O estudo busca conhecer o modo pelo qual o corpo do doente com câncer é apresentado por um conjunto de 15 filmes produzidos em Hollywood, entre 1970 e 2007, cujo tema central gira em torno do personagem adulto com câncer em estágio avançado. Com base nos Estudos Culturais, em sua vertente pós-estruturalista, penso que aprendemos a ver o corpo doente de diferentes formas, nas mais diversas instâncias educativas, sendo o cinema uma delas. A partir da análise cultural, sustentada pelas noções de “discurso” e “subjetividade”, propostas pelo filósofo Michel Foucault, articulo uma das possíveis leituras do corpus fílmico. Tal leitura possibilitou a construção de três lições de Hollywood sobre adoecer e morrer de câncer: “Primeira lição de Hollywood: aprendendo a ser doente”, “Segunda lição de Hollywood: aprendendo a cuidar do corpo doente” e “Terceira lição de Hollywood: aprendendo a morrer de câncer”. Nelas, avalio como o discurso cinematográfico atua como uma pedagogia cultural que produz sujeitos que vêem o corpo doente de determinado modo, que ensina a cuidar desse corpo e a morrer de câncer, nos dando pistas sobre como aprendemos a nos relacionar com a doença a partir dos artefatos midiáticos. Com isso, minha proposta é suscitar reflexões que possam contribuir, de alguma forma, para a assistência e para a docência em Enfermagem. / The study aims at learning how the body of the cancer patient is portrayed by a set of 15 movies produced in Hollywood between 1970 and 2007 whose central theme is about an adult character with cancer at advanced stage. Based on the Cultural Studies and their post-structuralism version, I think that we learn seeing the sick body in different ways, under the most varied educative instances, among which the movie picture stands out. Starting from the cultural analysis, supported by the notions of “discourse” and “subjectivity”, as proposed by philosopher Michel Foucault, I articulate one of the possible readings of the movie picture corpus. Such reading allowed the construction of three Hollywood lessons about getting sick and dying of cancer: “First Hollywood lesson: learning how being sick”, “Second Hollywood lesson: learning how taking care of the sick body” and “Third Hollywood lesson: learning how dying of cancer”. In such lessons, I make an assessment of how the movie picture discourse acts as a cultural pedagogy that produces subjects who see the sick body in a certain way and teaches how taking care of such body and how dying of cancer and therefore gives us hints about how we learn to get along with the disease from media artifacts. Thus, my proposal is raising reflections that may somehow contribute to care and education in Nursing. / El estudio busca conocer el modo como el cuerpo del enfermo con cáncer es presentado por un conjunto de 15 películas producidas en Hollywood, entre 1970 y 2007, cuyo tema central es acerca del personaje adulto con cáncer en estado avanzado. Con base en los Estudios Culturales y su versión posestructuralista, pienso que aprendemos a ver el cuerpo enfermo de distintas formas, en las más diversas instancias educativas, siendo el cine una de ellas. A partir del análisis cultural, sostenido por las nociones de “discurso” y “subjetividad”, propuestas por el filósofo Michel Foucault, articulo una de las posibles lecturas del corpus cinematográfico. Tal lectura posibilitó la construcción de tres lecciones de Hollywood acerca de quedarse enfermo y morir de cáncer: “Primera lección de Hollywood: aprendiendo a ser enfermo”, “Segunda lección de Hollywood: aprendiendo a cuidar del cuerpo enfermo” y “Tercera lección de Hollywood: aprendiendo a morir de cáncer”. En ellas, evalúo de qué forma el discurso cinematográfico actúa como una pedagogía cultural que produce sujetos que ven el cuerpo enfermo de determinado modo, que enseña a cuidar de ese cuerpo y a morir de cáncer, dándonos señales acerca de cómo aprendemos a relacionarnos con la enfermedad a partir de los artefactos de los medios. Así, mi propuesta es suscitar reflexiones que puedan contribuir, de alguna manera, para la asistencia y la enseñanza en Enfermería. Palabras-

O estudo busca conhecer o modo pelo qual o corpo do doente com câncer é apresentado por um conjunto de 15 filmes produzidos em Hollywood, entre 1970 e 2007, cujo tema central gira em torno do personagem adulto com câncer em estágio avançado. Com base nos Estudos Culturais, em sua vertente pós-estruturalista, penso que aprendemos a ver o corpo doente de diferentes formas, nas mais diversas instâncias educativas, sendo o cinema uma delas. A partir da análise cultural, sustentada pelas noções de “discurso” e “subjetividade”, propostas pelo filósofo Michel Foucault, articulo uma das possíveis leituras do corpus fílmico. Tal leitura possibilitou a construção de três lições de Hollywood sobre adoecer e morrer de câncer: “Primeira lição de Hollywood: aprendendo a ser doente”, “Segunda lição de Hollywood: aprendendo a cuidar do corpo doente” e “Terceira lição de Hollywood: aprendendo a morrer de câncer”. Nelas, avalio como o discurso cinematográfico atua como uma pedagogia cultural que produz sujeitos que vêem o corpo doente de determinado modo, que ensina a cuidar desse corpo e a morrer de câncer, nos dando pistas sobre como aprendemos a nos relacionar com a doença a partir dos artefatos midiáticos. Com isso, minha proposta é suscitar reflexões que possam contribuir, de alguma forma, para a assistência e para a docência em Enfermagem. / The study aims at learning how the body of the cancer patient is portrayed by a set of 15 movies produced in Hollywood between 1970 and 2007 whose central theme is about an adult character with cancer at advanced stage. Based on the Cultural Studies and their post-structuralism version, I think that we learn seeing the sick body in different ways, under the most varied educative instances, among which the movie picture stands out. Starting from the cultural analysis, supported by the notions of “discourse” and “subjectivity”, as proposed by philosopher Michel Foucault, I articulate one of the possible readings of the movie picture corpus. Such reading allowed the construction of three Hollywood lessons about getting sick and dying of cancer: “First Hollywood lesson: learning how being sick”, “Second Hollywood lesson: learning how taking care of the sick body” and “Third Hollywood lesson: learning how dying of cancer”. In such lessons, I make an assessment of how the movie picture discourse acts as a cultural pedagogy that produces subjects who see the sick body in a certain way and teaches how taking care of such body and how dying of cancer and therefore gives us hints about how we learn to get along with the disease from media artifacts. Thus, my proposal is raising reflections that may somehow contribute to care and education in Nursing. / El estudio busca conocer el modo como el cuerpo del enfermo con cáncer es presentado por un conjunto de 15 películas producidas en Hollywood, entre 1970 y 2007, cuyo tema central es acerca del personaje adulto con cáncer en estado avanzado. Con base en los Estudios Culturales y su versión posestructuralista, pienso que aprendemos a ver el cuerpo enfermo de distintas formas, en las más diversas instancias educativas, siendo el cine una de ellas. A partir del análisis cultural, sostenido por las nociones de “discurso” y “subjetividad”, propuestas por el filósofo Michel Foucault, articulo una de las posibles lecturas del corpus cinematográfico. Tal lectura posibilitó la construcción de tres lecciones de Hollywood acerca de quedarse enfermo y morir de cáncer: “Primera lección de Hollywood: aprendiendo a ser enfermo”, “Segunda lección de Hollywood: aprendiendo a cuidar del cuerpo enfermo” y “Tercera lección de Hollywood: aprendiendo a morir de cáncer”. En ellas, evalúo de qué forma el discurso cinematográfico actúa como una pedagogía cultural que produce sujetos que ven el cuerpo enfermo de determinado modo, que enseña a cuidar de ese cuerpo y a morir de cáncer, dándonos señales acerca de cómo aprendemos a relacionarnos con la enfermedad a partir de los artefactos de los medios. Así, mi propuesta es suscitar reflexiones que puedan contribuir, de alguna manera, para la asistencia y la enseñanza en Enfermería. Palabras-

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård definieras som vård som ges under sista tiden i en patients liv och målet är att lindra och främja välbefinnande för en god vårdkvalitet i livets slutskede. Sjuksköterskor i palliativ vård har ett stort ansvar gentemot både patienter och närstående. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete var att skapa en översikt över sjuksköterskors erfarenheter i palliativ vård. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt genomfördes. Fem kvalitativa och fem kvantitativa artiklar inkluderades och analyserades i tre steg. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor i palliativ vård är i behov av utbildning om den palliativa vårdens centrala områden för att bemöta och uppfylla kraven för en god vårdkvalité. De emotionella känslor som kan uppstå i vårdandet av patienter i livets slutskede påverkar arbetet och de erfar att stöd och samarbete mellan arbetskollegor, läkare och andra vårdgivare kan bidra till en bättre palliativ vård. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor i palliativ vård är i behov av kontinuerlig utbildning, lära sig kommunikationsstrategier samt ha en bra samverkan mellan olika professioner och andra vårdinrättningar för att kunna erbjuda en god, säker och personcentrerad vård erbjudas in i det sista. / Background: Palliative care defines as care given under the last period of the patient’s life and the goal is to alleviate and promote the patient's well-being for a good quality of care in the final stages of life. In palliative care, the nurse has a big responsibility, towards both the patient and relatives. However, the patient and relatives' experiences of palliative care are not always good. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to create an overview of nurses' experiences in palliative care. Method: A general literature review with a qualitative approach was performed. five qualitative and five quantitative articles were included and analyzed in three steps. Findings: Nurses in palliative care are in need of education on the central areas of palliative care in order to meet and fulfill the requirements for good quality care. The emotional feelings that could arise in the care of patients at the end of life affected the nursing and they experienced that support and cooperation between work colleagues, doctors and other caregivers could contribute to better palliative care. Conclusion: Nurses in palliative care are in need of continuous training, learn communication strategies and have a good collaboration between different professionals and other care institutions to be able to offer a better, safe and person-centered care to the end.

This thesis "The Needs of Parents during End-of-Life Care for Terminally Ill Child" deals with the needs of families in which a child had died from a serious illness. The main goal of this thesis is to map the needs of parents caring for a terminally ill child during the course of the illness, the time of dying, and after the death of the child. The thesis also analyses the source of risk factors occurring while parents cope with care provision. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the loss of a child. The opening chapter is devoted to paediatric palliative care, including an assessment of the current situation in the Czech Republic. Based on the available sources, grief theories are described. Furthermore, the effect of the death of a child on the family is mapped, including the impact on the parent's relationship and the way parents cope with their grief. The last section of this part covers the possible reactions of parents to their loss. The empirical part detects the needs of parents caring for a terminally ill child. It maps the mechanisms which help parents to cope when caring for their child or dealing with their loss. It also identifies the risk factors influencing on the ability to cope with the care provision. The data were collected using qualitative research techniques. The...

The thesis deals with the integration of health and social services for patients with incurable diseases. In the theoretical part I define notions of aging and old age and in connection with that I point out the aspects that the old age and the aging bring. In another area of the theoretical part I explicate the laws and regulations of the Czech Republic relating to the given issue. I also provide a statistical overview of the development of the population, diseases and places of death and in relation to these factors I mention the principles of the palliative care. The conclusion of the theoretical part is devoted to an overview of available researches dealing with the integration of health and social care in both the Czech Republic and abroad. In the empirical part using qualitative research I examine how individual research respondents perceive linking health and social services in the care of a patient with an incurable disease in homes for the elderly, and what possibilities and obstructions are there according to themselves with the provision of palliative care in the links between health and social services. Based on the analysis of qualitative research I defined the various factors that may influence the integration between health and social services. According to these findings, in the...

This oral interpretation thesis studies the use of oral interpretation in social contexts. The context chosen was the Hospice movement, which deals with assisting terminally ill persons and their families through the stages of death and bereavement. A readers theatre script was compiled for "Ann's Haven: Hospice of Denton County," which was selected for the locus of this thesis. The script was presented to various civic groups for the purpose of informing the public and eliciting support for Ann's Haven. It was found that oral interpretation is a viable rhetorical tool and is well liked by audiences as a means of public enlightenment.

Bakgrund Den palliativa vårdens mål är att lindra lidande och främja livskvaliteten för patienter ilivets slutskede. Det finns olika typer av lidande såsom fysiska, psykiska och existentiellavilket betyder att lidandet behöver mötas ur ett multidimensionellt perspektiv. Ensammanställning av palliativa patienters beskrivning av en värdig död kan utökasjukvårdspersonalens kunskap och förståelse om patienternas prioriteringar, behov ochönskningar i livets slutskede. Syfte Syftet var att sammanställa palliativa patienters beskrivning av en värdig död. Metod En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt, baserad på 20 kvalitativ och kvantitativavetenskapliga originalartiklar inhämtades från databasen PubMed med hjälp av sökord iolika kombinationer. Artiklarna valitetsgranskning utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolasbedömningsunderlag för vetenskaplig kvalitet och klassificering. Resultatetsammanställdes och analyserades sedan med en integrerad dataanalys för att identifieralikheter och skillnader i resultatet. Resultat I sammanställningen av resultatet identifierades tre huvudkategorier: Minskat livslidandegenom ökad autonomi, Minskat sjukdomslidande samt minskat vårdlidande. Resultatetvisade att få dö med minimerat lidande, att få dö med autonomin i behåll, samt att få dö iden miljö och runt de man önskar är de viktigaste aspekterna för en värdig död. Slutsats Då sökningar efter relevanta artiklar gav betydligt fler träffar på artiklar med syfte attbelysa vårdpersonalens eller närståendes perspektiv på vad en värdig död innebär är ämnetpalliativa patienters beskrivning av en värdig död något som det bör forskas vidare på föratt förbättra just deras upplevelse av sin sista tid i livet. / Background The goal of palliative care is to relieve suffering and promote quality of life for patients inthe final stages of life. There are different types of suffering such as physical,psychological and existential, which means that suffering needs to be met from amultidimensional perspective. A compilation of palliative care patients' description of adignified death can increase healthcare professionals' knowledge and understanding ofpatients' priorities, needs and wishes at the end of life. Aim The aim was to compile palliative care patients' description of a dignified death. Method A non-systematic literature review, based on 20 qualitative and quantitative scientificoriginal articles were obtained from the PubMed database using search terms in severalcombinations. The articles have undergone a quality review based on Sophiahemmet University’s assesment documents for scientific quality and classification. Results werecompiled and then analyzed using an integrated data analysis to identify similarities anddifferences in the results. Results In the compilation of the results, three main categories were identified: Reduced sufferingof life through increased autonomy, Reduced suffering from illness and reduced sufferingfrom care. The results showed that being able to die with minimized suffering, being ableto die with autonomy preserved, and being able to die in the environment and around thoseone wishes are the most important aspects for a dignified death. Conclusions As searches for relevant articles gave several hits on articles with the aim of elucidating theview of the healthcare staff or relatives on what a dignified death means, the subject ofpalliative care patients’ view on a dignified death is something that should be furtherresearched in order to improve their experience of their last time in life.

Bakgrund: Under år 2022 inrapporterades 48,733 dödsfall till Svenska palliativregistret. Stor del av den forskning inom det palliativa fokuserar på anhöriga och vårdares perspektiv. Samtidigt medför den moderna strävan för personcentrering av vården behovet för insikt i hur de döende i sjukdom uppfattar sin situation och tillvaro. Syfte: Att beskriva döende patienters uppfattning om dödens olika aspekter. Metod: En litteratursökning genomfördes med hjälp av databasen MEDLINE via PubMed. Använda söktermer var attitude to death, perception, perceptions, qualitative research, terminally ill, view och views. Tio artiklar baserade på döende personers perspektiv om uppfattningen av döden valdes ut av författarna till litteraturstudien. Artiklarna analyserades sedan genom tematisk analys. Huvudresultat: Två huvudteman identifierades: Att ställas inför nytt perspektiv och Hur döden bemöts är viktigt. Att ställas inför nytt perspektiv som tema berör känsloreaktionen i mötet med döden, kampen om att finna mening, relationen till tillvaron och betydelsen av acceptans. Uppfattningarna kopplade till temat Hur döden bemöts är viktigt behandlar de sätt de döende sjuka hanterar sin situation, vad som hjälper och stjälper, vad som är viktigt och på vilket sätt. Slutsats: Samtidigt som patienternas uppfattning av dödens olika aspekter påvisade individuell variation relaterat till sociokulturella och psykoandliga faktorer; fanns det en övergripande överensstämmelse i uppfattningen om dödens olika aspekter. I patienternas beskrivna uppfattning av dödens aspekter påvisas möjligheten till en förbättrad personcentrerad palliativa vård. / Background: In 2022 there were 48,733 deaths reported to the Swedish register of palliative care. A big part of the palliative research is focused on relatives and care workers perspectives. At the same time the modern pursuit of patient-centered care brings the need for insight on how terminally ill patients perceive their situation and existence. Aim: To describe dying patients' perceptions on the different aspects of death. Method: A literature search was conducted in the database MEDLINE via PubMed. The searchterms used were attitude to death, perception, perceptions, qualitative research, terminally ill, view and views. Ten articles based on the perspective of terminally ill patients' perception of the aspects of death were selected by the authors of this review. The articles were then analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Two themes were identified: To be faced with a new perspective and How death is dealt with is important. The theme To be faced with a new perspective touches on the emotional reactions when confronted with death, the struggle to find meaning, connections to one's existence and the significance of acceptance. The perceptions connected to the theme How death is dealt with is important deals with the ways the terminally ill manage their situation, what helps and hinders, what is important and in what way. Conclusion: At the same time the patients' perceptions on the aspect of death showed individual variation related to sociocultural and psychospiritual factors; an overall congruence regarding perceptions of the aspects of death was found. In the patients' described perception of the aspects of death, the possibility for improvement of person-centered palliative care is demonstrated.

The marginalisation of palliative and pastoral care practices by conventional approaches to care for terminally ill patients, motivated the research curiosity. The significance of terminal patient's spirituality, their language practices and communities of concern are endorsed as being the major contributing factor to meaningful 'living' with terminal illness. Listening to stories has been the qualitative research practice, revealing meaning-making, quest stories. Feminist theology and post-modern ideas and discourses have assisted me, and the participants, in the deconstruction of power, patriarchy and dualism as the primary contributing factors to marginalisation of people due to illness, race, gender, poverty, culture and education. Pastoral care practices and feminist theology have guided us to emphasise the necessity to recognise the God of Grace as an important part to ensuring holistic patient care. Recognising the 'God-Self, respectful narrative and pastoral care practices paved the way to honour sacred spaces and voice stories of terminal illness. / Practical Theology / M.Th (Specialisation Pastoral Therapy)

According to the Ministry of Health (1996:26), the most common chronic/terminal illnesses were cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, cancer, mental disorders, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and asthma. Long term treatment and care and the growing incidence of these conditions necessitated the introduction of home-based care (HBC). Consequently, family care givers play a major role in the provision of care to chronically/terminally ill patients and professional health care providers adopt a supervisory role. This study examined the quality of home care services provided in Botswana. The availability and accessibility of home-based care services and resources have a direct bearing on the quality of home-based care delivery system. The researcher used systems theory was used as the conceptual framework for this study. The study aimed to • determine the accessibility and availability of home-based care services in Molepolole East • investigate what the perspectives and experiences of family care givers, patients and professional health care providers of Botswana home-based care are • determine the roles of professionals health care providers, patients, and family care givers and their relationships in the context of home- based care • identify the needs of chronically/terminally ill patents and family care givers • determine the type of support given to family care givers and patients by professional health care providers and make recommendations for the improvement of home-based care • develop a model to prepare family care givers The research design combined quantitative and qualitative research methods. A sample of convenience was used to obtain information from patients' family care givers and professional health care providers. Interviews and questionnaires were used. A proposed care giving preparedness model is presented to meet needs of the family care givers. The study found that family care givers needs are neither known nor catered for by the professional health care provider. The family care givers were not adequately prepared before adopting the care-giving role. It is recommended that • The proposed preparedness care giving training model is considered for training of patients and family care givers before discharge and during HBC. • Increase patients and family care givers decision-making / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)