Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) tem sido uma das pragas mais importantes da cultura do milho no Paraguai e Brasil. Este trabalho foi realizado para subsidiar programas de manejo de resistência no Paraguai, reconhecendo-se a proximidade das fronteiras agrícolas desse país com Brasil e a alta capacidade de dispersão de S. frugiperda. Para tanto, foram realizados estudos de caracterização da suscetibilidade aos inseticidas lufenuron e flubendiamide e de diversidade genética e o fluxo gênico em populações de S. frugiperda coletadas nas principais regiões produtoras de milho do Paraguai e de dois Estados fronteiriços do Brasil (Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná). O método de bioensaio para a caracterização das linhas-básica de suscetibilidade foi o de tratamento superficial da dieta artificial com o inseticida. As variações na suscetibilidade a lufenuron e flubendiamide entre as populações de S. frugiperda testadas foram baixas (< 4 vezes), comparando-se as populações das regiões Oriental e Ocidental do Paraguai que apresentam caraterísticas climáticas distintas ou entre as populações do Paraguai e do Brasil. Para o monitoramento da suscetibilidade de populações de S. frugiperda no Paraguai foram definidas as doses diagnósticas, baseada na DL99, de 0,16 &mu;g de lufenuron.cm-2 (equivalente a 10 &mu;g de lufenuron.mL-1 de água) e 2,84 &mu;g de flubendiamide.cm-2 (180 &mu;g de flubendiamide.mL-1 de água). Mediante o uso de 12 loci microssatélites, foram verificadas maior diversidade genética dentro das populações (87,70%) quando comparada entre as populações de cada país (9,91%) e entre países (2,39%). Sendo assim, não foi constatada alta estruturação genética entre as populações de S. frugiperda coletadas no Paraguai e Brasil. As populações do Paraguai mostraram-se mais distintas entre si quando comparadas com as populações do Brasil. Nossos resultados apontam baixa estruturação genética e moderado/alto fluxo gênico entre as localidades de coleta de populações de S. frugiperda e entre as populações do Paraguai e Brasil. Os resultados obtidos na presente pesquisa servirão para a implementação de um programa de manejo da resistência de S. frugiperda a inseticidas no Paraguai, com ênfase na necessidade de ações no âmbito regional considerando os estados fronteiriços do Brasil. / Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has been one of the most important corn pests in Paraguay and Brazil. This research was conducted to collect information to insect resistance management programs in Paraguay considering the proximity of agricultural borders of this country with Brazil and the high dispersal capacity of S. frugiperda. We conducted studies to characterize the susceptibility to the insecticides lufenuron e flubendiamide and to evaluate the genetic diversity and gene flow among S. frugiperda populations collected from major corn-producing regions in Paraguay and two frontier States of Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná). The bioassay method to characterize the baseline susceptibility was the diet surface treatment with the insecticide. The variation in the susceptibility to lufenuron and flubendiamide among S. frugiperda populations tested was low (< 4-fold) by comparing populations from Estearn and Western regions of Paraguay with distinct climatic conditions or populations from Paraguay and Brazil. For susceptibility monitoring to lufenuron and flubendiamide in S. frugiperda populations in Paraguay, we defined the diagnostic doses based on LD99 of 0.16 &mu;g of lufenuron.cm-2 (equivalent to 10 &mu;g of lufenuron.mL-1 of water) and 2,84 &mu;g of flubendiamide.cm-2 (180 &mu;g of flubendiamide.mL-1 of water). Using 12 microsatellite loci, higher genetic diversity within populations (87.70%) than among populations within each country (9.91%) and between countries (2.39%). Thus, there was no high genetic structure between S. frugiperda populations collected in Paraguay and Brazil. The populations of S. frugiperda from Paraguay were more distinct among themselves when compared with the populations from Brazil. Our results suggest low genetic structure and moderate/high gene flow among different sampling locations of S. frugiperda populations as well as between populations from Paraguay and Brazil. The results obtained in this research will support the implementation of resistance management programs of S. frugiperda to inseticides in Paraguay with focus on the need of plan of actions at regional level considering the border States of Brazil.

Submitted by Michele Mologni (mologni@unoeste.br) on 2018-07-27T14:02:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Tavares de Almeida.pdf: 648777 bytes, checksum: 415a188441b2acf7c0cb46fd1aeeac2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T14:02:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Tavares de Almeida.pdf: 648777 bytes, checksum: 415a188441b2acf7c0cb46fd1aeeac2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous species which attacks many economically important crops in several countries. This insect is an important pest of corn, and currently the most widely used control method is chemical. In order to minimize environmental impacts, other forms of control have been tried, and accordingly, the investigation of plants with insecticidal effects becomes relevant. Thus the present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Euphorbia pulcherrima leaves (poinsettia) in fall armyworm biology. Extracts were prepared from leaves of the plant E. pulcherrima collected at different phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive), oven dried, crushed and then solubilized in ethanol, yielding the ethanol extract. The extracts were set aside in 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations for each phenological stage of the plant, incorporated into an artificial diet and offered to the larvae of S. frugiperda. The extract of vegetative and reproductive phase of E. pulcherrima leaves in concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, has showed effects on larvae of S. frugiperda affecting mortality, increasing the larval period and reducing the weight of larvae. The extract of the reproductive phase in two concentrations (0.5% and 1%) reduced the pupal weight and feces excreted by the caterpillars. The highest concentration of the ethanolic extract from the reproductive stage of the leaves reduced the viability of the eggs. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of E. pulcherrima leaves in the reproductive phase of the plant is effective to reduce the S. frugiperda population. / A lagarta-do-cartucho (Spodoptera frugiperda) é uma espécie polífaga que ataca diversas culturas economicamente importantes em vários países. Esse inseto é uma importante praga do milho, e atualmente a forma mais utilizada de controle é o químico. No intuito de minimizar impactos ambientais, outras formas de controle têm sido experimentadas, e nesse sentido, a investigação de plantas com ação inseticida torna-se relevante. Diante disso o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato etanólico de folhas de Euphorbia pulcherrima (Bico-de-Papagaio) na biologia da Lagarta-do-cartucho. Foram elaborados extratos a partir de folhas da planta E. pulcherrima coletadas em diferentes fases fenológicas (vegetativa e reprodutiva), secas em estufa, trituradas e então solubilizadas em etanol, obtendo-se o extrato etanólico bruto. Os extratos obtidos foram reservados nas concentrações 0,5% e 1,0% para cada fase fenológica da planta, incorporados em dieta artificial e oferecidos para as lagartas de S. frugiperda. O extrato de folhas de E. pulcherrima da fase vegetativa e reprodutiva nas concentrações de 0,5% e 1%, apresentaram efeitos sobre as lagartas de S. frugiperda, afetando a mortalidade, prolongando o período larval e reduzindo o peso das lagartas. O extrato da fase reprodutiva nas duas concentrações (0,5 % e 1 %) reduziu o peso de pupas e das fezes excretadas pelas lagartas. A maior concentração do extrato etanólico de folhas da fase reprodutiva reduziu a viabilidade dos ovos. Conclui-se que o extrato de folhas de E. pulcherrima da fase reprodutiva é eficiente para a redução de população de S. frugiperda.

O uso de tecnologias assistivas objetivando proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida a idosos está em franca ascensão. Uma das linhas de pesquisa nessa área é o uso de dispositivos para detecção de quedas de idosos, um problema cuja ocorrência é cada vez maior devido a diversos fatores, incluindo maior longevidade, maior número de pessoas vivendo sozinhas na velhice, entre outros. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo vestível, um nó sensor de redes de sensores sem fio de ultra-baixo consumo. Também descreve a expansão de um sistema KNX, ao qual o dispositivo é integrado. O dispositivo é capaz de identificar quedas, auxiliando no monitoramento de idosos e, por sua vez, aumentando a segurança dos mesmos. O monitoramento é realizado através de acelerômetro e giroscópio de 3 eixos, acoplados ao peito do usuário, capaz de detectar quedas através de um algoritmo de análise de limites determinados a partir da fusão dos dados dos sensores. O sensor vestível utiliza tecnologia EnOcean, que propicia conexão sem fio com um sistema de automação de casas inteligentes, de acordo com a norma KNX, através da plataforma Home Assistant. Telegramas de alarmes são automaticamente enviados no caso de detecção de quedas, e acionam um atuador pertencente ao sistema KNX. Além de validar a tecnologia EnOcean para uso em dispositivos vestíveis, o protótipo desenvolvido não indicou nenhum falso positivo através de testes realizados com dois usuários de características corporais diferentes, onde foram reproduzidos 100 vezes cada um dos oito tipos de movimentos (quatro movimentos de quedas e quatro de não quedas). Os testes realizados com o dispositivo revelaram sensibilidade e de especificidade de até 96% e 100%, respectivamente. / The use of assistive technologies to provide quality of life for elderly is increasing. One of the research lines of this area is the use of devices for fall detection, which is an increasing problem due to many factors, including greater longevity, more elders living alone, among others. This work presents the development of a wearable device, a sensor node for ultra-low power networks. Also, describes the expansion of a KNX system, which the device is integrated. The device is able to detect falls which can aid the monitoring of the elderly people and improve security. The monitoring is done through a 3-axis accelerometer and gyroscope attached on the user’s chest. The fall detection is done by a threshold algorithm based on data fusion of the sensors. The wearable sensor is an EnOcean node, which includes a wireless connection with a smart home system, according to the KNX standard, through the Home Assistant platform. Alarm telegrams are automatically sent in case of fall detection, and fires an actuator that is part of the KNX system to alarm. In addition to validating the EnOcean’s Technology for use on wearable devices, the developed prototype didn’t indicated any false positives through tests performed with two users of different body characteristics, where each of the eight types of movements (four movements of falls and four of non-falls) were reproduced 100 times. The tests done with the device revealed sensitivity and specificity of up to 96% and 100%, respectively.

O uso de inseticidas do grupo das espinosinas tem sido crescente no manejo de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) no Brasil. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi fornecer subsídios para a implementação de estratégias de Manejo da Resistência de Insetos (MRI), mediante a condução de estudos de monitoramento e de padrão de herança da resistência de S. frugiperda a spinetoram. Inicialmente foram realizadas linhas-básica de suscetibilidade para definições de concentrações diagnósticas para o monitoramento da resistência, e posteriormente foram conduzidos estudos para estimar a frequência do alelo que confere resistência a este inseticida de S. frugiperda a spinetoram. A caracterização da suscetibilidade foi realizada por meio bioensaio de ingestão mediante tratamento superficial da dieta com o inseticida. Os valores de CL50 estimadas variaram de 0,97 a 2,98 &mu;g de spinetoram /mL (variação de 3 vezes) entre as populações de S. frugiperda testadas. A concentração diagnóstica baseada na CL99 foi de 5,6 &mu;g de spinetoram /mL. Foram verificadas diferenças significativas nas suscetibilidades das populações de S. frugiperda nas safras 2016/17 e 2017/18, com sobrevivência variando de 0 a 30,2% na concentração diagnóstica. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam o aumento da sobrevivência de S. frugiperda a spinetoram ao longo das safras, com maiores sobrevivências registradas em populações coletadas na região Oeste do estado da Bahia. As frequências do alelo que confere resistência a spinetoram, estimadas pelo método de F2 screen, variaram de 0,0107 a 0,1688 nas populações testadas. A linhagem de S. frugiperda resistente a spinetoram foi isolada a partir do método de F2 screen realizado em uma população proveniente da cultura do milho da região Oeste da Bahia coletada na safra de 2016. Os valores de CL50 (95% IC) obtidos pelos bioensaios de concentração-resposta foram de 0,635 (0,555 - 0,730) &mu;g de spinetoram /mL para a linhagem suscetível (SUS) e de 1170,96 (1041,61 - 1323,89) &mu;g de spinetoram/mL para a linhagem resistente a spinetoram (SPT-R), resultando em uma razão de resistência de 1844 vezes. A população SPT-R apresentou alta resistência cruzada com spinosad. Os cruzamentos recíprocos entre as linhagens SUS e SPT-R revelaram que a resistência de S. frugiperda a spinetoram é autossômica e incompletamente recessiva. Os retrocruzamentos da progênie F1 com a linhagem SPT-R evidenciaram que a resistência possui efeito poligênico. A estimativa do número efetivo de loci com contribuições iguais de efeito para a resistência foi de 1,18 a 1,76, sugerindo que a resistência de S. frugiperda a spinetoram está associada a poucos genes. Os resultados apresentados nesse estudo fornecem subsídios para elaboração de programas de MRI para preservar a vida útil de spinetoram para o manejo de S. frugiperda no Brasil. / The use of spynosin insecticides has increased to manage Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in Brazil. Then, the objective of this study was to provide information to implement Insect Resistance Management (IRM) by conducting studies to characterize the baseline susceptibility to spinetoram in Brazilian populations of S. frugiperda, to conduct resistance monitoring and to understand the inheritance of the resistance. Initially, baseline susceptibility studies were conducted to define diagnostic concentration for resistance monitoring, and then we conducted to estimate the frequency of alleles conferring resistance to this insecticide in S. frugiperda. The baseline susceptibility was performed by feeding bioassays using diet-overly treatment with the insecticide. The LC50 values ranged from 0.97 to 2.98 &mu;g spinetoram / mL (3-fold variation). The diagnostic concentration based on LC99 was 5.6 &mu;g spinetoram / mL. There were significant differences in the susceptibilities of S. frugiperda populations in the 2016/17 and 2017/18 growing seasons, with survival rates varying from 0 to 30.2%. These results showed the increase in survival of S. frugiperda to spinetoram across the growing seasons, with highest survival rates in populations of S. frugiperda collected in the Western region of Bahia state. The frequency of alleles conferring resistance to spinetoram, estimated by F2 screen, varied from 0.0107 to 0.1688 in tested S. frugiperda populations. The spinetoram-resistant strain was selected using F2 screen method in a maize field-collected population from Western Bahia region during 2016 growing season. LC50 values (95% CI) obtained from concentration-response bioassays were 0.63 (0.55-0.73) &mu;g spinetoram/mL for the susceptible strain (SUS) and 1170.96 (1041,61 - 1323.89) &mu;g spinetoram/mL for the SPT-R strain, resulting in a resistance ratio of 1,844-fold. The SPT-R strain showed high cross-resistance to spinosad. The reciprocal crosses between SUS and SPT-R showed that the S. frugiperda resistance to spinetoram is autosomal and incompletely recessive. The backcrossing of the progeny F1 with the SPT-R strain showed that the resistance has a polygenic effect. The estimation of the effective number of loci with equal resistance effect contributions was from 1.18 to 1.76, suggesting that the resistance of S. frugiperda to spinetoram is associated to few genes. The results obtained in this study provide information to implement IRM strategies to preserve the lifetime of spinetoram for managing S. frugiperda in Brazil.

La douleur chronique dont la prévalence est en augmentation en particulier chez les sujets âgés est considérée comme l’un des problèmes de santé les plus graves, non seulement en termes de souffrance humaine et de conséquences physiques et psychiques associées mais aussi en terme économique pour le système de santé et la société. Sa prise en charge reste toujours complexe surtout chez les sujets âgés d’une part pour des raisons liées aux mécanismes physiopathologiques variées de la douleur et à la pharmacopée insatisfaisante et d’autre part, pour des raisons de changements liés à l'âge, de modifications pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse issu principalement de la sous-cohorte S.AGE douleur chronique, nous donne l’opportunité (1) de décrire l’état actuel de la prise en charge médicamenteuse de la douleur chronique chez les sujets âgés non institutionnalisés par des médecins généralistes en fonction du genre des médecins; (2) d’identifier les facteurs prédictifs de chute chez les sujets âgés souffrant de douleur chronique et; (3) d’estimer le coût de consommation de soins dans cette population ainsi que d’identifier les facteurs associés aux coûts et leur évolution au cours de temps.Les principaux résultats sont:(1) Aucune différence n’a été mise en évidence entre les médecins hommes et femmes dans la prescription d’antalgiques de palier 1, 2 ou 3 (selon la classification d’OMS). Cependant, comparés aux médecins femmes, les médecins hommes ont prescrit plus de médicaments pour la douleur neuropathique et moins de médicaments Anti-Arthrosiques Symptomatiques d’Action Lente (AASAL) même après l’ajustement sur plusieurs facteurs de confusion;(2) Les facteurs prédictifs de chute identifiés chez les personnes âgées souffrant de douleur chronique sont: les antécédents préalables de chute, la dépendance dans les activités quotidiennes mesurée par l’échelle ADL, l'âge ≥75 et le fait de vivre seul à domicile. Ces facteurs non spécifiques à la douleur chronique se sont avérés pertinents dans les sous-cohortes S.AGE fibrillation atriale (FA) et diabète de type 2 (DT2).(3) Le coût moyen total de consommation de soins au premier semestre du suivi à été estimé à 2548€ ± 8885€/patient. Les facteurs indépendants associés aux coûts étaient: les comorbidités associées, la dépendance dans les activités quotidiennes, la dépression clinique probable, la nature permanente de la douleur, la douleur de type neuropathique, le fait de vivre seul à domicile, la lombalgie chronique et les fractures vertébrales/ tassement vertébraux. Dans les 18 mois suivants, les coûts de soins de santé ont augmenté de 48% (p <0,0001) (78%, 26%, 14% et 7% pour les hospitalisations, les prescriptions médicamenteuses, les visites médicales et paramédicales, respectivement).En conclusion, ce travail de thèse apporte des résultats sur plusieurs aspects de la douleur chronique chez les sujets âgés, leurs conséquences et leur prise en charge. Les résultats suggèrent une différence liée au genre de médecin dans la prescription des médicaments contre la douleur neuropathique et AASAL. Les résultats ont identifié également différents facteurs associés aux chutes et aux dépenses de santé sur lesquels des actions préventives de santé pourraient contribuer à une meilleure prise en charge des sujets âgés dans le futur. / Chronic pain whose prevalence is increasing particularly in the elderly is considered as one of the most serious health problems not only in terms of human suffering and associated physical and psychological consequences but also in terms of huge economic consequences for the health care system and society. Its management remains complex in the elderly on one hand for reasons related to the various pathophysiological mechanisms of pain and unsatisfactory pharmacopoeia. On the other hand, for reasons of changes related to age, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. In this context, this thesis derived mainly from the sub-cohort S.AGE chronic pain gives us the opportunity (1) to describe the current state of medical management of elderly suffering from chronic pain by general practitioners (GPs) according to the gender of the practitioner; (2) to identify predictors of falls in elderly patients with chronic pain; (3) to estimate health care consumption costs in this population as well as to identify factors associated to cost.The main results are: (1) no differences were found between male and female GPs in prescribing analgesics step1, 2 or 3 (according to World Health Organization classification). However, compared to women GPs, male GPs have prescribed more drugs for neuropathic pain and less Symptomatic Slow Acting Drugs for Osteoarthritis (SySADOA), even after adjustment for several confounding factors; (2) predictors of falls in the elderly with chronic pain are: fall history, dependence in daily activities measured by the ADL scale, ≥75 age and living alone at home. These factors have proven to be relevant in the sub cohort S.AGE atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus;(3) The average total cost of care consumption in the first semester was estimated to € 2.548 ± € 8.885. Independent factors associated with the costs were comorbidities, dependence in daily activities, the probable clinical depression, permanent pain, neuropathic pain, living alone at home, chronic low back pain and vertebral fractures/ vertebral compression. Health care costs increased significantly by 48% (p <0.0001) (78%, 26%, 14% and 7% for hospitalizations, medications, medical and paramedical visits, respectively) during the follow-up period.In conclusion, this thesis brings results on several aspects of chronic pain in the elderly, their consequences and management. The results suggest a difference by physician gender in prescription of drugs against neuropathic pain and SySADOA. The results also identified different predictors of falls and cost, which could contribute to a better prevention and care for elderly in the future.

The consequences of microplastics spreading from surfaces made from molded rubber granules has a negative impact on our ecosystems, plants, and other living organisms. As our understanding of these negative environmental impacts grows, the need to shape and enforce effective measures to reduce this spread also increases. This creates a challenge for the political environmental management on both a national and municipal level. This study investigates the condition of Swedish municipalities and the possibilities they have to take effective measures to reduce the spread of microplastics in facilities that use molded rubber granules, in a time when both knowledge and experience of molded rubber granules is still limited. The study also examines whether the municipality’s participation during the forming of new environmental policies impacts the final outcome. The theory is based on implementation and participitation in management and politics. The results are based on interviews with representatives from nine Swedish municipalities, all geographically spread out and of varying size. Even if the accountable party at the municipalities admitted that their surfaces made from molded rubber granules spread microplastics, they lacked knowledge on the spread’s environmental impact. Both lack of sufficient resources and possibility to take effective action due to politically conflicting goals, confirmed several of the challenges connected to participation and implementation within politics. The study finds that the lack of knowledge on the environmental impact of molded rubber granules, the municipalities’ limited resources and the conflicting goals between the requirements of accessibility and environmental requirements affect the municipalities’ possibilities to implement measures through an environmental policy. Through an increased cooperation between state and municipalities during the forming and implementation of environmental policies the goal fulfillments would likely improve. / Effekterna av mikroplastspridning från ytor av gjutet gummigranulat påverkar både ekosystem, växter och levande organismer negativt. I takt med att förståelsen för mikroplasters negativa miljöpåverkan ökar växer behovet av att utforma och vidta effektiva åtgärder för att minska mikroplastspridningen. Detta utmanar den politiska miljöstyrningen på både statlig och kommunal nivå. Studien undersöker svenska kommuners förutsättningar för att vidta åtgärder som motverkar spridning av mikroplast från anläggningar med gjutet gummigranulat. Denna studie undersöker också hur kommuners deltagande vid utformning av nya miljöpolicys kan påverka måluppfyllnaden. Den teoretiska ramen utgörs av genomförande och deltagande inom politik och förvaltning. Resultatet baseras på intervjuer med representanter för nio geografiskt spridda svenska kommuner av varierande storlek. De ansvariga på kommunerna var medvetna om att deras ytor av gjutet gummigranulat sprider mikroplast men saknade djupare kunskap om miljöeffekterna av mikroplastspridningen. Otillräckliga ekonomiska resurser och politiska målkonflikter är några av de utmaningar som är kopplade till deltagande och genomförande inom politik och förvaltning. Kommunernas inställning till alternativa material såsom gjutet korkgranulat och åtgärder genom granulatfällor var positiv. Studien finner att bristen på kunskap om gjutet gummigranulats miljöeffekter, kommunernas resursbegränsningar och målkonflikten mellan tillgänglighetskrav och miljökrav påverkar kommunernas förutsättningar att implementera åtgärder genom en miljöpolicy. Med ett ökat deltagande genom samverkan mellan statlig och kommunal nivå vid utformning och implementering av miljöpolicys skulle måluppfyllnaden sannolikt förbättras.

Bakgrund: Ett fungerande fallpreventivt arbete är av stor vikt både ur ett individ- och samhällsperspektiv och de mest effektiva fallförebyggande åtgärderna består av träning. Med ett mer digitaliserat samhälle har möjligheten att utöva träning med stöd av digital teknik utvecklats. Vidare forskning behövs för att undersöka hur äldre personer upplever träning med hjälp av digitala medel. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa äldre personers upplevelser och erfarenheter av en intervention där de under ett år erbjudits fallpreventiv träning med hjälp av ett digitalt program kompletterat med stödjande strategier.Metod: Denna kvalitativa studie baseras på en pragmatisk studie som innefattade intervjuer med äldre personer som erbjudits fallpreventiv träning med en applikation (Säkra steg) under ett år. Semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer gjordes med nio personer över 70 år, varav åtta kvinnor och en man. Materialet analyserades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: De äldre personernas upplevelser och erfarenheter skildras i temat “Individuella komponenter ger insikt och stöd för eget ansvar” som sammanfattar de sex kategorier som analysen resulterade i. Det fanns en medvetenhet kring behovet av “att skapa bästa förutsättningar för ett hållbart åldrande” och för att möjliggöra det krävdes en “innehållsrik och värdefull träning”. Deltagarna utvecklade förmågor för “att finna egna strategier för upprätthållande” och “de stödjande strategiernas roll” hade liten inverkan. Deltagarna upplevde att “styrka i kropp och själ skapar en trygg tillvaro”. Det framkom även “luckor att fylla för en bättre upplevelse” vilka kan användas till utveckling av liknande interventioner.Slutsats: Studien har bidragit till ökad förståelse för äldre personers erfarenheter kring kombinationen träning och digitala medel, den stärker även insikten om att äldre är en heterogen grupp där träningen behöver anpassas utifrån varje enskild individ.

The diploma thesis deals with the depiction of West Berlin in the 1980s in a novel by Sven Regener Herr Lehmann written in 2001, which was published in Czech under the title Ještě jedno, pane Lehmanne. The aim of the thesis is to capture the everyday life and atmosphere of the Kreuzberg district of Berlin just before the fall of the Berlin Wall. Kreuzberg district has been still the center of an alternative cultural scene. In the shadow of the Berlin Wall, this district is famous for its boisterous nightlife, dense network of nightclubs and openness to the world. The thesis follows in the footsteps of the main character Frank Lehmann, called Mr. Lehmann by his friends, because in the novel, he will soon celebrate his thirtieth birthday. In the theoretical part, the thesis firstly deals with "literary space" as an important phenomenon of literary science. This theoretical part is followed by the presentation of the novel itself and its placement in the historical-literary context. The analysis of the novel itself gradually presents the time and scene of the story, the atmosphere of Kreuzberg in the 1980s, the characteristics of the characters and finally the displaying of political events. In its conclusion, the thesis also propose a comparison of the novel with the film adaptation of 2003.

No description available.

This study investigates if a smartphones orientation in the pocket affects the result of a decision tree model trained with data from personal falls, and also how a low-pass filter affects these results. A comparison is made between the results gathered from this study, compared to previous studies and products within the field. The data was gathered using a smartphone application and was later split up to get datasets for all the different orientations of the smartphone. Before training the models, the data was processed through a low pass filter. Results showed that low pass filtered signals generally performed better and that two of the trained models, could outscore at least one other algorithm cited in this thesis in at least one category. However, existing products on the market that were investigated do not disclose their statistics and a comparison to these products could not be made. The best two orientations for the phone to be placed in the pocket was when the face of the phone was pointing out from the leg, and top of the phone was pointing up and also when the face of the phone was pointing out from the leg, and the top of the phone was pointing down.