Yes / The relationship between banks and society in UK remains fragile more than 10 years after the financial crisis. The level of public mistrust, though lower than in the aftermath of the crisis, still re-mains at unsatisfactory levels especially as scandals continue to plague the sector. This raises the question of the effectiveness of reforms adopted in UK during the past 10 years to improve the public oversight of banks and change their culture. The reforms resulted in a significant expansion of the scope of financial regulation through the adoption of large numbers of new rules with binding effect on banks. In addition, new supervisory bodies were created to more closely monitor bank activities. This paper reviews the effects of the reforms on bank culture and concludes that expanded regulation and compulsory norms brought about mixed results and had only moderate effect on re-pairing the relationship between banks and UK society. The paper argues that more significant cultural change could come only from the banks themselves and therefore, going forward, the scope of compulsory norms should be reduced. The paper contributes to the ongoing dialogue between industry experts, policy makers and lawyers about the optimum levels of financial regulation especially in light of recent calls for rolling back parts of public interventions in the financial sector.

Yes / Shamanic belief systems represent the first form of religious practice visible within the global archaeological record. Here we report on the earliest known evidence of shamanic costume: modified red deer crania headdresses from the Early Holocene site of Star Carr (c. 11 kya). More than 90% of the examples from prehistoric Europe come from this one site, establishing it as a place of outstanding shamanistic/cosmological significance. Our work, involving a programme of experimental replication, analysis of macroscopic traces, organic residue analysis and 3D image acquisition, metrology and visualisation, represents the first attempt to understand the manufacturing processes used to create these artefacts. The results produced were unexpected—rather than being carefully crafted objects, elements of their production can only be described as expedient. / AHRC

No

This thesis analyses the two-child limit policy in the United Kingdom which is codified in section 10 of the Welfare Reform Act 2012, amended in section 14 of the Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016, by utilising Carol Bacchi’s "What’s the Problem Represented to be?" (WPR) approach. The WPR approach draws on Foucauldian discourse theory and investigates the policy's implications by studying the problem presentations within it. The analysis identifies three core problems in the Welfare Reform and Work Bill’s impact assessment: the necessity to address the deficit by restructuring the welfare state, fairness towards working taxpayers versus benefit recipients, and the escalation of tax credit expenditure. It further uncovers five assumptions embedded within the policy, suggesting that UK citizens incorporate the policy into family planning, anticipate future social security needs, and make fertility decisions based on financial considerations, with the policy aimed at improving children's future prospects.Additionally, the study traces the ideological roots shaping welfare reform, highlighting the influence of Conservative Party ideologies from the Thatcher era and subsequent policies that reduced welfare support, contrasting with New Labour's interventionist approach and the media’s role in reinforcing negative welfare perceptions. The analysis uncovers several problem presentations in the policy and concludes that the government and media can craft narratives that shift the responsibility for child poverty from the state to parents, with enduring impacts on social discourse and policy direction, challenging future policy reversals.

No / Reducing hospital admissions of older adults with ambulatory care sensitive conditions is a government priority. Yet relatively little is known about current health care practice in UK nursing homes. We studied approaches to developing understanding of current health care practices in UK nursing homes using a methodology of data-extraction from retrospective care home records combined with key informant interviews. Older adults with an exacerbation of one of 4 ambulatory sensitive conditions that warranted decision making around admission to hospital or continued primary-care led nursing home care were 178 identified and recruited for participation. Care home records were examined using a proforma for data-extraction. These data were combined with care-plans to construct a brief care narrative. The relevant progress notes/daily record of care-given at the time of the decision making were used to construct a visual time-line of events. For those participants who consented, the key multiple stake holders in care were identified: non-professional carers, care-home workers, caring professionals and care-managers. These data were used to generate supplementary trigger questions and topics for semi-structured interviews. This enabled questions raised by the care record to be identified and explored. Implications of the findings for practice and research will be discussed. / NIHR

Yes / Even prior to the conclusion of the European Union (EU) referendum (Brexit), the NHS was showing tremendous signs of strain. Immediately after the outcome was announced, promises of major re-investment of funds saved from payments to the EU were retracted. Since then, hospital closures, cuts and changes to health and social care have been revealed, with regular news broadcasts highlighting the crisis facing the NHS. The uncertainties about post-Brexit relationships, economy, politics and security are likely to further significantly impact the NHS and its sustainability. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the NHS are inextricably linked through research and education of health and social care professionals – changes therefore having implications for both.

Yes / Whole-systems approaches are being adopted to tackle physical inactivity. The mechanisms contributing to changes resulting from whole-systems approaches are not fully understood. The voices of children and families that these approaches are designed for need to be heard to understand what is working, for whom, where and in what context. This paper describes the protocol for the children and families' citizen science evaluation of the Join Us: Move, Play (JU:MP) programme, a whole-systems approach to increasing physical activity in children and young people aged 5-14 years in Bradford, UK. The evaluation aims to understand the lived experiences of children and families' relationship with physical activity and participation in the JU:MP programme. The study takes a collaborative and contributory citizen science approach, including focus groups, parent-child dyad interviews and participatory research. Feedback and data will guide changes within this study and the JU:MP programme. We also aim to examine participant experience of citizen science and the suitability of a citizen science approach to evaluate a whole-systems approach. Data will be analysed using framework approach alongside iterative analysis with and by citizen scientists in the collaborative citizen science study. Ethical approval has been granted by the University of Bradford: study one (E891-focus groups as part of the control trial, E982-parent-child dyad interviews) and study two (E992). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be provided to the participants, through schools or directly. The citizen scientists will provide input to create further dissemination opportunities.

In dieser Arbeit wird Rechtslage bezüglich Landpachtverhältnissen in Deutschland, Spanien und dem Vereinigten Königreich verglichen und anhand eines Textkorpus die Textsorte Landpachtvertrag den jeweiligen Entsprechungen gegenübergestellt, wobei ein besonderer Fokus auf dem Aspekt der Rechtssprache liegt.

This study focused on Corporate Community Involvement Disclosures (CCID), a theme usually disclosed under Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures (CSRD) in annual reports. The primary aim of the research is to investigate the genuineness and raison d'être of CCID in annual reports. To do this the researcher adopted a holistic approach employing an extensive theoretical framework, which integrates Legitimacy, Stakeholder, Agency, Signalling and Semiotics theories and asking three main research questions. Firstly, what are the motivations for CCID in annual reports? Secondly, what is the information content of CCID in annual reports? And lastly, how real is CCID in annual reports? That is can CCID be read and construed as a real measure of corporate community development (CCD)? Using content analysis and a quality score index the study examined a panel dataset covering the period from 1999 to 2009. The data was collected from a sample of 803 annual reports of 73 UK companies taken from the FTSE 350 companies and cutting across all ten industries of the Industrial Classification Benchmark (ICB) Index. Generally the study is more of a quantitative study with hypotheses developed and tested with panel data regression models in order to provide answers to the three research questions. However, due to the sensitivity of the third research question, in addition to panel regression, the researcher performed a qualitative analysis of question three using semiotics. The study provided evidence to show that CCID as disclosed in annual reports have an undertone of reputation/impression management like other CSR disclosures (CSRD). The community activities reported do not seem to address the expectations of the local communities per se; rather the disclosures seemed to be targeted at a wider stakeholder group that is likely to offer immediate reward for such disclosures. Similarly result from semiotic analysis revealed that signification of reality is either doubtful or unreal for most companies sampled. The study is unique as it is the first to explore the reality of CCID as it appears in annual reports using a combination of a panel study approach and semiotics. In addition a major contribution of the study is that it explored the ways in which multiple theoretical underpinnings can inform research by developing a CCID Meta-theory model and thus provided a robust and enriched analysis and unique insights into the CCID phenomenon.

Bakgrund Från och med september 2014, är alla barn i åldern fyra till sju berättigade till gratis skolmat i Storbritannien, för att öka hälsosamt ätande och minska fetma. Syfte Att undersöka hur skolmåltider (speciellt skolluncher) avbildats i olika tidningar i Storbritannien, från och med 2000 till 2014, då gratis skolmåltider introducerades. Metod Fyra tidningar i Storbritannien, under tiden 2000 till 2014, valdes ut för undersökning. Totalt 616 artiklar hittades, varav 426 texter analyserades. En kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ innehållsanalys gjordes i flera steg på artiklar och insändare. Texterna lästes och grupperade i huvudbudskap/innehåll. För att visa när och i vilken mängd dessa huvudbudskap/innehåll avbildades i de studerade medierna, blev dessa grupperade som ämnen och placerade i tidslinjer. Slutligen kategoriserades ämnena i grupper för att visa huvudfokus under tidsperioden. Resultat Under åren 2000 till 2014 diskuterades flera ämnen som rörde skolmåltider i media. Bland dessa fanns både positiva och negativa inställningar till Jamie Olivers skolmatkampanj, ohälsosamma lunchboxar, förbud av lunchboxar, förbud mot att vistas utanför skolområdet under raster, samt planen för och införandet av gratis skolmat för fyra till sjuåringar. Gratis skolmåltider och texter relaterade till ekonomi var de mest diskuterade ämnena under åren. I studien var det möjligt att se att Jamie Oliver var en stor del av processen som lett till att barnen i åren fyra till sju fått gratis skolmat. Slutsats En större process kunde ses framskrida fram till gratis måltider till alla skolbarn i ålder fyra till sju. Regler har tillagts och åtgärder gjorts för att få bättre skolmåltider och samtidigt uppmuntra barn att välja hälsosammare mat. Det är möjligt att allmänheten blivit mer medvetna om hälsa och skolmåltider samt relationen mellan dessa / Background Starting from September 2014, all children aged four to seven received their school lunches for free in the UK, to increase healthy eating and decrease obesity. Aim To investigate how school meals (especially school lunches) were depicted in different newspapers in the UK, from 2000 to 2014 when free school meals were introduced. Method Four newspapers in the UK between the years 2000 and 2014 were chosen for the study. In total, 616 texts were found from which 426 were analysed. A combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles and letters to press was made in several steps. The texts were read and grouped into several main messages/contents. These were grouped into subjects and put together in timelines to show when and how much they were depicted in media during the studied years. Finally the subjects were grouped into topics, to show the main focus during the time period. Result During the years 2000 to 2014 several topics related to school meals were discussed. Among these were both positivity and negativity towards Jamie Oliver’s school food campaign, unhealthy packed lunches, the ban of packed lunches, ban of going outside schools on school breaks and the free school meals plan and free school meals for all children aged four to seven. The free school meals and texts related to economy were the most discussed during these years. In the study it was possible to see that Jamie Oliver have been a big part of the results of free school meals for the children between four and seven. Conclusion A long process could be seen progressing until free meals were given to all schoolchildren aged four to seven. There were regulations and actions towards better school meals and encouragements for children to choose the healthier foods. It is possible that people became more and more aware about health and school meals, and the relation between these over the years.