused by dampness has increased since the 1960’s. A study between year 2008 and 2010 showed that 26 percent of the 110 000 examined houses had damages and flaws caused by dampness that could prove to be harmful later on. This means that one out of four bathrooms risk the chance to develop damages by dampness. Approximately 2 percent of the houses had already developed water damages. It is here where the problems appear. A house or a building that is damaged by water of dampness need time to dry out before any renovation can take place. This means that damaged parts must be removed and allowed to dry out, this takes a long time to do and the costs are high and at the same time it can cause inconvenience to the residents. Here is where the Air Gap Method enters the picture. The meaning with the method is to drain and dry out the moisture without the need to perform a larger renovation. The Air Gap Method is a so called "forgiving"-system that is if water damages occur the consequences will be small. The Air Gap method means that an air gap is created in the walls, ceiling and the floor where a heating cable in the gap heats up the air and creates an air movement. The point is to create a stack effect in the gap that with the help of the air movement transports the damp air through an opening by the ceiling. The aim of this thesis is to examine if it’s necessary with the heating cable in the air gap and if there is a specific drying out pattern of the water damaged bathroom floor. The possibility of mould growth will also be examined. The study showed that the damped floor did dry out even without a heating cable, but as one of the studies showed signs of mould growth it is shown that the risk for mould growth is higher without a heating cable. There was a seven days difference in the drying out time between the studies with and without the heating cable; this difference can be decisive for mould growth which is why the heating cable is recommended. The Air Gap method is quite easy to apply in houses with light frame constructions simply by using a smaller dimension on the studs to create the air gap in the floor and walls. The method can also be applied in apartment buildings with a concrete frame by using the room-in- room principal. When renovating existing bathrooms it’s easier to use prefabricated elements to create the air gap in the floor and walls. ~ ~

When the Eolshällproject was completed for the first time, a great deal of moisture damage was discovered. Therefore the structure completion was removed and reinstalled. The project was originally planned to cost a total of 126 million SEK, but the final costs landed on 271 million SEK. What caused this failure? Were the designs poor, was the technology used too advanced, or was the project not managed properly? Based on the Eolshällproject, theses will be presented about what may have caused the moisture damage. On the basis of interviews and documentation from the project, selected structural components have been analyzed. We have studied how these components are designed traditionally and presented our own suggestions. When it comes to traditional building techniques the design itself is not likely to be the source of great damage. In these cases it is more likely that the problems are caused by inappropriate handling of material components and lack of competence. These factors are usually caused by poor communication at the building site and the communication between the site and the client. It is therefore important that the drawings are detailed and understandable for all parties. When building, one should take deep consideration to the moisture aspect in the design due to the fact that these kind of damages can be difficult to repair or adjust. A constructor need to think in a long-term perspective. Buildings that will remain for 100 years require good design and good execution. Besides quality, time and money are two important aspects when constructing a building. Good planning is vital to bring these three aspects together, which is achieved through good communication

Most of the energy required by residential buildings is for low temperature heat. Often this demand is met by the use of high quality energy sources such as fossil fuels and electricity. The energy analysis alone does not take into account the quality of energy and so it hides the real potential for the so-called energy savings. Thus the concept of exergy must be involved. In particular the low-exergy approach shows that the energy with low exergy level has to be supplied with energy with similar exergy content. Consequently, the problem is shifted to find energy sources suitable for this purpose. The electricity can be exploited with low exergy losses with high-COP heat pumps. Instead the use of fossil fuels for thermal purposes should be avoided. One of the possibilities is the energy cascade. In this solution the energy flow is used several times, despite its quality decreases with each step, before being discharged into the environment. Thus the use of the district heating from cogeneration for the space heating seems to be an interesting choice. The issues connected to the cogeneration exploitation force to shift the boundary layers of the analysis from the building to the community level. In this work different solutions to meet the electricity and heat demands of a community of houses have been compared. The aim is to show that the results obtained from the low-ex approach allow an effective reduction of fuel consumption through a more rational use of the resources. The comparison was addressed initially in steady-state case and then with the use of the software HOMER also for the dynamic case. To achieve reliable results, this required that the annual profiles for thermal and electrical demand of the reference community are modelled to represent the actual loads as closely as possible. Finally, for each case taken into account, the total consumption, the energy and the exergy efficiencies have been calculated.

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<p>NR 20140804</p>