The research study investigated the history of the curriculum standards movement in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the context of the national standards movement in order to explain how and why the Commonwealth of Virginia arrived at the decision not to adopt the Common Core State Standards based on descriptive evidence. The study utilized a qualitative methodology with a two-phase data collection process. First, documents from the Virginia Board of Education and the Virginia Department of Education were collected and analyzed using the constant comparative method (Maykut and Morehouse, 1994). Second, data were collected from major figures in the history of Virginia public education over the last 20 years, including former Superintendents of Public Instruction, through in-person interviews. Data from the interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method (Maykut and Morehouse, 1994). An interview protocol was developed, tested for content validity, and piloted prior to conducting the interviews. Categories that emerged from the data analysis for both research questions were identified and descriptive evidence was presented related to both research questions. Three major conclusions from the study were identified and discussed that appeared to influence Virginia's decision not to participate in the Common Core State Standards: the Virginia Standards of Learning are an institutionalized system; the Virginia Standards of Learning had bipartisan political support; and confidence in the Standards of Learning outweighed confidence in the Common Core State Standards. / Ed. D.

The integration of knowledge and skills across subjects and terrains of practice is crucial for achieving applied competence as defined in the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) (Department of Education 2003:3).). Physical science underperformance has plagued out Further Education Training (FET) schools sector for some time and therefore this study which is directed at the possible causes of poor performance and to device strategies that could assist physical science teachers to teach more effectively addresses a crucial gap in the performance of the country’s education provision. Emanating from the above, this study focused on the impact of National Curriculum Statement principle in the teaching of physical science in Grades 10 to 12 around Sekhukhune district. The study looked at integration as a principle endorsed in the National Curriculum Statement and how this is implemented by teachers in the teaching of physical science in grades 10-12.A literature study on the impact of National Curriculum Statement principle in the teaching of physical science was undertaken. A qualitative approach was used to obtain data from Grades 10-12 teacher in FET around Sekhukhune district. Data were collected in the form of participant observation, semi-structured and focus group interviews. The results indicate that teaches had no clear idea of integrating the relevant concepts in the subjects they were teaching (physical science). It was also found that teachers did not receive adequate in-service training specifically targeting the principle of integration. The study recommends the professional development of physical science teachers. The study indicated that the continuum model of integration is suitable for the implementation of concepts integration. It is believed that if the continuum model of integration could be used and followed by teacher as a guiding principle in the integration process, the challenges experienced by teachers in this regard will be minimized. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)

The integration of knowledge and skills across subjects and terrains of practice is crucial for achieving applied competence as defined in the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) (Department of Education 2003:3).). Physical science underperformance has plagued out Further Education Training (FET) schools sector for some time and therefore this study which is directed at the possible causes of poor performance and to device strategies that could assist physical science teachers to teach more effectively addresses a crucial gap in the performance of the country’s education provision. Emanating from the above, this study focused on the impact of National Curriculum Statement principle in the teaching of physical science in Grades 10 to 12 around Sekhukhune district. The study looked at integration as a principle endorsed in the National Curriculum Statement and how this is implemented by teachers in the teaching of physical science in grades 10-12.A literature study on the impact of National Curriculum Statement principle in the teaching of physical science was undertaken. A qualitative approach was used to obtain data from Grades 10-12 teacher in FET around Sekhukhune district. Data were collected in the form of participant observation, semi-structured and focus group interviews. The results indicate that teaches had no clear idea of integrating the relevant concepts in the subjects they were teaching (physical science). It was also found that teachers did not receive adequate in-service training specifically targeting the principle of integration. The study recommends the professional development of physical science teachers. The study indicated that the continuum model of integration is suitable for the implementation of concepts integration. It is believed that if the continuum model of integration could be used and followed by teacher as a guiding principle in the integration process, the challenges experienced by teachers in this regard will be minimized. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)

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No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCKT.pdf: 1622176 bytes, checksum: 694e5995257e999a079c1de6b0bbe47d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-05 / Não recebi financiamento / The current environmental situation is a worrying scenario, making it inevitable to take different measures that result in solutions that overcome social and environmental challenges, pointing to a world of sustainable societies. As an important part of the complex and articulated group of necessary measures, education is essential, since it is capable of raising awareness that mobilizes people for social transformation. Environmental education is a practice that incorporates themes that are crucial in the society development in general and, if implemented in a critical, reflexive, transformative and emancipatory perspective, can increase the power of people action in this direction, favoring the challenging inflection, now in demand. In Brazil, this practice is referred to in concepts and principles known and established, which must be followed in its exercise, in projects and programs of community interaction, or in contents worked in the school environment. In this context, based on an evaluation of the National Curriculum Parameters of the Environment Transversal Theme and the National Curriculum Guidelines in Environmental Education, this paper defined four indicators for the analysis of the the São Paulo State official curriculum of the elementary education in relation to the approach to the environmental question: knowledge, participation, values, contextualization. Bibliographic review followed by documental analysis were the procedures used in the research, complemented by surveys of empirical researches to verify the occurrence of environmental education initiatives in the hidden curriculum in school practices. From the documental analysis of the Teacher's Notebook of all disciplines, we sought, among the description of the activities proposed there, to verify the occurrence of the different indicators. It was observed that environmental education practice is still restricted mainly to the areas of Science and Geography, which contrasts with the main indication, parameters and guidelines established, that this should be a practice that transcends the curriculum, pointing to a possible interdisciplinarity. We made suggestions for insertion of the environmental theme in different situations of its absence in the materials analyzed, trying to show concretely possibilities of approaching the environmental issue in all disciplines. / A situação ambiental atual configura um cenário preocupante, tornando inevitável a tomada de diferentes medidas que resultem em soluções superadoras dos desafios socioambientais, apontando para um mundo de sociedades sustentáveis. Como parte importante do complexo e articulado conjunto de medidas necessárias, a educação apresenta-se como essencial, uma vez que é capaz de possibilitar uma tomada de consciência que mobilize as pessoas para a transformação social. A educação ambiental é uma prática que incorpora temáticas hoje cruciais no desenvolvimento da sociedade em geral e, se implementada numa perspectiva crítica, reflexiva, transformadora e emancipatória, pode ampliar a potência de ação das pessoas nessa direção, favorecendo a desafiadora inflexão ora em demanda. No Brasil, esta prática está referida em conceitos e princípios conhecidos e instituídos, os quais devem ser seguidos no seu exercício, seja em projetos e programas de interação comunitária, seja em currículos trabalhados no ambiente escolar. Nesse contexto, a partir de uma avaliação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Tema Transversal Meio Ambiente e das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais em Educação Ambiental, este trabalho definiu quatro indicadores para análise do currículo oficial do ensino fundamental do Estado de São Paulo a respeito da abordagem da questão ambiental: conhecimento, participação, valores, contextualização. Pesquisa bibliográfica seguida de análise documental foram os procedimentos empregados na pesquisa, complementados ainda por levantamento de pesquisas empíricas com vistas a verificar a ocorrência de iniciativas educativas ambientais no currículo oculto, na prática escolar. A partir da análise documental do primeiro volume do Caderno do professor de todas as disciplinas do 6º ano/5ª série, buscou-se, em meio à descrição das atividades ali propostas, verificar a ocorrência dos diferentes indicadores. Observou-se que a prática educativa ambiental ainda está restrita, principalmente, às áreas de ciências e de geografia, o que se contrapõe à principal indicação, dos parâmetros e das diretrizes instituídos/as, de que esta deva ser uma prática transversal ao currículo, apontando para uma possível interdisciplinaridade. Foram feitas, então, sugestões de inserção da temática ambiental em diferentes situações de sua ausência nos materiais analisados, procurando mostrar concretamente algumas possibilidades de abordagem da questão ambiental em todas as disciplinas.

The transition from apartheid to democracy in South Africa, which began in 1994 led to a change in a plethora of policies and/or legislation. In recent years there has been much debate on how the standard of education provisioning in schools could be raised in the light of the introduction of the much debated Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) and thereafter the National Curriculum Statement (NCS). These reform initiatives have brought about confusion and a sense of unsettledness amongst educators, including principals as well as their School Management Teams. Furthermore, the abovementioned and other policies required educators to acquaint themselves with either the materials that are used or the content of the curriculum and the planning and presentation of lessons. This entails in some occasions that educators who are more experienced have to assist the less experienced ones since they understand the RNCS and more recently the NCS better than the others. According to me this emphasises the importance of educator development towards raising the standards in schools. Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is a process that fits the role of an educator as a lifelong learner. The aforementioned is captured in the Norms and Standards for Educators (2000). The need for more attention to be accorded to the professional development of practising educators is emphasised in the Report of the Ministerial Committee on Teacher Education (2005). This report led to the development of the National Policy Framework for Teacher Education and Development which has as its aim to attempt to address the need for suitably qualified educators in South Africa. The National Policy Framework for Teacher Education and Development will be used in this study along with the Integrated Quality Management Systems (IQMS) as tools to achieve the continuous development of educators in South African schools. The Personnel Administration Measures (PAM) of 1999 are also used since they stipulate the roles and responsibilities of the educator, including those of the principal, deputy principal(s) as well as the heads of department. In particular it stipulates that the principal (Department of Education, 1999:10) is responsible for the development of staff training programmes, school-based, school-focused and externally directed, and to assist educators, particularly new and inexperienced educators, in developing and achieving educational objectives in accordance with the needs of the school. This research project deals with the challenges experienced by educators regarding their own Continued Professional Development (CPD). It thus aims at coming up with an empirical account of the challenges experienced by the said educators. The study will focus on, among others, the educators’ experiences in the implementation of the IQMS as a developmental tool for educators in schools. It looks at the roles that different staff members in senior positions in terms of the CPD of the educators. These include the developmental opportunities available in the sampled schools. Carefully selected and drafted interview questions assisted me in soliciting answers from the sampled educators. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

The research focuses on the role of the principal in the implementation of the Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) in Tshwane North District 3. The district is characterised by urban areas, townships and informal settlements. Educators in schools in these areas are well qualified; however, schools in the informal settlement lack resources and facilities. Thus, the curriculum implementation problems experienced by principals and educators in the informal settlements differ from those of principals and educators in urban schools. The amendment of the Curriculum 2005 through the RNCS introduced innovations in schools and changed the principal's role in its implementation. A literature review provided a conceptual framework and covered requirements for successful curriculum implementation, the principal's role therein and relevant training for principals. An empirical investigation using a qualitative approach was conducted and data gathered by interviews with principals, officials from the Department of Education and educators. Finally, a synopsis of the findings and recommendations for further research are provided. / EDUCATIONAL STUDIES / MED (EDUC MANAGEMENT)

This paper will report on the findings of the research that was conducted in a private school in Johannesburg about mathematics teachers’ identities described in policy and how these are demonstrated in practice. The central questions that guided the study were: ‘How are identities of mathematics teachers described in the new mathematics curriculum policy?’ and ‘How are these identities demonstrated in practice?’ I anticipated comparing teacher’s personal pedagogic and official pedagogic identities in classroom practice for Further Education and Training (FET) band from learners’ perspective since learners are at the center of the Outcome-Based-Education (OBE). This study was informed by theoretical concepts of ‘identity’ from Gee (2001), Boaler and Greeno (2000), and Jansen (2001). Naidoo and Parker’s (2005), Jita and Vandeyar (2006) and Parker (2006) analyzed tension between personal pedagogic and official pedagogic subject identities of South African teachers provided me a contextualized framework for this study. My analysis confirms that although the two teachers’ identities still have tension, reconstruction of the ‘new face’ of the teachers is on progress that has relation with ‘the kind of teacher’ is referred by the NCS.

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Este trabalho analisa a relação entre as competências, habilidades e concepções metodológicas enunciadas nos documentos oficiais orientadores do currículo de História elaborados pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC) e o que se avalia no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) e em seis universidades públicas, no período de 2009 a 2013. Partiu-se de uma afirmação do MEC de que a abordagem pelo Enem dos temas, competências e habilidades propostos pelos documentos nacionais orientadores do currículo poderia levar as escolas a incorporá-los em seu próprio currículo. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram abordados os estudos de alguns pesquisadores do tema currículo, o qual é concebido como resultado de um processo de construção social em que os vários agentes que exercem influência no campo educacional disputam a legitimidade de seus interesses. Um elemento essencial para o currículo é a disciplina, por meio da qual os professores especialistas são os responsáveis pela abordagem dos conhecimentos em sala de aula. Contudo, o currículo oficial nacional passa por várias esferas de poder, disputa e negociação até chegar à escola, sendo a relação estabelecida em sala de aula entre professor e aluno a última esfera desse complexo processo. Assim, as disciplinas escolares gozam de relativa autonomia ao executarem o currículo real, o que dificulta a efetivação plena do currículo oficial. Por outro lado, as abordagens realizadas pelos exames vestibulares e pelo Enem não se traduzem em sua efetivação integral por parte das escolas, devido, também, às esferas de poder que há entre a realização dos exames e o que é efetivado em sala de aula. Observou-se que há algumas propostas pelos documentos oficiais mais avaliadas nos exames, em detrimento de outras que foram contempladas em menos de 10% das questões de cada instituição. As competências e procedimentos mais avaliados dizem respeito a itens mais fáceis de se mensurar, por um lado, e mais presentes na prática da disciplina, tanto na universidade quanto nas escolas, por outro. Dessa forma, o MEC segue em seu processo de busca de apoio e legitimação, tanto do currículo nacional oficial quanto do Enem processo este que atualmente ganha novos elementos com a discussão da Base Nacional Comum Curricular para o Ensino Médio (BNCC). / This paper analyzes the relationship between skills, abilities and methodological concepts set out in guiding official documents of the history curriculum designed by the Ministry of Education (MEC) and which is evaluated in the National Secondary Education Examination (Enem) and six public universities, in the period 2009 to 2013. The starting point was a MEC\'s claim that the approach by Enem of subjects, skills and abilities proposed by guiding national curriculum documents could lead schools to incorporate them into their own curriculum. In the development of this research studies of some researchers concerning the theme \'curriculum\' have been approached, that is understood as the result of a process of social construction in which the various agents that influence the educational field dispute the legitimacy of their interests. An essential element in the curriculum is the discipline through which specialist teachers are responsible for the approach of knowledge in the classroom. However, the official national curriculum goes through several levels of power, dispute and negotiation to get to school, and the relationship established in the classroom between teacher and student is the last sphere of this complex process. Therefore, school disciplines enjoy relative autonomy in executing the real curriculum, which hinders the full realization of the official curriculum. On the other hand, the approaches made by the entrance examinations and the Enem not translate into a full adoption by schools, due also to the spheres of power that exists between the exams and what is effected in the classroom. It was observed that there are some proposals for official documents more evaluated in the tests, at the expense of others that have been covered in less than 10% of the questions of each institution. The skills and procedures more appraised are concerned to the items easier to measure, on the one hand, and more gifts in the practice of discipline, both at the university and in the schools, on the other. Thus, the MEC follows in its process of searching for support and legitimacy, both the official national curriculum as the Enem - a process that currently earn new elements to the discussion of the Common National Base Curriculum for Secondary Education (BNCC).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREA KOCHHANN MACHADO.pdf: 1671824 bytes, checksum: bf37b063c4573cdbdc962e2f7fe350bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-16 / The curriculum of Pedagogy Graduation Course of three University Unit (UnU), at the Goiàs State University is the object of this research in the Research Line PUC Goiás State, Political and Educational Institutions. The main objective is to analyze the curriculum of the Education Course of UEG in Anápolis (UnUCSEH), São Luís de Montes Belos, based on national curriculum (Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais) and it is before and after the unification curriculum, from from 2000 to 2010. The theoreis used as fundamentation to this research are: a) conceptualization of curriculum studies and theories of curriculum based mainly on studies of Goodson (1995), Pacheco (1996) and Sacristan (2008), b) studies on the essential elements of the Political pedagogical course at the University, specifically referenced in Veiga (1995, 1998), Cavagnari (1998) and in legal documents as PDI (2010) and PPI (2011) c ) historicizing of pedagogy in Brazil Goias and UEG having as theoretical contributions Brzezinski (1987, 1996, 2011a, 2011c) and Silva (2006), d) of the National Curriculum Guideline of Pedagogy. And based on the analysis of documents from the National Council of Education (Conselho Nacional da Educação). The problem of research includes studies and analyzes of curriculum development of the Education Course at UEG before and after the unification of curriculum based on legal documents, so the problem is stated thus: " What are the strong and weak aspects resulting of the process and development of the unification of the curriculum in Pedagogy Course of UEG in Anápolis UnUs (UnUCSEH), São Luís de Montes Belos documents?". The choice of method was the dialectical historical materialism because it is the most suitable for qualitative research in education. The methodology is based on qualitative approach, with multiple case study whichwas developed through documentary analysis, observation during the visit of three Colleges UnUs, informal conversations called spontaneous reports and analysis of a questionnaire. The purpose of the sample of the three Unus was selected according to criteria established a priori. The subjects are 28 teachers who answered the questionnaires. In informal conversations or spontaneous reports two secretaries of the University, a coordinator and six teachers. The results we had states that the potential unification curriculum is effective in Pedagogy courses investigated so relaxed, since: a) the uniqueness in the curriculum is represented by a common base b) the flexibility is expressed in several parts that consider the regional aspect and the interest of the students c) proclaimed in PPC the general principle that teaching practice is the object of Pedagogy d) articulated to guiding principles: such as the research and training as a cognitive principle, the integration of theory and practice, ie , praxis and flexibility. Several weak aspects were diagnosed and summarized in: a) inconsistencies in PPC b) disinterest about the PPC c) lack of study groups, d) lack of procurement, e) lack continuing education, f) little research, extension and monitoring; g) short interdisciplinary practice; h) misunderstanding of PBO i) little regency of supervision during the trainee process j) rare regional surveys l) neglect of AEA , m) interdisciplinary misunderstanding n) lack of knowledge and legal documents o) timid conception of identity educator. / O currículo do Curso de Pedagogia de três Unidades Universitárias (UnU) da Universidade Estadual de Goiás é o objeto desta pesquisa na Linha de Pesquisa da PUC Goiás: Estado, Políticas e Instituições Educacionais. O objetivo geral consiste em analisar o currículo do Curso de Pedagogia da UEG, nas UnUs de Anápolis (UnUCSEH), Campos Belos e São Luís de Montes Belos, com base nas diretrizes curriculares nacionais vigentes, antes e depois da unificação curricular, no período de 2000 a 2010. Os eixos norteadores do referencial teórico são: a) conceituação de currículo e estudos sobre teorias de currículo com base sobretudo em estudos de Goodson (1995), Pacheco (1996) e Sacristán (2008); b) estudos acerca dos elementos essenciais do Projeto Político Pedagógico de Curso na Universidade, referenciados especialmente em Veiga (1995, 1998), Cavagnari (1998) e nos documentos legais como PDI (2010) e PPI (2011); c) historicização do curso de Pedagogia no Brasil, em Goiás e na UEG tendo como aportes teóricos Brzezinski (1987, 1996, 2011a, 2011c) e Silva (2006); d) Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Licenciatura em Pedagogia, com base na análise de documentos do Conselho Nacional de Educação. O problema da investigação abrange estudos e análises acerca do desenvolvimento curricular do Curso de Pedagogia da UEG, antes e após a unificação da matriz curricular com base nos documentos legais, portanto, o problema é assim enunciado: Que fragilidades e potencialidades decorrem do processo e desenvolvimento da unificação curricular no Curso de Pedagogia da UEG, nas UnUs de Anápolis (UnUCSEH), Campos Belos e São Luís de Montes Belos com base nos documentos legais? . A escolha do método materialismo histórico dialético ocorreu pelo fato de ser o mais propício para pesquisas qualitativas no campo da educação. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa, com estudo de casos múltiplos, foi desenvolvida por meio de análise documental, observação de reuniões em Colegiados do Curso das três UnUs, conversas informais denominadas relatos espontâneos e análise de questionário. A amostra intencional composta de três UnUs foi selecionada conforme critérios estabelecidos a priori. Os sujeitos pesquisados são 28 professores respondentes de questionários. Nas conversas informais ou relatos espontâneos participaram duas secretárias acadêmicas, um gestor e seis professores. Os resultados de potencialidades alcançados foram que a unificação curricular está efetivada nos Cursos de Pedagogia investigados de maneira flexibilizada, visto que: a) a unicidade na matriz curricular é representada por uma base comum; b) a flexibilização se expressa na parte diversificada que visa atender a regionalização e o interesse do alunado; c) proclamado no PPC o princípio geral de que a prática pedagógica é o objeto da Pedagogia; d) articulado os princípios norteadores: a pesquisa como princípio cognitivo e formativo, a integração entre teoria e prática, ou seja, a práxis e a flexibilização. Várias fragilidades foram diagnosticadas sintetizadas em: a) incoerências no PPC; b) desinteresse do conhecimento do currículo pelos sujeitos do PPC c) falta de grupos de estudos; d) falta de concursos públicos; e) falta formação continuada; f) pouca pesquisa, extensão e monitoria; g) tímida prática interdisciplinar; h) incompreensão do PBO; i) pouca regência do estágio supervisionado; j) raras pesquisas regionais; l) descuido das AEA; m) incompreensão interdisciplinar; n) falta conhecimento dos Documentos legais e o) tímida concepção da identidade do pedagogo.