The main research focus of this study was to determine more clearly to what extent Atticism influenced textual variants that are considered to belong to the Alexandrian text type. Since the time of Westcott and Hort, the Alexandrian text type has been regarded as a manuscript tradition which is representative of relatively high stylistic Greek. This assumption seems likely, especially given the fact that Alexandria and the areas which gave rise to the manuscripts comprising the Alexandrian text type were cultural centres of learning as well as of a newlyfound Hellenistic awareness within the Roman Empire. One of the movements stemming from this newfound awareness was Atticism, which was, amongst other things, an artificial literary movement which strove towards emulating the classical Attic literary dialect. However, in the last few decades the question of the alleged presence of Atticist influence in the manuscripts of the Greek New Testament has received its share of conflicting scholarly treatment among textual critics, especially since the 1963 publication of G.D. Kilpatrick s influential article, Atticism and the text of the Greek New Testament . On the one hand, there is common assent that Atticism exerted a profound influence on all Greek prose of the first century. On the other hand, some difference of opinion exists as to whether Atticism actually influenced the composition of the New Testament text in any significant way. The influence on the transmission of the New Testament texts is another question that still needs a fuller treatment in order to proceed from mere scholarly opinion to a more established empirical degree of certainty. The current study is an investigation into the nature of Atticism and its relationship with the classical Attic dialect. The results of this investigation were then used as basis for an evaluation of the alleged Atticisms in the Alexandrian witnesses, taking the witnesses to the text of I John as sample. In the process, thoroughgoing eclecticism as text-critical method is evaluated, and an adapted reasoned eclectic method proposed with which to conduct the investigation of the variants in I John. The results have shown that in the textual tradition of I John, inconsistencies of correction and scribal usage occur frequently within the Alexandrian text type and that the correction was predominantly not towards Attic, but rather displayed a tendency towards Hellenistic-Koine usage. In summary, the investigation demonstrates that the uniformity of the Alexandrian text type as a whole, if not completely suspect, should at least be judged very critically when it comes to matters of characteristic features which have for decades been accepted as true, such as the Alexandrian text type s reputation as one displaying stylistically polished Greek. The investigation of I John has shed valuable light on the methodological presupposition that categories of text types are fixed above all doubt, and that they display general typical characteristics. This presupposition has been exposed as false and indicates that one follows it at one s methodological peril. / MA (Greek), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The main research focus of this study was to determine more clearly to what extent Atticism influenced textual variants that are considered to belong to the Alexandrian text type. Since the time of Westcott and Hort, the Alexandrian text type has been regarded as a manuscript tradition which is representative of relatively high stylistic Greek. This assumption seems likely, especially given the fact that Alexandria and the areas which gave rise to the manuscripts comprising the Alexandrian text type were cultural centres of learning as well as of a newlyfound Hellenistic awareness within the Roman Empire. One of the movements stemming from this newfound awareness was Atticism, which was, amongst other things, an artificial literary movement which strove towards emulating the classical Attic literary dialect. However, in the last few decades the question of the alleged presence of Atticist influence in the manuscripts of the Greek New Testament has received its share of conflicting scholarly treatment among textual critics, especially since the 1963 publication of G.D. Kilpatrick s influential article, Atticism and the text of the Greek New Testament . On the one hand, there is common assent that Atticism exerted a profound influence on all Greek prose of the first century. On the other hand, some difference of opinion exists as to whether Atticism actually influenced the composition of the New Testament text in any significant way. The influence on the transmission of the New Testament texts is another question that still needs a fuller treatment in order to proceed from mere scholarly opinion to a more established empirical degree of certainty. The current study is an investigation into the nature of Atticism and its relationship with the classical Attic dialect. The results of this investigation were then used as basis for an evaluation of the alleged Atticisms in the Alexandrian witnesses, taking the witnesses to the text of I John as sample. In the process, thoroughgoing eclecticism as text-critical method is evaluated, and an adapted reasoned eclectic method proposed with which to conduct the investigation of the variants in I John. The results have shown that in the textual tradition of I John, inconsistencies of correction and scribal usage occur frequently within the Alexandrian text type and that the correction was predominantly not towards Attic, but rather displayed a tendency towards Hellenistic-Koine usage. In summary, the investigation demonstrates that the uniformity of the Alexandrian text type as a whole, if not completely suspect, should at least be judged very critically when it comes to matters of characteristic features which have for decades been accepted as true, such as the Alexandrian text type s reputation as one displaying stylistically polished Greek. The investigation of I John has shed valuable light on the methodological presupposition that categories of text types are fixed above all doubt, and that they display general typical characteristics. This presupposition has been exposed as false and indicates that one follows it at one s methodological peril. / MA (Greek), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Thesis (DTh (Old and New Testament))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study takes as its point of departure the contributions of the Dead Sea scrolls to the discipline of Old Testament textual criticism. It deals with a particular approach to this discipline and its application to the four Lamentations manuscripts from Qumran (3QLam, 4QLam, 5QLam a and 5QLam b ). The approach to Old Testament textual criticism followed in the study treats the Qumran manuscripts of Lamentations, the Masoretic text and the ancient translations as witnesses to the content of the book and not merely as witnesses to earlier forms of its Hebrew wording. The unique readings in 3QLam, 4QLam, 5QLam a and 5QLam b and their difficult or ambiguous readings are subjected to a comparative text-critical analysis. This analysis focuses on how the variant readings in the Qumran manuscripts were created by scribes during the process of copying. It therefore examines the influence that the scribal transmission exercised on the wordings of the passages from Lamentations that are preserved in 3QLam, 4QLam, 5QLam a and 5QLam b The analysis also considers whether comparative philology and/or the ancient . Greek, Syriac, Latin and Aramaic translations can shed light on the textual problems which the Hebrew wordings of the Lamentations manuscripts from Qumran share with the Masoretic text. The aims of this study are to establish, by means of this text-critical analysis, how the Lamentations manuscripts from Qumran present the content of the book and thereby gain a better understanding of these manuscripts as textual witnesses. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie neem die bydraes van die Dooie See rolle tot die dissipline van Ou Testament tekstekritiek as uitgangspunt. Dit handel oor ’n bepaalde benadering tot die dissipline en die toepassing daarvan op die vier Klaagliederemanuskripte wat by Qumran gevind is (3QLam, 4QLam, 5QLam a en 5QLam b ). Die benadering tot Ou Testament tekstekritiek wat in die studie toegepas word, hanteer die Qumranmanuskripte van Klaagliedere, die Masoretiese teks en die antieke vertalings as getuies van die boek se inhoud en nie slegs as getuies van vroeëre vorms van die boek se Hebreeuse bewoording nie. Die unieke lesings in 3QLam, 4QLam, 5QLam a en 5QLam b en die moeilike of dubbelsinnige lesings word onderwerp aan ’n vergelykende tekstekritiese analise. Die analise fokus op die wyses waarop die wisselvorme in die manuskripte geskep is gedurende die proses van kopiëring. Die analise ondersoek dus die invloed wat die oorleweringsproses uitgeoefen het op die bewoording van die gedeeltes uit Klaagliedere wat in 3QLam, 4QLam, 5QLam a en 5QLam b behoue gebly het. Die analise stel ook vas tot hoe ’n mate vergelykende filologie en/of antieke Griekse, Siriese, Latynse en Aramese vertalings lig kan werp op die tekstuele probleme wat die Hebreeuse bewoording van die Klaagliederemanuskripte van Qumran met die Masoretiese teks in gemeen het. Die doel van die studie is om deur middel van ’n tekstekritiese analise vas te stel hoe die Klaagliederemanuskripte van Qumran die inhoud van die boek weergee en sodoende ’n beter verstaan van hierdie manuskripte as teksgetuies te bekom.

The purpose of this thesis is to assess the extent to which the singular readings of a manuscript reveal the tendencies of the scribe who wrote its text by examining three related Greek manuscripts from the sixth century. The three manuscripts are all luxury copies of the Gospels' purple codices, so named because they are written in silver and gold ink on parchment that has been dyed purple. The manuscripts, Codex Purpureus Petropolitanus (N 022), Codex Sinopensis (O 023) and Codex Rossanensis (Σ 042), were all copied in the sixth century from a common exemplar. Chapter One introduces the three manuscripts. Chapter Two provides a history of research on scribal habits and singular readings, and it describes the method used in this thesis to determine both the validity of the singular readings method and the actual scribal habits of 022, 023 and 042. Chapter Three provides a preliminary assessment of each scribe by comparing scribal features in the passages extant in all three manuscripts. Chapters Four, Five and Six assess the scribal habits of 022, 023 and 042, respectively. In these chapters, perceived scribal habits are measured by a modified singular readings method to replicate the situation for each manuscript if it had no extant close relatives' the situation for most early manuscripts. Actual scribal habits are then determined by the places the scribe changed the text of the exemplar. Chapter Seven offers some concluding thoughts about the scribes, their exemplar and the use of singular readings to determine scribal habits. Appendix One presents for the first time an edition of the reconstructed text of the exemplar of 022, 023 and 042, where at least two of the three manuscripts are extant. Appendices Two, Three and Four are full transcriptions of the Gospel of Matthew in 022, 023 and 042, respectively. Appendix Five provides information on singular readings and corrections in 042 where it alone is extant of the three manuscripts. Appendix Six describes the codicological structures of the three manuscripts. Appendix Seven is a transcription and brief discussion of 080, a fragmentary of a purple codex dating to the sixth century. Finally, both 022 and 042 contain a series of secondary corrections made against a second exemplar, and Appendix Eight argues that the scribe of 042 was responsible for these corrections in both manuscripts.

Submitted by Verena Bastos (verena@uefs.br) on 2015-10-05T13:06:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o P?s-defesa cd.pdf: 2539613 bytes, checksum: 1ceec6c5da8c0219ecbc3727e60ea542 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-05T13:06:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o P?s-defesa cd.pdf: 2539613 bytes, checksum: 1ceec6c5da8c0219ecbc3727e60ea542 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / The proposed work aims to reflect on the reliability of literary texts as they occur in certain Portuguese Language Textbook. Thus, our corpus is constituted of twelve literary texts transcribed in Portuguese language textbooks, adopted in schools of elementary and middle. We analyze specifically the authenticity of such texts, following the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Textual Criticism, science whose essential character is the preservation of written culture. Our investigation was based on the corpus is eminently comparative analysis of texts in comparison with the published texts by writers. We focus on observing the structural and / or lexicogrammatical and therefore semantic speech transcription of these texts. Allied to these issues, we will discuss about the inclusion of literature in the school curriculum, discussing the process of didactization the literary text and the consequences resulting from this act. Data analysis revealed the existence of many differences between literary texts published in its sphere of origin and the texts inserted in textbooks. We note that the texts were violated in order to fulfill the purposes of didactization, disregarding not only the author of the literary text but also the reader in training. / O trabalho proposto busca refletir sobre a confiabilidade de textos liter?rios tal como se apresentam em determinados Livros Did?ticos de L?ngua Portuguesa. Desta forma, o nosso corpus se constitui de doze textos liter?rios transcritos em livros did?ticos de l?ngua portuguesa, adotados em escolas de n?vel fundamental e m?dio. Analisamos, especificamente, a autenticidade de tais textos, seguindo os pressupostos te?rico-metodol?gicos da Cr?tica Textual, ci?ncia cujo car?ter essencial ? a preserva??o da cultura escrita. Nossa investiga??o do corpus se pautou em uma an?lise eminentemente comparativa dos textos em cotejo com os textos publicados pelos escritores. Concentramo-nos em observar os aspectos estruturais e/ou l?xico-gramaticais e, por conseguinte, sem?nticos do discurso na transcri??o dos referidos textos. Aliada a essas quest?es, debateremos sobre a inser??o da literatura ao curr?culo escolar, discutindo sobre o processo da didatiza??o do texto liter?rio e as consequ?ncias advindas deste ato. A an?lise dos dados revelou a exist?ncia de muitas diverg?ncias entre os textos liter?rios publicados em sua esfera de origem e os textos inseridos nos livros did?ticos. Observamos que os textos foram transgredidos de forma a atender aos prop?sitos da didatiza??o, desconsiderando n?o somente o autor do texto liter?rio como tamb?m o leitor em forma??o.

In the fictional world of the twentieth century author, Georges Bernanos, a medieval spirituality is reflected through Christocentric imagery. This study highlights the Christocentric focus of medieval spirituality found in three bernanosian characters: Donissan in Sous le Soleil de Satan, Chantal in La Joie, and le cure d'Ambricourt in Journal d'un cure de campagne. Two medieval images, the Mirror and the Way, provided a backdrop for considering common thematic characteristics. This study is divided into two parts. Part One comprises two chapters which present background for textual analysis in Bernanos' three novels. Chapter one explores formative elements in medieval spirituality. These include: descriptions of the medieval mindset, clerical and ecclesial influences, devotional trends related to themes of Christocentric imitation, edification images, specifically, the Mirror and the Way, and chivalry. Chapter two presents formative elements in Bernanos' spirituality. Familial, clerical and ecclesial influences of his childhood contributed to his Christocentric spirituality. Biographical descriptions of Bernanos' adolescent and adult years reveal similarities of his lived experience to medieval themes of pilgrimage, chivalry and imitation. In Part Two, Donissan, Chantal and le cure are considered in the context of medieval trends to imitate Christ. Images of the Way and the Mirror emerge in the four chapters of this section. In chapter three, a textual analysis is presented which juxtaposes virtuous qualities of each main character to the virtues of the medieval devotion to the Infancy. In chapters four and five, the characters are described in relation to another major devotional trend of medieval times: the Passion. Chapter four considers the bernanosian saints as imitators of Jesus' agony while chapter five addresses their imitation of his Way of the cross. In both chapters, imagery related to medieval Christ-like imitation is identified. Chapter six highlights themes of death and resurrection, the culminating steps of the medieval journey of imitation. Descriptions of Bernanos' saintly instruments of grace emphasize their adherence to the medieval pursuit towards wholeness. Dawn imagery and the theme of communion of saints are treated in this discussion of transformation. Endnotes accompany each of the six chapters.

This dissertation aims at providing a new critical edition of the fictitious Letters of the Courtesans attributed to Alciphron (late 2nd or early 3rd century AD). The first part of the introduction begins with a brief survey of the problematic dating and identification of Alciphron, followed by a general overview of the epistolary genre and the letters of Alciphron. The main part of the introduction deals with the manuscript tradition. Eighteen manuscripts, which contain some or all of the Letters of the Courtesans, are described and the relationship between them is analyzed based on complete collations of all the manuscripts. The conclusion, which is illustrated by a stemma codicum, is that there are four primary manuscripts from which the other fourteen manuscripts derive: Vaticanus gr. 1461, Laurentianus gr. 59.5, Parisinus gr. 3021 and Parisinus gr. 3050. The introduction concludes with a brief chapter on the previous editions, a table illustrating the selection and order of the letters in the manuscripts and editions, and an outline of the editorial principles. The guiding principle for the constitution of the text has been to use conjectural emendation sparingly and to try to preserve the text of the primary manuscripts wherever possible. The critical apparatus has been divided into a main apparatus below the text, which reports variant readings from the primary manuscripts and a small selection of conjectures, and two appendices which report scribal conjectures from the secondary manuscripts and conjectures by modern scholars with bibliographical references. A third appendix has also been added which lists all conjectures adopted into the  text. The parallel translation, which is accompanied by brief explanatory notes on names and places, is literal and serves as a complement to the commentary, which primarily deals with matters of textual criticism. In the commentary problematic passages are discussed, especially where an emendation has been adopted or where the present edition differs from previous editions. After the three appendices the dissertation ends with a bibliography.

Cette thèse est conçue comme un préalable à l’édition critique et à l’interprétation des Dialogues d’Orasius Tubero. Elle consiste en 4 séries de recherches, dont les 3 premières ([I] recherches codicologiques et recherches bibliologiques [II] sur les anciennes éditions des Dialogues et [III] sur les exemplaires des deux premières) visent à reconstituer la genèse de leur texte tandis que la quatrième ([IV] recherches historiques) est consacrée aux modalités concrètes de leur composition, de leur impression, et de leur diffusion immédiate.La première partie présente en premier lieu une étude de l’écriture (graphie) du Philosophe fondée sur le recensement et l’examen de l’ensemble des documents explicitement autographes. L’identification de sa main permet (1) de reconnaître les notes inscrites par Le Vayer dans les volumes de sa bibiothèque mais aussi (2) dans les marges des manuscrits de ses œuvres et surtout (3) de distinguer clairement entre les inscriptions allographes et autographes présentent dans les différents exemplaires des premières éditions des Dialogues. Elle est donc indispensable à l’éditeur de ses œuvres. Ces recherches codicologiques offrent ensuite un essai d’histoire et de classement des trois manuscrits connus des Dialogues – dont deux sont antérieurs à leur première édition. La seconde est dédiée à l’analyse bibliologique et historique des cinq premières éditions du texte : la 1ère partielle de 1631 (A), la 2nde édition complète de 1633 (B), la 1ère réédition partielle de 1671 (C), la 2nde réédition partielle de 1673 (D) et la 1ère réédition complète de 1716 (E). Ces recherches permettent en particulier d’identifier leur lieu et date d’impression respectif, ainsi que l’imprimeur de A et B ; et de préciser les relations génétiques de tous les témoins du texte des Dialogues.La troisième est consacrée au recensement, à l’analyse bibliologique et la collation systématiques des exemplaires connus des premières éditions. Les résultats de ces recherches sont (1) la détermination approximative des tirages de A et B ; (2) la découverte d’annotations autographes dans tous ces exemplaires et la distinction, en ce qui concerne B, de 22 exemplaires ordinaires et de 7 exemplaires spéciaux, ainsi que (3) l’identification d’un exemplaire dans lequel se trouve le plus grand nombre de corrections autographes et qui doit donc servir à ce titre de base à l’édition critique et à l’interprétation des Dialogues.La quatrième a pour objet les conditions historiques de la composition, de l’impression et de la réception immédiate des Dialogues, lesquelles doivent avant tout reposer sur la biographie de leur auteur, c’est-à-dire sur l’interprétation d’un certain nombre de données chronologiques relatives aux principaux événements de sa vie publique et privée. Sur la base de ce cadre biographique on s’est intéressé, pour limiter la subjectivité de l’interprétation du texte, à leur nature (pures fictions, transpositions littéraires ou transcriptions de dialogues réels), à leur objet (philosophie sceptique de l’auteur ou conversations réelles d’un groupe d’amis érudits du philosophe) à leur fin (démonstrative ou mémoriale) ainsi qu’à leur statut. De cette dernière série de recherches il appert que les Dialogues d’Orasius Tubero, loin d’être une publication clandestine subversive, est une impression privée à usage privé qui était destinée aux amis de l’auteur et devait les aider à conserver la mémoire de conversations philosophiques passées. / This thesis is conceived as a preliminary study for the critical edition and interpretation of Dialogues faits à l’imitation des anciens by Orasius Tubero. It consists of four research projects, of which the first three ([I] codicological and bibliological research [II] on early editions of the Dialogues and [III] on copies of the first two editions) aim at reconstructing the genesis of their text, while the fourth ([IV] historical research) is devoted to the practical modalities of their composition, printing, and immediate reception.The first part presents a study of the Philosopher’s handwriting based on an inventory and examination of all the explicitly autograph documents. The identification of his handwriting allows (1) to identify the notes written by Le Vayer in books form his personal library, but also (2) in the margins of the manuscripts of his works and especially (3) to clearly distinguish the allograph and autograph inscriptions featured in the different copies of the first editions of the Dialogues. This identification is therefore essential to any publisher of his works. This codicological research then attempts to tell the history and provide a classification of the three known manuscripts of the Dialogues, two of which predate the first edition.The second part is devoted to the bibliological and historical analysis of the five early editions (1630-1716): the first partial edition of 1631 (A); the complete second edition of 1633 (B); the first partial reissue of 1671 (C); the second partial reissue of 1673 (D); and the first complete reissue of 1716 (E). This research makes it possible in particular to identify their respective place and date of printing, as well as the printer-publisher of A and B; and to clarify the genetic connections between all the witnesses of the text of the Dialogues.The third part is devoted to an inventory, systematic bibliological analysis and collation of known copies of the first editions. The findings of this research are (1) an estimate of the print runs of A and B; (2) the discovery of autograph annotations in all these copies and the distinction between 22 ordinary copies and 7 special copies of B, as well as (3) the identification of a copy in which was found the largest number of autograph corrections, which should therefore serve as a basis for the scholarly edition and interpretation of the Dialogues.The fourth concerns the historical conditions of the composition, printing and immediate reception of the Dialogues, based first of all on their author’s biography, in other words, on the interpretation of a certain number of chronological facts pertaining to the main events of their author’s public and private life. On the basis of this biographical framework, I have sought to limit the subjectivity of interpreting the texts by focusing on their nature (pure fiction, literary transpositions or transcripts of real dialogues), their subject (the author’s philosophical skepticism or real conversations of a group of the Skeptic’s erudite friends) and their purpose (demonstrative or memorial), as well as their status. From this last series of research projects, it appears that the Dialogues of Orasius Tubero, far from being a secret subversive publication, is a private printing meant for private use by the author’s friends, intended to allow them to preserve the memory of past philosophical conversations.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T11:08:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thennerfreitasdacunha.pdf: 960488 bytes, checksum: 478646ef862fdb82516281b83b54a6ee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-11T15:56:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thennerfreitasdacunha.pdf: 960488 bytes, checksum: 478646ef862fdb82516281b83b54a6ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T15:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thennerfreitasdacunha.pdf: 960488 bytes, checksum: 478646ef862fdb82516281b83b54a6ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar como ocorrem as reclamações em audiências de conciliação realizadas no PROCON através das descrições feitas pelas partes envolvidas, uma vez que ao descrever as pessoas fazem atribuições oferecendo versões que tornam a acusação (reclamação) relevante e digna de crédito. Uma asserção sobre os fatos só é feita quando as pessoas têm diferentes versões e/ou diferentes interesses, desta forma vamos ver como diferentes versões são contrastadas para a construção do fato, observando as formulações extremas utilizadas pelas partes em seus relatos. Em uma interação, estamos sempre argumentando, ou seja, tentando convencer o outro a chegar a certas conclusões que sejam de nosso interesse. O corpus analisado corresponde a algumas audiências de conciliação realizadas no PROCON de uma cidade de Minas Gerais. / This study aims to identify the claims as they occur in conciliation hearings held in PROCON through the descriptions made by the involved parties, as when describing people do assignments offering versions that make the complaint (complaint) relevant and credible. An assertion about the facts is only done when people have different versions and / or different interests, thus we see how different versions are contrasted to the construction of the fact, are the extreme formulations used by the parties in their reports. In an interaction, we are always arguing, or trying to convince the other to reach certain conclusions that are of our interest. The corpus analyzed corresponds to some conciliation hearings held in PROCON in a city located in Minas Gerais.

Abstract In my study, I am using methods of text criticism to analyse how Chrisfrid Ganander (1741–1790) marked the word-final k in the Kalevala-metre old poems that he recorded in his dictionary and in Mythologia Fennica. These poems were published in the XV part of the Ancient Poems of the Finnish People. My study is linked to folkloristics, but belongs principally to the field of research into Old Literary Finnish. In my philological analysis I am comparing Ganander’s poetic texts with other old texts in the Kalevala-metre and analysing their relations and the origins and history of the texts. I am interpreting the phonetic and morphologic structure of the poems with the help of the context and on the cultural historical basis of the texts. The results of my study would seem to indicate that Ganander marked the final k clearly more frequently than his other contemporaries. In earlier studies Ganander’s marking of the final k has been criticized for inconsistency. In fact, in my data, the occurrences of the word-final k are not morphologically regular in the sense that the final k would always systematically occur in, e.g., imperatives. However, a regular pattern can be found in the way in which the cases with a final k fit the general ideas about the occurrence of the final k. Nevertheless, my data also include a few extraordinary occurrences of the final k and even some cases that may be deemed erroneous. The irregularities in the marking can be explained by the fact that Ganander had several different text versions of the same poem. The way in which Ganander marked the final k seems to have been affected mostly by the source texts and locality of the verses; their morphology, phonetic environment, and verse type. Yet, Ganander seems to have even used the final k deliberately in some cases. This is evident from a few cases of the final k in the texts Ganander produced himself and certain results of my philological analysis. The essential is that Ganander marked his final k’s in places where they could be expected from a historical perspective. Thus, it seems that he had an idea of where the final k’s should be. Ganander seems to have followed the marking of the final k’s in his sources very faithfully. However, it is especially interesting that he also marked the final k’s in verses based on source texts where the final k’s had not been marked. Ganander may have had old notes about these poems in his possession that the others did not have access to or that were not preserved in their collections. These verses might even represent poetry collected by Ganander himself. It seems that Ganander managed to catch and record rare and old linguistic material that has not, in fact, been preserved anywhere else. As a philologist, Ganander was versatile, critical, and enlightened, but he also made up some of his analyses purely on the basis of poetic verses. His dictionary includes even erroneous and incoherent interpretations. Ganander’s dictionary quotations that are based on folklore texts may also seem imaginative in the sense that he was trying to explain the world of folk poetry in them. Ganander’s philological interpretations – including their errors – have left their mark on later literary works. Thus, the poetic language as it was recorded by Ganander has affected the description of the Finnish language in dictionaries and grammars. The study and analysis of the language in the folk poems may therefore shed light on the history of the scientific description of the Finnish language. / Tiivistelmä Tarkastelen tutkimuksessani tekstikriittisin menetelmin, miten Chrisfrid Ganander (1741–1790) on merkinnyt sananloppuista k:ta sanakirjaansa ja Mythologia Fennicaan kirjaamiinsa kansanrunoteksteihin, jotka on julkaistu Suomen kansan vanhat runot -teoksen XV osassa. Tutkimukseni sivuaa folkloristiikkaa, mutta sijoittuu pääosin vanhan kirjasuomen tutkimuksen piiriin. Filologisessa analyysissani vertaan Gananderin runotekstejä muihin kansanrunoteksteihin ja selvittelen niiden suhteita sekä tekstien alkuperää ja historiaa. Tulkitsen runotekstien äänne- ja muotorakennetta kontekstin avulla sekä tekstin kulttuurihistorialliselta pohjalta. Tulokseni osoittavat, että Ganander merkitsi -k:ta selvästi enemmän kuin muut aikalaisensa. Aiemmassa tutkimuksessa Gananderin loppu-k:n merkintää on moitittu epäjohdonmukaiseksi. Loppu-k:n esiintyminen aineistossani ei olekaan morfologisesti säännöllistä sillä tavalla, että esimerkiksi imperatiiveissa olisi aina systemaattisesti k. Säännönmukaisuus näkyy kuitenkin siinä, että loppu-k:lliset tapaukset sijoittuvat aika hyvin yleisiin käsityksiin loppu-k:n esiintymisestä. Aineistossani on silti muutamia erikoisia ja myös virheellisinä pidettäviä loppu-k-tapauksia. Epäsäännöllistä merkintätapaa selittää se, että Gananderilla on ollut hallussaan samasta runosta useita erilaisia tekstejä. Gananderin loppu-k:n merkintään näkyvät vaikuttaneen lähinnä runosäkeiden lähdetekstit ja paikallisuus, morfologia, äänneympäristö ja säetyyppi. Ganander näyttää silti operoineen jonkin verran tietoisestikin loppu-k:lla. Osoituksena tästä ovat paitsi hänen itse tuottamissaan teksteissä esiintyvät muutamat loppu-k:t myös eräät filologisen analyysini tulokset. Oleellista on, että Ganander on merkinnyt -k:n historiallisesti odotuksenmukaiseen paikkaan. Hänellä näyttää siis olleen jonkinlainen käsitys siitä, mihin loppu-k kuuluu. Ganander näyttää olleen varsin uskollinen lähteidensä loppu-k:n merkinnälle. Erityisen kiinnostavaa on kuitenkin se, että hän on merkinnyt loppu-k:ta myös sellaisiin säkeisiin, joiden lähdetekstissä -k:ta ei ole merkitty. Gananderilla on voinut olla hallussaan näistä runoista sellaisia vanhoja muistiinpanoja, joita muilla ei ole ollut tai joita muiden kokoelmissa ei ole säilynyt. Nämä säkeet saattaisivat jopa edustaa Gananderin itsensä keräämää runoaineistoa. Ganander näyttäisi tavoittaneen ja panneen muistiin sellaista harvinaista ja vanhaa kielellistä ainesta, jota ei ole muualla juuri säilynyt. Filologina Ganander oli monimuotoinen, kriittinen ja valistunut, mutta hän kehitti joitakin analyysejaan pelkästään runosäkeiden perusteella. Hänen sanakirjassaan on myös virheellisiä ja sekavia tulkintoja. Gananderin kansanrunoteksteihin pohjautuvat sanakirjasitaatit saattavat tuntua mielikuvituksellisilta siksikin, että hän selittää niissä kansanrunojen maailmaa. Gananderin filologinen tulkinta on jättänyt jälkensä myöhempiin teoksiin – kaikkine virheineenkin. Näin runokieli Gananderin kirjaamana on päässyt vaikuttamaan suomen kielen kuvaukseen sanakirjoissa ja kieliopeissa. Kansanrunojen kielen tutkimus ja analyysi voivat siis osaltaan valaista suomen kielen tieteellisen kuvauksen historiaa.