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Effects of multisensory stimuli on inhibitory control in adolescent ADHD: It is the content of information that mattersChmielewski, Witold X., Tiedt, Angela, Bluschke, Annet, Dippel, Gabriel, Roessner, Veit, Beste, Christian 12 June 2018 (has links) (PDF)
Even though deficits in inhibitory control and conflict monitoring are well-known in ADHD, factors that further modulate these functions remain to be elucidated. One factor that may be of considerable importance is how inhibitory control is modulated by multisensory information processing. We examined the influence of concurrent auditory conflicting or redundant information on visually triggered response inhibition processes in adolescent ADHD patients and healthy controls. We combined high-density event-related potential (ERP) recordings with source localization to delineate the functional neuroanatomical basis of the involved neurophysiological processes. In comparison to controls, response inhibition (RI) processes in ADHD were compromised in conflicting conditions, but showed no differences to controls when redundant or no concurrent auditory information was presented. These effects were reflected by modulations at the response selection stage (P3 ERP) in the medial frontal gyrus (BA32), but not at the attentional selection (P1, N1 ERPs) or resource allocation level (P2 ERP). Conflicting information during RI exerts its influences in adolescent ADHD via response selection mechanisms, but not via attentional selection. It is not the mere presence of concurrent information, but the presence of conflicting information during RI that may destabilize goal shielding processes in medial frontal cortical regions, by means of increasing the automaticity of response tendencies. The occurring RI deficits might relate to the increased impulsivity in adolescent ADHD and a corresponding vulnerability to react to an increased automaticity of pre-potent response tendencies. ADHD patients show a bias to a specific content of information which can modulate inhibitory control.
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Souhra nominačních tendencí v jazyce masových médií. Případ analytických adjektiv / Interplay Between Nomination Tendencies in the Language of Mass Media. The Case of the Analytical AdjectivesVačkov, Veselin January 2014 (has links)
The thesis aims to describe and theoretically explain the range of complex nominal word structures and phrases that evolved in all Slavic languages with staggering productivity during the last decades. In particular, it focuses on the so called analytical adjectives, i.e. formally invariant lexical units mostly of foreign origin that manifest their attributive syntactic role (and the word class they belong to) not through a morpheme but through fixed word order position. The thesis rejects the view that analytical adjectives are first parts of compound words and explores several transitional cases. In more general terms, the thesis explores phenomena that test the boundary between words and phrases, morphology and syntax. It concludes that in Bulgarian there already exists a well established word subclass of analytical adjectives. They have resulted from an originally lexical innovation that has been grammatcalized due to intensive borrowings of words and phrase models mainly from English and their replication. The comparative study of present-day Bulgarian and Czech provides evidence of the strategies that the two genetically related languages use to achieve their nomination goals. The search for an explanation of the similarities and differences between both languages offers insights into their...
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The relationship of entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurshipDe Lange, Cecilia Johanna 01 January 2002 (has links)
The high unemployment rate, especially amongst schoolleavers could be counterbalanced by raising
awareness of entrepreneurship as a career option.
This investigation explores the relationship of entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurship and who the
entrepreneur is, as is presented in the literature. The focus has shifted from testing for personality
traits to identifying entrepreneurial attitude, attributes, behaviour and activities. A questionnaire, the
GET (General Enterprising Tendencies test) was used to determine the levels of entrepreneurial
attitude amongst a group of grade ll learners in three South African secondary schools, with the aim
of raising awareness of their personal levels of entrepreneurial attitude and making them aware of
entrepreneurship as a career option.
It was found that inter alia, a culture of entrepreneurship is not prevalent amongst learners and prospective school leavers in South Africa. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counseling)
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Tempo e vida em Bergson / Time and life in BergsonAna Beatriz Antunes Gomes 13 February 2009 (has links)
Bergson diz que todo filósofo instaura uma direção no pensamento, o que pode pedir a construção de vários conceitos para alcançar a simplicidade do problema levantado. O problema bergsoniano é o tempo, desdobrado em três conceitos fundamentais: duração, memória e impulso vital. Não só confere ao tempo autonomia em relação ao espaço e ao sujeito, retirando-lhe a função de medir, como também descobre ser ele a própria substância de todas as coisas, a natureza de toda diferença, e ssencialmente virtual. A vida revela-se uma expressão do tempo, um aspecto seu que inevitavelme nte tende à atualização. A relação entre o tempo em estado puro e a vida implica composições entre maneiras diversas e até extremas de duração, como a matéria e o espírito ou, em outras palavras, a determinação e a liberdade que aí se insere. Múltiplas séries evolutivas coexi stem e se desenvolvem distintamente, sem obedecer uma sucessão ou uma hierarquia do pior para o melhor, tampouco do mais simples para o mais complexo. O impulso vital, responsável por conduzir o processo de diferenciação de virtual à atual, nunca detém seu movimento qualitativo e se expressa necessariamente lançando variedades no mundo. É justamente nisso que consiste a evolução biológica, cujo traço característico é sua potência criadora, que afirma novidades radicalmente imprevisíveis.
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Educação ambiental e biodiversidade em unidades de conservação: mapeando tendênciasValenti, Mayla Willik 26 February 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Protected areas (PAs) are especially interesting to develop environmental education (EE) activities, especially on biodiversity. In this study we carried out a diagnosis of the environmental education actions and biodiversity developed in protected areas and we analyzed the aspects that have influence on the tendencies of environmental education in that context. We analyze the education actions developed in Brazilian protected areas and on how 11 a public policy - the National Environmental Education Program (ProNEA) influences them using a questionnaire answered by 56 PAs. Besides, we deeply investigate the parameters of the educational practice by directly observing the visiting activities in five protected areas at São Paulo State. The questionnaires analysis showed that the environmental education developed in Brazilian protected areas present some of the principles of the new tendencies of environmental education and some principles of the public policies that have been developed in the last years in Brazil, mainly in participative management actions. Nevertheless, we have identified some distance between discourse and practice, mainly with respect to goals and carried out activities, as well as the use of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Similarly, we have found a great distance between theoretical and policies discourses and practice in the activities developed in the São Paulo State protected areas. On the other hand, we have identified some potentialities that could be promoted in this context: a diversity of methodological strategies and a presence of elements and situations which are favorable to improve the visitants notion of environmental issues complexity. We conclude that the elaboration and especially the implementation of specific public policies of environmental education to these areas will contribute to better explore these potentials, especially if it emphasizes the formation of the educators and the importance of using participative and dialogical methodologies, in accordance with the critical tendency of environmental education. / As áreas naturais protegidas, como as unidades de conservação (UCs), são privilegiadas para a atuação em educação ambiental (EA), especialmente sobre o tema biodiversidade. Nesse estudo, realizamos um diagnóstico sobre as ações de educação ambiental e biodiversidade desenvolvidas em unidades de conservação e analisamos os aspectos que influenciam a presença das diferentes tendências da educação ambiental nesse contexto. Analisamos as ações realizadas nas UCs em nível nacional e investigamos o impacto de uma política pública o Programa Nacional de Educação Ambiental (ProNEA) nessas ações, por meio de um questionário respondido por 56 unidades. Além disso, investigamos com maior profundidade parâmetros da prática educativa, por meio da observação direta de atividades de educação ambiental de uso público desenvolvidas em cinco Parques Estaduais 10 do Estado de São Paulo. A partir da análise dos questionários distribuídos às unidades de conservação brasileiras, podemos dizer que a educação ambiental desenvolvida nesses espaços está incorporando alguns princípios das novas tendências da educação ambiental e das políticas públicas elaboradas nos últimos anos no Brasil, especialmente em ações de gestão participativa. Porém, também identificamos certa distância entre o discurso e a prática, especialmente em relação aos objetivos definidos para as ações de educação ambiental e as atividades de fato realizadas, além da falta do uso de mecanismos de acompanhamento e avaliação. De forma semelhante, quando acompanhamos as atividades nas unidades de conservação do Estado de São Paulo, notamos uma grande distância entre as discussões teóricas e presentes nas políticas públicas de educação ambiental e a prática desenvolvida nas atividades de uso público nesses espaços. Por outro lado, também identificamos algumas potencialidades que poderiam ser mais desenvolvidas nesse contexto: a presença de diversas estratégias metodológicas e de elementos e situações propícias para se trabalhar com a complexidade da questão ambiental. Concluímos que o desenvolvimento e principalmente a implementação de uma política pública de educação ambiental específica para essas áreas, contribuiria para o melhor aproveitamento desse potencial ainda inexplorado, especialmente se enfocar a formação de educadoras/es ambientais, priorizando a importância de utilizar procedimentos participativos e dialógicos, afinados com a tendência crítica da educação ambiental.
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Tempo e vida em Bergson / Time and life in BergsonAna Beatriz Antunes Gomes 13 February 2009 (has links)
Bergson diz que todo filósofo instaura uma direção no pensamento, o que pode pedir a construção de vários conceitos para alcançar a simplicidade do problema levantado. O problema bergsoniano é o tempo, desdobrado em três conceitos fundamentais: duração, memória e impulso vital. Não só confere ao tempo autonomia em relação ao espaço e ao sujeito, retirando-lhe a função de medir, como também descobre ser ele a própria substância de todas as coisas, a natureza de toda diferença, e ssencialmente virtual. A vida revela-se uma expressão do tempo, um aspecto seu que inevitavelme nte tende à atualização. A relação entre o tempo em estado puro e a vida implica composições entre maneiras diversas e até extremas de duração, como a matéria e o espírito ou, em outras palavras, a determinação e a liberdade que aí se insere. Múltiplas séries evolutivas coexi stem e se desenvolvem distintamente, sem obedecer uma sucessão ou uma hierarquia do pior para o melhor, tampouco do mais simples para o mais complexo. O impulso vital, responsável por conduzir o processo de diferenciação de virtual à atual, nunca detém seu movimento qualitativo e se expressa necessariamente lançando variedades no mundo. É justamente nisso que consiste a evolução biológica, cujo traço característico é sua potência criadora, que afirma novidades radicalmente imprevisíveis.
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"O ensino da medicina através das humanidades médicas: análise do filme And the band played on e seu uso em atividades de ensino/aprendizagem em educação médica" / Teaching Medicine through Medical Humanities: analysis of the movie And the band played on and its use in teaching/learning activities in Medical EducationRicardo Tapajós Martins Coelho Pereira 03 March 2005 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O modelo epistemológico humanista na Medicina redefine o bom médico como um profissional que detém tanto excelência técnica quanto traços humanísticos. Os currículos médicos tiveram que se adaptar e se preocupar com projetos pedagógicos que dessem conta de promover o ensino/aprendizagem desses traços humanísticos. Esses projetos têm tentado resgatar a Educação Liberal nos currículos de Medicina através da introdução das Humanidades Médicas. Essa introdução tem sido tentada ao redor do mundo nos últimos 40 anos e requer cada vez mais novos projetos pedagógicos. Essa tese propõe o uso de uma atividade instrucional específica no campo das Artes Cinemáticas (enquanto Humanidade Médica) com a finalidade de mediar junto aos alunos a consecução de objetivos humanísticos pertinentes à Educação Médica. OBJETIVOS: Pretendeu-se analisar o filme And the band played on, produzindo possibilidades interpretativas sobre ele, justificando-as e comunicando-as através de uma síntese elucidativa; identificar aspectos de relevância médica cujo ensino/aprendizagem pode ser mediado pela discussão estruturada do filme como atividade instrucional; compilar esses aspectos em termos de objetivos educacionais humanísticos e de sua alocação a uma das taxonomias de objetivos educacionais nas Humanidades Médicas e prover exemplos concretos de possibilidades de ensino/aprendizagem relacionadas a essa atividade instrucional. METODOLOGIA: A análise fílmica abordou a obra nos seus aspectos narratológicos (como personagens e convenções de ponto de vista e narração) e estilísticos específicos do cinema. Observou os vários eixos que geram significação no cinema (linguagem verbal, linguagem escrita, visualidade, ruídos e música). Foi macro-analítica (analisando a obra como um todo), mas necessitou de momentos de micro-análise (seqüências e planos específicos). Envolveu a análise descritiva e formal da obra e sua interpretação através da análise interna (aspectos inerentes como iconografia e simbolismo) e externa (sistemas referenciais externos como teorias psicológicas) de sentido. Os aspectos de relevância médica passíveis de ensino/aprendizagem através dessa atividade instrucional foram procurados e alocados nos campos das grandes taxonomias que organizam os objetivos educacionais (Taxonomia de Objetivos Educacionais, Campos de Significado e Competências). RESULTADOS: Descreveram-se possibilidades de uso do filme de duas maneiras instrucionais: assistência do filme inteiro e assistência de excertos, em ambos os casos com posterior discussão. Em relação ao filme como um todo, duas propostas interpretativas diferentes foram geradas com base no seu potencial uso no ensino/aprendizagem em Medicina. A primeira baseia-se na narrativa romanesca da crise vocacional vivenciada pelo protagonista e a segunda centra-se na análise da instância narrativa e seus dispositivos. Em relação aos excertos, pinçaram-se algumas seqüências para ilustrar alguns de seus possíveis usos instrucionais. CONCLUSÕES: O filme pode ser usado instrucionalmente com vistas à abordagem educacional de objetivos humanísticos. Esses objetivos são pertinentes a diversas áreas do conhecimento, entre as quais citam-se os Domínio Afetivo e Emocional, os Campos Ético e Sinoético, e as Competências Adaptativa, Contextual, de Identidade Profissional e Motivação para Aprendizagem Continuada. Esses objetivos abordam áreas de conteúdo relevantes, como a relação médico-paciente, a vocação médica, o contar notícias ruins, a persona médica, o arquétipo do médico ferido, a comunicação humana e a identidade profissional médica, entre outras. / INTRODUCTION: The humanist epistemological model in Medicine redefines the good physician as a professional that has technical excellence, but also wields humanistic traits. Medical curricula have had to adapt themselves and make efforts to generate pedagogical projects that could foster the teaching/learning of these traits. These projects have attempted to address a Liberal Education in medical curricula by means of the introduction of the Medical Humanities. This introduction has been attempted worldwide in the latest 40 years and is still in need of new pedagogical projects. This thesis proposes the use of a specific instructional activity in the Cinematic Arts (as Medical Humanity) so as to provide mediation to the accomplishment by students of humanistic objectives. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this thesis were to analyze the film And the band played on, producing interpretative possibilities about it, justifying them and communicating them by means of an elucidative work of synthesis; to identify aspects of medical relevance, whose teaching/learning could be mediated by the structured discussion of the film as an instructional activity; to compile these aspects in terms of humanistic educational objectives and their allocation to one of the taxonomies for educational objectives in Medical Humanities; and to provide concrete examples of teaching/learning possibilities related to this instructional activity. METHODS: Film analysis approached the movie through narratological (characters and conventions of narration and point of view) and cinema-specific stylistic aspects. The several axes that generate meaning in cinema have been considered (verbal language, written word, visuality, sounds and music). The analysis was macro-analytic (approaching the film as a whole), but contemplated micro-analysis (specific sequences). It involved the descriptive and formal analysis of the film and its interpretation in the light of internal (inherent aspects such as iconography and symbolism) and external (external referential systems such as psychological theories) analysis of meaning. The aspects of medical relevance were allocated to and searched for in the fields of the great taxonomies that organize educational objectives (Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Realms of Meaning and Competences). RESULTS: Two instructional uses of the film were described: projection of the whole film, as opposed to the projection of excerpts. In both cases, a discussion should follow. In the first case, two different interpretative proposals were generated, based on their potential use in teaching/learning in Medicine. The first is based on a romanesque narrative about the vocational crisis experienced by the protagonist, whereas the second one focuses on the narrating instance and its dispositions. In terms of the excerpts, some sequences were pinpointed to illustrate some of their possible instructional uses. CONCLUSIONS: The film may be used instructionally within the educational approach to humanistic objectives. These objectives pertain to several areas of knowledge, among which, the Affective and Emotional Domains; Ethics and Synnoetics (Realms of Meaning); and Lifelong Learning, Professional Identity, Adaptative and Contextual Competences. These objectives comprehend relevant contents, such as the physician-patient relationship, medical vocation, breaking bad news, the medical persona, human communication and medical professional identity, among others.
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Koncové body v řeči orientované na dítě u českých rodilých mluvčích / Endpoints in child-directed speech by Czech native speakersMarklová, Anna January 2017 (has links)
The subject of this thesis is presence of endpoints in child-directed speech of Czech native speakers. It is based on researches, which show that czech language prefers holistic perspective. This occur for exemple in description of the motion event; a speaker tends to include the endpoint. Thanks to its holistic perspective, Czech language is unique among other Slavic languages, which use a phasal perspective. The phasal perspective highlights the motion process instead of the endpoint. There are several reasons, why Czech language uses holistic perspective: the most common is the proximity to German langugae, which also uses holistic perspective, and specific category of aspect. My thesis examines whether children can learn one of the feature of the holistic perspective, often referring to endpoints in the description of motion events. Research data consists in transcribing informal conversations between children and parents over incentives made for this purpose. I examine total amount od endpoints and how they are expressed. The analysis of the data proves high concentration of endpoints and also proves, that parents direct child's attention to them.
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Effects of multisensory stimuli on inhibitory control in adolescent ADHD: It is the content of information that mattersChmielewski, Witold X., Tiedt, Angela, Bluschke, Annet, Dippel, Gabriel, Roessner, Veit, Beste, Christian 12 June 2018 (has links)
Even though deficits in inhibitory control and conflict monitoring are well-known in ADHD, factors that further modulate these functions remain to be elucidated. One factor that may be of considerable importance is how inhibitory control is modulated by multisensory information processing. We examined the influence of concurrent auditory conflicting or redundant information on visually triggered response inhibition processes in adolescent ADHD patients and healthy controls. We combined high-density event-related potential (ERP) recordings with source localization to delineate the functional neuroanatomical basis of the involved neurophysiological processes. In comparison to controls, response inhibition (RI) processes in ADHD were compromised in conflicting conditions, but showed no differences to controls when redundant or no concurrent auditory information was presented. These effects were reflected by modulations at the response selection stage (P3 ERP) in the medial frontal gyrus (BA32), but not at the attentional selection (P1, N1 ERPs) or resource allocation level (P2 ERP). Conflicting information during RI exerts its influences in adolescent ADHD via response selection mechanisms, but not via attentional selection. It is not the mere presence of concurrent information, but the presence of conflicting information during RI that may destabilize goal shielding processes in medial frontal cortical regions, by means of increasing the automaticity of response tendencies. The occurring RI deficits might relate to the increased impulsivity in adolescent ADHD and a corresponding vulnerability to react to an increased automaticity of pre-potent response tendencies. ADHD patients show a bias to a specific content of information which can modulate inhibitory control.
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Sebevražedné tendence seniorů v telefonické krizové intervenci / Suicidal Tendencies of Seniors in Telephone Crisis InterventionMaliňáková, Barbora January 2015 (has links)
(in English): The topic of my thesis is the suicidal tendencies of elderly people. The topic is examined from the point of view of crisis hotlines. I describe terms such as old age, telephone crisis intervention and basic developmental needs (Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor) in the theoretical part. The following practical part focuses on crisis hotlines in the Czech Republic and their statistics concerning suicidal calls. The next part of the research is the analyses of interviews with social workers working on crisis hotlines and the analyses of notes from the talks with suicidal clients. I propose different instruments for the prevention of the suicidal tendencies of elderly people in the discussion.
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