This thesis is an assessment of the character of textual transmission reflected in the pre-fourth century Greek manuscripts of the Gospel of John. Since John is the most attested New Testament book among the early papyri, has the highest number of papyri that share overlapping text, and is the best attested Christian text in the second century, it serves well as a case study into the level of fluidity and stability of the New Testament text in its earliest period of transmission. The transmission of New Testament writings in this period has been characterized by a number of scholars as error-prone, free, wild and chaotic. This thesis is an inquiry into the validity of this characterization. I contend that our earliest extant manuscripts should serve as the most relevant evidence for addressing this issue, both for the period in which they were copied and for inferences about the preceding period for which we lack manuscript evidence. My treatment of the earliest Greek manuscripts of John primarily involves a fresh and full assessment of the level of fluidity and stability exhibited in the 14 smaller fragments (P5, P22, P28, P39, P52, P90, P95, P106, P107, P108, P109, P119, P121, 0162) by identifying on the basis of internal evidence the character of variants and unique readings attested. Additionally, I compare the number, character and significance of the singular/sub-singular readings of each early fragmentary manuscript with those in the same portion of text in the major majuscule manuscripts up through the seventh century that share complete overlap. The unique readings of P66 and P75 are added to this comparison where they fully overlap with the smaller fragments. Since P45 and P66 have been particularly identified with a “free” manner of transmission, I include an extended discussion in my introductory section in which I engage with research on the character of transmission exhibited in these two witnesses. My analysis of these early manuscripts based on the internal evidence of readings allows for a more in-depth and accurate characterization of the freedom and/or care exhibited. The comparison of singular and sub-singular readings with those of the later majuscules facilitates a diachronic comparison of the number and nature of readings most likely to have been generated at the time in which each respective manuscript was transcribed. This latter step allows us to test, by way of these passages, whether or not the manuscript tradition can be fairly characterized as freer and more prone to corruption in the second and third centuries than in subsequent centuries. From these data, and in conjunction with observations made on any relevant physical features of the manuscripts themselves, I conclude that the copying of John during the second and third centuries was characterized largely by stability and by continuity with the later period. These conclusions serve the broader purpose of providing a window on the character of New Testament textual transmission in the earliest centuries.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos: a) reproduzir o manuscrito Diario da Navegaçaõ de Theotonio Joze Juzarte (testemunho do museu paulista/Ipiranga) com as edições fac-similar e paleográfica, justalinearmente; b) apontar as variantes semântico-sintáticas e semânticolexicais da edição Uspiana Brasil 500 anos em relação ao manuscrito supracitado; e da cópia em Portugal (Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal) em relação ao documento no Brasil. Para atingir tais objetivos, orientou-se pelos preceitos teórico-metodológicos da Crítica Textual em Cambraia (2005) e Spina (1997); adentrou-se no contexto histórico; fizeram-se as análises codicológica e paleográfica, sucintamente; escanearam-se fotos; digitalizou-se todo o manuscrito, conforme as regras da edição paleográfica; fez-se o levantamento das variantes que interferem no sentido do texto manuscrito do Brasil, comentando-as. Essas variantes ocorreram, principalmente, por omissão ou por substituição de grafemas, palavras, sintagmas e frases erros de leitura do modelo (paleográficos); de memorização (retenção do texto), de ditado interior. A pesquisa revelou uma série de variantes (semântico-sintáticas e semânticolexicais) que possibilitaram uma diversidade de comentários, comprovando que ainda há dificuldades na elaboração de edições, no Brasil. / This research aims to: a) reproduce the manuscript Diario de navegação of Theotonio Joze Juzarte with facsimile and paleographic editions, line by line; b) point out the semanticsyntactic and semantic-lexical variants of the Uspiana Brasil 500 anos issue as related to the above manuscript, and the copy in Portugal (Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal) relative to the document in Brazil. To achieve these objectives, guided by the theoretical and methodological principles of textual criticism - in Cambraia (2005) and Spina (1997), the historical context was investigated; the codicological and paleographic analysis was briefly proceeded; pictures were scanned; the whole manuscript was scanned, according to the paleographic rules edition; the survey of the variants that affect the meaning of the text in Brazil was performed and commentated. These variants occur mostly by omission or by substitution of graphemes, words, syntagms, and phrases - model reading errors (paleographic); memorization (text retention) of prior dictation. The research revealed a number of variants (semantic, syntactic, and semantic-lexical) that enabled a variety of comments, proving that rigor is still missing in the preparation of editions in Brazil.

Esta pesquisa propõe um mergulho no Convívio texto que Dante Alighieri redigiu nos primeiros anos do século XIV de modo a destacar a sua importância dentro da obra dantesca e das letras italianas. Para isso, em um primeiro momento, são apresentados e discutidos alguns dos problemas que envolvem a obra, como, principalmente, a língua de sua composição, as odes à filosofia como salvadora do homem, e o combate ao senso comum a respeito da nobreza do indivíduo. Optou-se por privilegiar a perspectiva do autor, que estrutura o texto a partir de um autocomentário a três de suas canções doutrinárias compostas na juventude e reapresentadas por ele nos primeiros anos de exílio político. Num segundo momento, este trabalho apresenta uma tradução integral do Convívio, sempre com a intenção de que prevaleça a suposta voz de Dante na maior parte das questões acima mencionadas. Por ser esse o texto dantesco que mais provoca discussões quanto ao seu estabelecimento, a tradução se dá a partir da edição crítica de Franca Brambilla Ageno (1995), mas destacando em nota as principais variantes textuais defendidas, principalmente nos séculos XIX e XX, por outros estudiosos e editores. Assim, tal trabalho visa sugerir a importância da discussão filológica no campo dos estudos dantescos feitos no Brasil, discussão essencial pela ausência de testemunhos originais que atestem o verdadeiro teor das palavras de Dante. / This reasearch proposes an in depth analysis of Convivio a work which Dante Alighieri wrote in the first years of the XIV century in order to show its importance in the Dantesque work and in the Italian literature. In a first moment, some problems concerning the work are presented, such as the language of its composition, the odes to philosophy as mans saviour and the battle against common sense in respect to the nobility of the individual. We chose to give privilege to the authors perspective, which builds the text from a self-comment to three of his doctrinal songs composed in his youth and brought back to the public eye in his first years of political exhile. In a second moment, this work presents a full translation of Convivio, always aiming at keeping Dantes supposed voice in most part of the matters stated above. Since this is the Dantesque text that brings more discussions as far as its establishment is concerned, the translation is carried out from the critical edition of Franca Brambilla Ageno (1995). However, notes were written to show the main textual variations defended by other students of Dantes work and editors, especially in the XIX and XX centuries. Therefore, the present work aims at suggesting the importance of the philological discussion in the field of the Dantesque studies carried out in Brazil, which is essential due to the absence of original statements that confirm the real intention of Dantes words.

Conservée dans quatre langues différentes, la Chronique de Morée relate la naissance et le premier siècle d’existence de la principauté française d'Achaïe ou de Morée – territoire correspondant à la presqu'île du Péloponnèse –, l’une des réalisations durables (1205-1460) ayant suivi l’occupation de Constantinople et des provinces byzantines au cours de la quatrième croisade. La thèse vise à produire une nouvelle édition de la version française de la chronique selon le manuscrit conservé à Bruxelles (Bibliothèque Royale 15702, env. 1400), unique témoin en français. Le nouveau texte critique, offert dans une approche plus sensible aux problèmes de la philologie matérielle par rapport à la précédente édition (Jean Longnon, 1911), est accompagné d'une étude linguistique, un glossaire, une description codicologique, un commentaire au texte et des index, ainsi que d’une introduction qui présente le status quaestionis sur la datation et la langue du prototype à l’origine des quatre versions conservées. / The Chronicle of Morea, preserved in four different languages, tells of the foundation and the first century in the history of the French principality of Achaia or Morea, a territory corresponding to the Peloponnese peninsula. This was one of the longest lasting French dominions (1205-1417), established in the wake of the occupation of Constantinople and the Byzantine provinces during the Fourth Crusade. The thesis consists of a new critical edition of the French version of the chronicle based on the manuscript preserved in Brussels (Bibliothèque Royale 15702, approx. 1400), the only witness in French. Compared to the previous edition (Jean Longnon, 1911), the new critical text is informed by an increased awareness of issues raised by material philology. It includes a linguistic study, a glossary, a codicological description, a commentary to the text and indexes and an introduction which presents the status quaestionis on the dating and the language of the prototype at the origin of the four extant versions.

La tesi ricostruisce la complessa vicenda della scrittura e pubblicazione del celebre poema Uljalaevščina di Il’ja Sel’vinskij. La stesura dell’opera, le sue riscritture e pubblicazioni non sono mai state oggetto di indagine, perciò il lavoro della dott.ssa Krasnikova, basato su fonti sia d’archivio sia a stampa, costituisce il primo studio sistematico della storia del poema che analizza tutte le fonti pubblicate e d’archivio conosciute attualmente (la maggior parte delle quali non è mai stata studiata prima) e utilizza sia i metodi tradizionali della critica del testo sia gli strumenti digitali. Con il suo lavoro di ricerca la dott.ssa Krasnikova ha individuato e stabilito tutte le versioni del testo del poema, e anche gli altri materiali che possono far luce sulla storia del poema; successivamente, ha descritto e analizzato le versioni, definito il tipo e il grado delle differenze tra le varianti, cercando di capire i motivi dei mutamenti. Tra i risultati della ricerca spiccano la creazione dell’elenco di tutte le versioni del poema e dei suoi frammenti (38 testi in totale) e la costruzione di un corpus digitale delle versioni di Uljalaevščina. / The thesis reconstructs the complex story of the creation and publication of the famous Uljalaevščina, a poem by Ilya Selvinsky. The issue has never been studied, so the work of Anna Krasnikova, based on archival and published sources, constitutes the first systematic study of the history of the poem. The author analyzes all the published and archival sources currently known (most of which have never been studied before) and uses traditional methods of text criticism and digital tools. The author has identified and established all the versions of the text of the poem, as well as other materials that can be useful for the reconstruction of the history of the poem; she has described and analyzed all he versions, defined the type and degree of differences between the variants, trying to understand the reasons for the changes. Among the research results are the creation of a list of all the versions of the poem and its fragments (38 texts in total) and the construction of a digital corpus of the versions of Uljalaevščina.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é tentar contribuir para a definição do melhor método de solução dos difíceis problemas críticos-textuais que o livro de Oseias apresenta testando uma das estratégias mais recentes, a teoria da existência de um dialeto específico, o hebraico israeliano, supostamente presente no livro. Indiretamente, busca-se também fazer avançar o conhecimento do hebraico do século VIII a.C., ao se estudar tanto a existência quanto a contribuição específica do dialeto mencionado à ciência da crítica textual / The goal of this research is to contribute with de discovery of the best method of solving difficult critic textual problems in the book of Hosea through a test of one of the latest strategies, the theory of the existence of a specific dialect, the Israelian Hebrew, supposedly present in the book. Indirectly, it also seeks to advance our knowledge of the Hebrew language of the eighth century BC, when studying both existence and specific contribution of the dialect referred to the science of textual criticism

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos: a) reproduzir o manuscrito Diario da Navegaçaõ de Theotonio Joze Juzarte (testemunho do museu paulista/Ipiranga) com as edições fac-similar e paleográfica, justalinearmente; b) apontar as variantes semântico-sintáticas e semânticolexicais da edição Uspiana Brasil 500 anos em relação ao manuscrito supracitado; e da cópia em Portugal (Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal) em relação ao documento no Brasil. Para atingir tais objetivos, orientou-se pelos preceitos teórico-metodológicos da Crítica Textual em Cambraia (2005) e Spina (1997); adentrou-se no contexto histórico; fizeram-se as análises codicológica e paleográfica, sucintamente; escanearam-se fotos; digitalizou-se todo o manuscrito, conforme as regras da edição paleográfica; fez-se o levantamento das variantes que interferem no sentido do texto manuscrito do Brasil, comentando-as. Essas variantes ocorreram, principalmente, por omissão ou por substituição de grafemas, palavras, sintagmas e frases erros de leitura do modelo (paleográficos); de memorização (retenção do texto), de ditado interior. A pesquisa revelou uma série de variantes (semântico-sintáticas e semânticolexicais) que possibilitaram uma diversidade de comentários, comprovando que ainda há dificuldades na elaboração de edições, no Brasil. / This research aims to: a) reproduce the manuscript Diario de navegação of Theotonio Joze Juzarte with facsimile and paleographic editions, line by line; b) point out the semanticsyntactic and semantic-lexical variants of the Uspiana Brasil 500 anos issue as related to the above manuscript, and the copy in Portugal (Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal) relative to the document in Brazil. To achieve these objectives, guided by the theoretical and methodological principles of textual criticism - in Cambraia (2005) and Spina (1997), the historical context was investigated; the codicological and paleographic analysis was briefly proceeded; pictures were scanned; the whole manuscript was scanned, according to the paleographic rules edition; the survey of the variants that affect the meaning of the text in Brazil was performed and commentated. These variants occur mostly by omission or by substitution of graphemes, words, syntagms, and phrases - model reading errors (paleographic); memorization (text retention) of prior dictation. The research revealed a number of variants (semantic, syntactic, and semantic-lexical) that enabled a variety of comments, proving that rigor is still missing in the preparation of editions in Brazil.

This study seeks to gain an understanding about the scribal tendencies observed in the Fourth Gospel in Codex Alexandrinus using the method of isolating and classifying singular readings similar to what was first proposed by Colwell, and later modified by Royse and others. In addition to singular readings made before corrections, this study considers singular readings in relation to punctuation markers and line breaks. First, a brief introduction to Codex Alexandrinus is given. Second, the method used to undertake this study is set forth and explained. Third, each singular reading in the Fourth Gospel in Codex Alexandrinus is listed under each respective group in which it is classified, the text of the exemplar is reconstructed if possible and each singular reading is discussed. Finally, the resulting data are analyzed and conclusions are given regarding the tendencies of the scribe responsible for the Fourth Gospel in Codex Alexandrinus. In general, this thesis demonstrates that the strongest tendency of the scribe was that of omission; the scribe was reluctant to add or to harmonize. Harmonizations, when they do occur, are never corrected. Both punctuation and line breaks often afforded the opportunity for the scribe to become distracted and to commit error.

Beowulf is preserved in a single manuscript written out around the year 1000, but there are many reasons to believe that the poem was composed several centuries before this particular act of manual reproduction. Most significantly, the meter of Beowulf reveals that the poet regularly observed distinctions of etymological length that became phonologically indistinct before 725 in Mercia. This dissertation gauges the explanatory power of the hypothesis that Beowulf was composed about three centuries before the production of the extant manuscript. The following studies test the hypothesis of archaic composition by determining whether it is able to accommodate independent forms of evidence drawn from the fields of linguistics, textual criticism, and literary history.

For many, contemporary theatre is represented by the musical. The form remains, however, virtually unstudied by literary scholars. In part, this may be a result of the difficulty of accessing the texts. Reading a musical from a traditional codex is no easy matter. The integration of text and music in a musical make it inappropriate to separate the two. One can try to follow along with a cast recording. In most cases, though, this is awkward. Many cast albums record a significantly modified version of the score and lyrics and few include the entire work. Further, musical theatre texts often exist in many different versions. This work begins with a summary of the problems one encounters when editing a multi-authored text (musicals often have a lyricist, librettist, and composer) which may be revised for practical (rather than aesthetic) reasons. The merits of restoring the material changed during the production process are debated. In this discussion some attempt is made to identify who should be considered the dominating collaborator (or auteur) of a musical. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that the notion of trying to restore an "authorial Ur-Text" makes little sense given the multitude of collaborators involved in the process of making musicals. Instead, an electronic variorum edition is presented as an alternative means of studying and teaching musical theatre texts. The study concludes with a narrative of the authors own work on an electronic edition of the 1998 Broadway musical Parade and ends with a critical introduction to this text.