In vielen Lebenssituationen müssen Menschen auf der Grundlage von vagen Informationen Zustände analysieren, bewerten, vorhersagen und entscheiden. Vagheit ist ein zentrales Charakteristikum der menschlichen Sprache, da viele Worte keine ganz klaren Abgrenzungen haben sondern fließend ineinander übergehen. Wie alt ist z.B. ein junger Mann? Und wo liegt die Altersgrenze, die junge von alten Männern trennt? Die meisten Menschen werden auf diese Frage übereinstimmend antworten, dass man die Altersgrenze nicht präzise festlegen kann und dass jung und alt Konzepte sind, die beispielsweise vom Standpunkt oder Kontext abhängig sind und graduell ineinander übergehen. Der graduelle Übergang verhindert eine klare Unterscheidung der unscharfen Aussagen (junge versus alte Männer) und stellt Menschen vor die Aufgabe, mit dieser Ungenauigkeit umzugehen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Vagheit sprachlicher Ausdrücke (linguistische Terme) und hat zum Ziel, eine konsistente fuzzy Methodik zur Erfassung der Begriffsbedeutungen zu entwickeln, sie empirisch zu überprüfen und die Ergebnisse auf praktische Fragestellungen (z.B. die Nutzung in verbalen Fragebogenskalen) anzuwenden. Hierbei werden die linguistischen Terme als unscharfe Mengen (fuzzy sets) konzeptualisiert und mathematisch mit fuzzy Zugehörigkeitsfunktionen beschrieben. Die Formalisierung der Terme ermöglicht eine Objektivierung und bildet die Grundlage für die Nutzung in computerbasierten Systemen (z.B. Decision Support Systemen). Folgende zentrale Punkte sind Gegenstand der Arbeit: (1) Die Vorstellung eines zweistufigen Verfahrens zur Übersetzung von linguistischen Termen in formalisierte Beschreibungen (fuzzy Zugehörigkeitsfunktionen) und dessen empirische Erprobung anhand von Wahrscheinlichkeits- und Häufigkeitsausdrücken: Die in der ersten Stufe des Verfahrens erfassten numerischen Schätzwerte für die Begriffe werden in der zweiten Stufe mit fuzzy Zugehörigkeitsfunktionen des Potentialtyps modelliert. In zwei Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass diese Funktionen ein geeignetes Mittel zur Beschreibung der Terme sind und sich durch die Nutzung der fuzzy Methodik neue Möglichkeiten zu einer systematischen Erforschung linguistischer Terme ergeben. (2) Der Transfer der durch die fuzzy Übersetzungsprozedur gewonnenen Grundlagenergebnisse in anwendungsorientierte psychologische Forschungsbereiche: Die vorgeschlagenen Methodik wird zur Auswahl und Evaluation von sprachlichen Begriffen für Fragebogenskalen mit verbalen Antwortkategorien genutzt. Anhand der verbalen Antwortskala eines Beispielfragebogens (COPSOQ) konnte in zwei Studien gezeigt werden, dass die Abstände zwischen den Antwortkategorien der originalen Skala nicht gleich sind. Die fehlende Äquidistanz führt dazu, dass die Voraussetzung für eine parametrisch-statistische Auswertung der Daten nicht gegeben ist und beispielsweise keine Mittelwerte berechnet werden dürften. Es zeigte sich ebenso, dass die erarbeitete fuzzy Methodik die Auswahl besser geeigneter äquidistanter Terme ermöglicht. (3) Die Vorstellung und Nutzung der fuzzy Methodik für die Auswertung von unscharfen Daten, die aus den Antworten verbaler Fragebogenskalen stammen: Hierbei werden die fuzzy Auswertungsergebnisse mit den Ergebnissen der herkömmlichen statistischen Auswertungsprozedur verglichen. In einer Studie, in der ein Fragebogen zur Messung von chronischem Stress (TICS) exemplarisch untersucht wurde, konnte gezeigt werden, dass die fehlende Äquidistanz der Antwortkategorien zu einer Verzerrung der statistischen Ergebnisauswertung und damit auch zur Fehlinterpretation der Stressergebnisse führt. Die vorgestellte fuzzy Methodik hingegen beweist sich als inhaltlich konsistente Alternative. Abschließend werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Ergebnisse der Studien zusammenfassend diskutiert, und es erfolgt ein Ausblick auf weitere Forschungs- und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der fuzzy Methodik.

For complex technical systems in the electricity and pulp and paper industries, maintenance management addresses how to exploit physical assets in the most profitably way. This is a difficult task that requires taking into consideration parameters of totally different natures – e.g. reliability data, operating costs, condition of technical systems, the environment and rules and regulation. An incorrect estimate of a residual lifetime can result in a premature renewal with accompanying high capital costs. If, however, renewal is delayed, a breakdown may occur which can cause major damage to technical equipment and a loss of income due to outages. Because of the complexity of many technical systems, it can be hard to select adequate data to use when making decisions about renewal strategies. To cope with this, one approach is to use less detailed models that are operated by skilled analysts. This work demonstrates the advantage of such an approach by proposing two methods applied in a joint methodology that has its origins in RCM. The methodology consists of Dynamic Lifetime Model (DLA) and the Condition Based Index (CBI). The DLA method copes with the financial risk associated with the point in time for when a renewal is carried out and the CBI method uses critical parameters to estimate the condition of a technical system. The two methods together create a quantitative connection between reliability, maintenance and financial risk. A case study based validation of the methodology was carried out at SCA Ortvikens paper mill on a refiner system and Forsmark nuclear power plant. Lessons learned from the case study showed that the methodology could be used to identify which components could cause costly breakdown. By using the methodology a manager gets a decision support tool for estimating short-term and long-term consequences of decisions regarding maintenance management in order to maximize utility of the system concerned / QC 20111216

Mass., Harvard Univ., Dep. of Economics, Diss.--Cambridge, 2003. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. - Enth.

Submitted by TÂNIA TENÓRIO GOMES (taniatgs@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-23T18:19:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania_dissertação_dee_22_12_2017.pdf: 2284683 bytes, checksum: 58edd8d14052f9f162a3d091782c28c3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-01-24T11:18:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_tt_me_ilha.pdf: 2284683 bytes, checksum: 58edd8d14052f9f162a3d091782c28c3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T11:18:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_tt_me_ilha.pdf: 2284683 bytes, checksum: 58edd8d14052f9f162a3d091782c28c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A geração e distribuição de energia elétrica fazem parte de um vasto esquema no setor elétrico de cada país, tornando-se cada vez mais necessário criar alternativas para minimizar seu custo. Realizar a previsão de cargas elétricas de forma precisa garante uma infraestrutura mais eficiente e confiável para planejamento e operação do sistema elétrico. A proposta deste trabalho é realizar a previsão de carga elétrica global a curto prazo, utilizando uma técnica que forneça uma boa precisão, seja confiável e de baixo custo computacional. Portanto, foi utilizada a rede neural artificial ARTMAP Euclidiana, que é baseada na Teoria da Ressonância Adaptativa. Com objetivo de analisar a eficiência da metodologia proposta foram realizados 3 casos com diferentes horizontes de treinamento, sendo calculado o erro percentual médio. Os dados utilizados para as simulações são de uma companhia elétrica espanhola. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é aplicar a rede neural ARTMAP Euclidiana na previsão de cargas elétricas 24 horas à frente e para validar e verificar se esta rede é uma boa ferramenta para este tipo de estudo foi utilizada a rede neural ARTMAP Fuzzy com os mesmos dados empregados na rede ARTMAP Euclidiana como critério de comparação para comprovar a eficiência da rede neural ARTMAP Euclidiana. / Generation and distribution of electrical energy are very important for the development of the countries and it is necessary to create alternatives to minimize the costs. Electrical load forecasting must be realized precisely to assure a reliable and secure operation of the electrical system. The proposal of this work is to realize the short term global electrical load forecasting using a technique with good precision and reliable and with low computational cost. Thus, the Euclidian ARTMAP neural network was used which is also based on the adaptive resonance theory. Three different cases with different horizons were used for training and the percentual error is calculated. The data are from a Spanish company. The main objective is to apply the Euclidian ARTMAP neural network to forecast the loads 24 hours ahead. The results are compared with the traditional Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network using the same data and the comparison is effectuated evaluating the MAPE (mean absolute percentual error).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThalytaMNB.pdf: 410842 bytes, checksum: 318436b906e977e4b55f1945d235ad45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present research study the work professional of the Social worker in the National Institute of Social Security of Rio Grande do Norte s State, especially about the working terms, the demands and working process of Social worker in consequence of the limits established with disorganization of his institutional space derived of the Counter-Reforms of the State and of Social Security. In decade of 1990 there was in Brazil adhesion to the neoliberal politics what configured a new organization of work and a new performance of the State. Inside this context, it was accomplished the Counter-Reforms with emphasis in the privatizations, reform of the Social Security and of the device of the Brazilian State, among other actions. Particularly, in Social Service reforms brought profound consequences for the Social workers of INSS, among it: reduction of professionals and in his institutional space. This study situates the Social Worker of Social Security in front of the contemporary modifications in the world of work as well as in front of the consequences come upon of the Counter-Reforms implemented and executed by the neoliberal governments in the country of way the of frame and to enter to the globalized world and the new order of the capital. From the qualitative research based in the critical and dialectic theoreticianmethodological perspective that study the phenomena from your relations, mediations and contradictions, was possible unveil the limits and the possibilities of the professional work of the Social worker in INSS placed the Counter-Reforms of Social Security. Synthetically, the results of this investigation indicate that, there is an worsening in the inconsistency of the work with relation to social worker's functional situation and his working terms in the institution / O presente estudo trata do trabalho profissional do (a) Assistente Social no Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Focalizaremos as condi??es de trabalho e suas as demandas em face dos limites estabelecidos com a desestrutura??o do seu espa?o institucional oriundos das Contra-Reformas do Estado e da Previd?ncia Social. Na d?cada de 1990, houve a ades?o do Brasil ? pol?tica neoliberal, o que configurou uma nova organiza??o do trabalho e uma nova atua??o do Estado. Dentro desse contexto, foi realizada a Contra-Reforma com ?nfase nas privatiza??es, Reforma da Previd?ncia e do aparelho do Estado, dentre outras a??es. Particularmente, na Previd?ncia a reforma trouxe profundas conseq??ncias para os Assistentes Sociais do INSS, dentre elas: redu??o no quadro de profissionais e no espa?o institucional. Assim, situamos o Assistente Social da Previd?ncia diante das modifica??es contempor?neas no mundo do trabalho, como tamb?m diante das conseq??ncias advindas das Contra-Reformas implementadas e executadas pelos governos neoliberais no pa?s como forma de se enquadrar e adentrar ao mundo globalizado e ? nova ordem do capital. A partir da pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada na perspectiva te?rico-metodol?gica cr?tica e dial?tica que busca estudar os fen?menos a partir das suas rela??es, media??es e contradi??es, foi poss?vel analisarmos os limites e as possibilidades do trabalho profissional do Assistente Social no INSS p?s as Contra-Reformas da Previd?ncia Social. Os resultados dessa investiga??o indicam que h? uma maior precariza??o do trabalho, no que se refere a situa??o funcional do Assistente Social, e as suas condi??es de trabalho na institui??o

Orientador: Anna Diva Plasencia Lotufo / Resumo: A geração e distribuição de energia elétrica fazem parte de um vasto esquema no setor elétrico de cada país, tornando-se cada vez mais necessário criar alternativas para minimizar seu custo. Realizar a previsão de cargas elétricas de forma precisa garante uma infraestrutura mais eficiente e confiável para planejamento e operação do sistema elétrico. A proposta deste trabalho é realizar a previsão de carga elétrica global a curto prazo, utilizando uma técnica que forneça uma boa precisão, seja confiável e de baixo custo computacional. Portanto, foi utilizada a rede neural artificial ARTMAP Euclidiana, que é baseada na Teoria da Ressonância Adaptativa. Com objetivo de analisar a eficiência da metodologia proposta foram realizados 3 casos com diferentes horizontes de treinamento, sendo calculado o erro percentual médio. Os dados utilizados para as simulações são de uma companhia elétrica espanhola. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é aplicar a rede neural ARTMAP Euclidiana na previsão de cargas elétricas 24 horas à frente e para validar e verificar se esta rede é uma boa ferramenta para este tipo de estudo foi utilizada a rede neural ARTMAP Fuzzy com os mesmos dados empregados na rede ARTMAP Euclidiana como critério de comparação para comprovar a eficiência da rede neural ARTMAP Euclidiana. / Abstract: Generation and distribution of electrical energy are very important for the development of the countries and it is necessary to create alternatives to minimize the costs. Electrical load forecasting must be realized precisely to assure a reliable and secure operation of the electrical system. The proposal of this work is to realize the short term global electrical load forecasting using a technique with good precision and reliable and with low computational cost. Thus, the Euclidian ARTMAP neural network was used which is also based on the adaptive resonance theory. Three different cases with different horizons were used for training and the percentual error is calculated. The data are from a Spanish company. The main objective is to apply the Euclidian ARTMAP neural network to forecast the loads 24 hours ahead. The results are compared with the traditional Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network using the same data and the comparison is effectuated evaluating the MAPE (mean absolute percentual error). / Mestre

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-05T13:31:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ RIVAMAR DE ANDRADE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2017..pdf: 1568023 bytes, checksum: dcdd1eaa421ad9f09a4f7e8e1fbcdf81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T13:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ RIVAMAR DE ANDRADE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2017..pdf: 1568023 bytes, checksum: dcdd1eaa421ad9f09a4f7e8e1fbcdf81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A apicultura é uma área que contem um saber específico, através das suas terminologias, e que é compartilhado por biólogos, apicultores, técnicos da área, instituições que se utilizam dela para sua sobrevivência e que se preocupam com as questões ambientais, bem como com a produção de alimentos que a polinização pode proporcionar. A presente dissertação manifesta através do Dicionário de Apicultura, representa o repertório de léxicos apícolas técnico-científicos que permeiam a ciência, a prática da Apicultura, o cotidiano da humanidade. De forma sucinta, apresentam-se considerações sobre os avanços tecnológicos da Apicultura, bem como, transitando pelo marco introdutório das abelhas africanas no Brasil, observando a importância da apicultura racional e sua relação com a sustentabilidade. Em segundo momento, elucidam-se conceitos sobre o léxico, a importância da definição referentes aos termos técnico-científicos e um embasamento pragmático sobre o enquadramento e a tipologia do Dicionário de Apicultura. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus Pombal/PB, dentro do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Sistemas Agroindustriais – PPGSA, denominado de Mestrado em Sistemas Agroindustriais, com objetivo de identificar e descrever terminologias próprias à Apicultura, termos técnico-científicos delimitados através da teoria da semasiologia e onomasiologia, delimitando os conceitos referentes a cada palavra. O corpus deu-se a partir da seleção e catalogação de termos apícolas, utilizados em bibliografias específicas da área, dentre as quais: livros, revistas, periódicos, anais. Assim, encontram-se reunidos nesta dissertação a condensação do conhecimento sistemático da Apicultura na forma de Dicionário. / Beekeeping is an area that has a specific knowledge through its terminology and is shared by biologists, beekeepers, technicians in the area, institutions that use it for their survival and that are concerned with environmental issues, as well as with the Production that pollination can provide. The present dissertation, through the Dictionary of Apiculture, represents the repertoire of technical-scientific apicultural lexicons that permeate science, the practice of Apiculture, the daily life of humanity. Briefly, we present some considerations about the technological advances of Beekeeping, as well as the introduction of African bees in Brazil, observing the importance of rational beekeeping and its relation to sustainability. Secondly, concepts about the lexicon, the importance of the definition referring to technical-scientific terms and a pragmatic basis on the framing and typology of the Dictionary of Apiculture are elucidated. This research was developed at the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus Pombal/PB, within the Postgraduate Program in Agroindustrial Systems - PPGSA, named Master in Agroindustrial Systems, with the objective of identifying and describing beekeeping terminology, technical and scientific terms Delimited through the theory of semasiology and onomasiology, delimiting the concepts referring to each word. The corpus was based on the selection and cataloging of apicultural terms, used in specific bibliographies of the area, among which: books, magazines, periodicals, annals. Thus, we find in this dissertation the condensation of the systematic knowledge of Apiculture in the form of Dictionary.

A dissertação tem por objeto de estudo o papel da qualificação realizada pelo Centro de Desenvolvimento Profissional/CDP da Azaléia Calçados, na profissionalização e inserção de jovens das cidades de Parobé e Taquara a partir de 1993. A pesquisa de campo envolveu quatro alunos egressos do Curso de Multioperação de Calçados, três gerentes da empresa e um educador do projeto. O estudo toma como ângulo de análise a qualificação profissional como uma relação socialmente construída, que integra o fenômeno da relação salarial moderna, que é uma das formas históricas de regulação das relações entre capital e trabalho. Os conceitos de inserção, trajetórias e profissão completaram as referências de análise. Partindo da noção do tempo de trabalho como medida dos valores econômicos, o estudo aborda a qualificação como decorrência do modelo fordista de produção, no contexto da reestrututração produtiva no setor coureiro-calçadista. No processo de reprodução da força de trabalho se verifica a incidência da qualificação no trabalho produtivo dos jovens nas células de trabalho e nos seus modos de vida. As relações entre qualificação, trabalho e inserção profissional que caracterizam a socialização profissional, na experiência estudada acontecem através do CDP, com a mediação de uma rede social que tem um papel importante na articulação entre a qualificação e a inserção profissional. / The composition has the purpose of studying the role of qualification made by “Professional Development Center”/CDP of Azaléia Calçados (shoes factory), in the vocational training and insertion of young people of the cities Parobé and Taquara since 1993. The research involved four egressed students of “Shoes Multi-operation Course, three manager of the company and a instructor of the project. The study takes as focus of analysis the professional qualification (vocational training) as a relation socialy built, that consists of the phenomenon of the modern wage terms (rules, conditions), that is one of the historic ways to regulate the relations between capital and work (labor). The concepts of insertion, trajectories and profession have completed the analysis references. Starting with the notion of time of work (work-time) like measurement of economic value, the study deals with the qualification as a result of Ford-model of producing, in the context of productive reestruturation in the field “shoes-leather”. In the process of the reproduction of the workforce we see the occurrence of the qualification in the productive work of the young people in the work cell and in their way of life. The relations among qualification, work and professional insertion that describes the professional insertion that describes the professional socialization in the studied experience happens through the “CDP” (Professional Development Center) with the intervention of a social chain that has an important role in the link between qualification and professional insertion.

In the theoretical part I defined leasing. I mainly pointed out advantages and disadvantages, types of leasing, leasing process, tax and accounting aspects. In the practical part I compared three situations when buying a new car. Assignment of lease agreement, new leasing contract and loan financing. I made this comparison on the basis of administrative requirements, taxation and financial performance. On the basis of several methods and considerations I have concluded that the loan is the best way. Assignment of the lease agreement is at first sight very disadvantageous. Leasing is a specific accounting situation, which is often difficult for accountants too. A mistake can be easily made during accounting of leasing operations. Leasing is very complicated mainly from the tax point of view.

DALTON PLAN, its application and realization as of an educational system This work brings results of a survey of the realization and application of the dalton plan as of an educational system in czech and foreign schools. It concentrates on the impact of the enforcement of the principles of this system on school teachers and directors but mainly on students and their parents. It characterizes the specifications of the dalton plan in the Czech Republic and contrasts them, above all, with dalton in Holland but also with other countries in the world. The theoretical part of this work summarizes facts concerning history, principles, personalities and places connected with dalton. The practical part follows the ultimate methods used at different school stages, benefits and problems linked with application of dalton methods at schools. This work also involves some ideas and quotes some teachers of the dalton schools, which I have visited during my school practice and while collecting data for this work. The picture apendix of this work is an actual evidence of a real life of a dalton school in the Czech Republic.