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Les rapports entre les amateurs et les professionnels dans les sciences participatives basées sur Internet : une exploration de FolditVidal, Ricardo 08 1900 (has links)
Cette recherche explore les rapports entre les amateurs et les professionnels scientifiques dans Foldit, une expérience de science participative sur Internet. Foldit est un jeu vidéo en ligne qui permet aux participants de trouver la façon dont les protéines se plient. Amateurs et professionnels de la science ont traversé une longue route colorée de partenariats et de démarcations. À l'heure actuelle, cette démarche se voit complexifiée par un environnement numérique qui relève le phénomène de la participation et la montée de la figure de l'amateur, notamment dans la production de connaissance. Si cette participation sur la Toile est considérée, par certains courants de pensée, comme le germe d'une nouvelle économie voire d'une nouvelle société (Benkler, 2006 ; Bauwens, 2012b), elle est aussi dénoncée par l'approche critique du capitalisme informationnel, comme une sorte de travail immatériel non rémunéré soumis à des relations d'exploitation (Moulier Boutang, 2007 ; Pasquinelli, 2010). Dans ce contexte, ce mémoire propose une exploration des sciences participatives, afin d'examiner les rapports qui s'établissent entre les acteurs de ces expériences productrices de connaissance et de données immatérielles. Ces rapports s'expriment à travers les échanges qui se déroulent sur le site web Foldit. La méthodologie qualitative mise en oeuvre a été complétée par l'observation de terrain et les entretiens semi-structurés avec des participants-joueurs et des membres de l'équipe scientifique du jeu. Les rapports trouvés dans Foldit se révèlent contextualisés, performatifs et sont façonnés par les compétences mises en jeu par les acteurs. Des rapports d'asymétrie, de coopération et de négociation sont repérés dans Foldit. Cette recherche veut contribuer ainsi à une meilleure compréhension des collectifs présents sur Internet ainsi que des rapports établis entre eux. / This project explores the relationships between amateur and professional scientists within Foldit, a participatory science project on the Internet. Foldit is an online game in which participants fold proteins in novel ways. The long history of cooperation and differentiation between amateurs and professionals in science is becoming increasingly complex in digital environments as « amateur » participation gains in importance and is channelled by Web-based platforms, notably in the production of knowledge. While participation on the Web is considered by some as providing the seeds of a new economy or even a new society (Benkler, 2006; Bauwens, 2012b), others associated with a critical approach to informational capitalism, decry this type of participation as unpaid immaterial labour, carried out in a relation of exploitation (Moulier Boutang, 2007; Pasquinelli, 2010). In this context, my thesis proposes an exploration of participatory science, with a view to examining the relationships that develop between the different actors involved in these knowledge - and data - production exercises. We identify these relationships between the members through analysis of the exchanges that they produce on the site. This qualitative research also draws on observation, and semi-structured interviews with both amateur players and members of the Foldit team. We conclude by proposing a performative view of the development of relationships in Foldit, which prove to be highly dependent upon contextual factors and shaped to a large extent by the skills of the various actors. In the particular context of the New Chapter, negotiations are marked by both asymmetry and cooperation. This research helps develop a better understanding of the development and maintenance of relationships in online collectives.
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Le journalisme gastronomique. Sociologie d'un dispositif de médiation marchande / Food Journalism : sociology of a Market DeviceNaulin, Sidonie 07 December 2012 (has links)
La gastronomie peut être considérée comme une attention portée à la dimension esthétique de l’alimentation. Les biens gastronomiques sont donc des biens symboliques dont l’échange sur le marché passe par l’existence de dispositifs de valorisation particuliers. En tant qu’il contribue à orienter les consommateurs sur un marché opaque et à leur indiquer le « bon » produit ou la « bonne » manière de cuisiner, le journalisme gastronomique constitue un dispositif de médiation marchande. À partir notamment d’entretiens, d’observations, d’une enquête quantitative et de statistiques textuelles, cette thèse s’attache à rendre compte de la manière dont se construit un tel dispositif. Dans une perspective diachronique, les premiers chapitres sont consacrés à l’émergence du dispositif au XIXe siècle et à sa construction à l’articulation de différents espaces sociaux (gastronomique, amateur et journalistique). Il apparaît qu’à la fin du XXe siècle, un marché de la presse gastronomique se met en place qui rend le point de vue des titres dépendant de leur positionnement dans la concurrence et de leur modèle économique. Ce sont ensuite les acteurs individuels de la fabrication de l’information journalistique qui sont étudiés. L’analyse des parcours et des compétences des journalistes ainsi que de leurs concurrents potentiels que sont les blogueurs culinaires met en évidence différentes formes d’écriture gastronomique et les types de confiance qui en découlent. Enfin, l’étude du travail concret des journalistes permet de rendre compte de la similitude des contenus médiatiques et l’analyse du parcours de journalistes renommés autorise à saisir leurs modes de différenciation professionnelle. / Gastronomy can be regarded as a particular attention paid to the aesthetic dimension of food. Gastronomic goods are thus symbolic goods and their market exchange needs the existence of specific valuation devices. As a tool that directs consumers in an opaque market and that indicates the “right” product, or the “right” way to cook, food journalism can be considered as a market device. This thesis is based upon a fieldwork including in-depth interviews, observations, statistics and text analysis. It focuses on the way such a device is built. In a diachronic approach, the first chapters deal with the emergence of this device during the 19th century and with its construction at the crossroads of different social spaces (food world, connoisseurs’ world and journalistic world). It appears that at the end of the 20th century, with the setting up of a food magazines’ market, the vision carried by magazines becomes dependent on their position in competition and on their business model. Then, the individual actors and the making of news are studied. The analysis of the trajectories and the skills of journalists and food bloggers who may compete with them put the light on different forms of food writing and different kinds of trust associated with them. Finally, the study of the actual work of food journalists allows to account for the similarity of media content. The analysis of the career paths of renowned food journalists helps to understand the way they manage to differentiate themselves from the others.
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Das Bild als ZeugeFromm, Karen 26 May 2014 (has links)
Obwohl das dokumentarische Bild als beglaubigte Aufzeichnung einer außermedialen Realität als Diskursgegenstand bereits seit Längerem dekonstruiert ist, scheint die Faszination am Dokumentarischen nahezu ungebrochen. Die stete Bezugnahme auf das Dokumentarische in unterschiedlichen Diskursen der Fotografie zeugt davon. Auch zahlreiche künstlerische Auseinandersetzungen rekurrieren seit den 80er-Jahren verstärkt auf dokumentarische Konzepte und Formate. Ausgehend von diesem Paradoxon, der Dekonstruktion des Dokumentarischen in Theoriekontexten und dem Wiedererstarken dokumentarischer Formate in der Fotografie und Kunst, sucht die vorliegende Arbeit nach den Ursachen einer offenkundig anhaltenden Faszination am Dokumentarischen. Dabei richtet sie den Blick speziell auf künstlerische Fotografien, die Gebrauchsweisen der Fotografie aufgreifen, welche per se mit dem Dokumentarischen affiziert werden, wie die Pressefotografie, die kriminalistische Fotografie und die Amateurfotografie. Sie zeigt, über welche Strategien das Dokumentarische dort produktiv umgesetzt wird. Lässt sich jeder Dokumentarismus erst einmal als Versuch lesen, in der Repräsentation das Reale zu verbildlichen, beziehen sich die vorgestellten künstlerischen Arbeiten von Jeff Wall, Thomas Demand, Sophie Calle und Richard Billingham zwar auf ein Begehren nach dem Realen, machen aber gleichzeitig den Verlust des Realen in ihren Erzählungen von der Wirklichkeit erfahrbar. In ihrer Ambivalenz vermitteln die künstlerischen Arbeiten ein Konzept des Dokumentarischen als mobiles System, das dieses nicht als Kategorie, Genre oder Stil festschreibt, sondern als Handlung begreift, die das permanente Ineinandergreifen von Konstruktion und Dekonstruktion des Dokumentarischen nachvollzieht. Insofern erweisen sich die Kunst und das Dokumentarische als nicht polar, denn über ihre Beziehung zum Realen kristallisiert sich dieses als das gemeinsame Dritte der beiden heraus. / Although the documentary image as authenticated record of a reality beyond the media has, as the object of discourse, long been deconstructed, the fascination with the documentary would appear to be ongoing. The constant references to the documentary in a variety of photography discourses bears witness to this. In addition, countless artistic treatments since the Eighties have referred back to documentary concepts and formats. In the light of this paradox as well as the deconstruction of the documentary in theoretical contexts and the renewed gaining of strength of documentary formats in photography and art, this study investigates the reasons for the evident persistent fascination with the documentary. In the process, artistic photographs in particular are examined which reference conventions in photography that are associated per se with the documentary, such as for example press photography, criminalistic photography, and amateur photography. The strategies by which the documentary is productively implemented are demonstrated here. If every form of documentarism can be read first of all as an attempt to express the real visually in the representation, then the artistic works by Jeff Wall, Thomas Demand, Sophie Calle and Richard Billingham that are presented here may indeed reference a desire for the real, but at the same time they make it possible in their telling of reality to experience the loss of the real. It is through their ambivalence that the artistic works convey a concept of the documentary as a mobile system that does not codify it as a category, genre or style, but rather perceives it as an act that comprehends the documentary''s constant intertwining of construction and deconstruction. As such, it is shown that art and the documentary are not polar, because through their relationship to reality this relationship is shown to crystalize out as the common third party for both.
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Arranjos de música regional do sertão caipira e sua inserção no repertório de coros amadores / Choral arrangement, choral singing, amateur choir, Brazilian regional music, "sertão caipira".SOBOLL, Renate Stephanes 29 March 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-29 / This article proposes a reflection about the repertoire sung by amateur choirs, focusing on the process of elaboration of vocal arrangements based upon Brazilian regional music, especially country-hick songs (música caipira). The songs discussed here and their arrangements unfold a very particular thematic world, that of the music from one of
Brazil s various country-side cultural/geographic areas: the sertão caipira (hick country side). This repertoire becomes both artistic and educational, since through the investigation,
edition and performance of the arrangements it is possible, at once, to make music and preserve the social and cultural traditions of a place or community. Through the application
of the compositional techniques discussed here, conductors and their amateur vocal groups will be able to enjoy an attractive repertoire, easy to prepare and quite appreciated by the public, despite its apparent simplicity when still on the page. / O presente artigo propõe reflexões sobre o processo de elaboração de arranjos vocais de músicas regionais brasileiras, em especial a caipira, destinados a coros amadores.
As composições enfocadas neste artigo e os arranjos que delas resultaram revelam um universo temático muito específico, aquele da canção regionalista oriunda da cultura de
apenas um dos diversos sertões do Brasil: o sertão caipira. Este repertório possui caráter artístico e educativo, mostrando que, por meio do levantamento das canções originais, da preparação das edições e da performance dos arranjos, é possível, a um só tempo, musicalisar e preservar as tradições sócio-culturais de uma região ou comunidade. A
aplicação de técnicas composicionais aqui discutidas oferece alternativas para que, a despeito da aparente simplicidade do resultado musical no papel, regentes e seus grupos vocais leigos possam desfrutar de um repertório atrativo e de fácil preparação, mas de grande efeito junto ao público.
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Rocken spelar roll : En etnologisk studie av kvinnliga rockmusikerNordström, Marika January 2010 (has links)
This doctoral thesis is about female rock musicians who are involved in two Swedish non-profit feminist music associations; Rockrebeller, which is situated in Uppsala and She´s Got the Beat in Umeå. The aim of the study is to analyze how the informants describe their lives as rock musicians and as active participants in these feminist music associations. The main issues are musicianship, identity, feminism and gender. The empirical material consists of in-depth interviews with ten informants – five from Umeå and five from Uppsala – and these interviews are complemented by a number of participatory observations. The focus of thesis is on the informants’ self-presentations: their stories and experiences. One central theme is the ways that the informants’ different identities are interlaced and closely knit together in different ways: as feminists, as musicians and as active participants in the associations. Two major themes in my thesis are music and politics and they can be regarded as two sides of the same coin; in order to make it easier for women to play rock music they have become involved in the associations, and this relationship is regarded as a form of political work. The informants have been influenced by punk and Riot Grrrls Movement – a feminist movement that is associated with punk bands and fanzines is sometimes seen as representative of a "third wave feminism". All the informants are members of rock bands, but many are also engaged in other projects, for instance in the role of a singer-songwriter, and these different identities as musicians are often seen as complementary to each other. Rock bands are generally considered to be fascinating but insecure experiences because bands tend to split up with time. Those who are also active musicians outside of the band (most often guitarists) usually regard their own individual identity as musicians as the most important thing; a safe harbor that is always there. Their ideological beliefs are for instance visible in a common vision of the ideal rock band as democratic, anti-hierarchic and where an equality of opportunity exists. Rock music is in some ways used as an expression for an alternative way of life, of rebellion, and is seen as politically subversive. One of the ambivalences of the source material is the kind of identity politics that the associations represent and whose purpose is to improve the gender equality in the field. There is a well-known dilemma involved in this practice; how is it possible to navigate from a marginalized, subordinated position, without using the method of categorizing that may increase the probability of reproducing their own marginalization? Their life as rock musicians is described as enjoyable rewarding, and as a means of expressing their cultural belonging and ideological beliefs, such as feminism. However, the overall picture highlights the pleasures of creating and making music, which serves as an explanation why they strive to make rock music more accessible for women. The descriptions of being in a band and performing on stage are varied and on the whole complex. The group dynamics of the band are portrayed as very meaningful but also trying at times, and playing in front of an audience is described as everything between ecstasy and a nerve-wrecking experience. However, there is an overall adaptation to the norms surrounding rock music; a sense that one has to adjust oneself in order to function as a rock musician. The informants´ statements generally emphasize gender, but from time to time they identify themselves with other male amateur rock musicians.
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Un/Disciplined Performance: Nonprofessionalized Theatre in Canada's Professional EraWhittaker, Robin Charles 05 September 2012 (has links)
The discourse of Western theatre practice is founded on, and maintained as, a legitimizing struggle between the terms “professional” and “amateur.” This study moves beyond the traditional signifiers of Canadian amateur theatre—the Little Theatre Movement, the Dominion Drama Festival and connotations of “inferior” and “dilettantish”—to examine two nonprofessionalized companies that have witnessed the professionalization of Anglo-Canadian theatre in order to argue for the relevance and vitality of contemporary “nonprofessionalized” theatre practices. By drawing from Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory and Michel Foucault’s discourse theory and theories of formations of disciplines, this study argues that theatre professions seek to discipline, delegitimize and exclude nonprofessionalizing practices in order to gain capital (economic, social and cultural) at the expense of the creative freedoms inherent in nonprofessionalized work. It also considers the ways in which theatre scholarship omits critical discussion of amateur practice and how the term “amateur” is co-opted as a clouded pejorative signifier and erased by the contested term “community” within theatre discourse (institutions, practices and the Canadian imaginary).
Following a case study approach based on archival documents, the study provides the foundation for a social history of Alumnae Theatre Company (1918- ), beginning with its early years as part of the University of Toronto’s University College Alumnae Association, by examining the relationship between amateur theatre practice and campus philanthropy, followed by Alumnae’s impact on Toronto’s professionalizing theatre scene in the context of alterity in Canadian theatre discourse. It then examines Walterdale Theatre Associates’ (1958- ) relationship to the emerging theatre profession before and after the opening of Edmonton’s Citadel Theatre in 1965 to argue that Walterdale benefits the profession and its professionalizing artists while negotiating complex concerns over institutionalization. Their longevity is explained, in part, by the fact that both companies operate “as if” professional, yet outside of professionalized disciplinary regimes.
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Un/Disciplined Performance: Nonprofessionalized Theatre in Canada's Professional EraWhittaker, Robin Charles 05 September 2012 (has links)
The discourse of Western theatre practice is founded on, and maintained as, a legitimizing struggle between the terms “professional” and “amateur.” This study moves beyond the traditional signifiers of Canadian amateur theatre—the Little Theatre Movement, the Dominion Drama Festival and connotations of “inferior” and “dilettantish”—to examine two nonprofessionalized companies that have witnessed the professionalization of Anglo-Canadian theatre in order to argue for the relevance and vitality of contemporary “nonprofessionalized” theatre practices. By drawing from Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory and Michel Foucault’s discourse theory and theories of formations of disciplines, this study argues that theatre professions seek to discipline, delegitimize and exclude nonprofessionalizing practices in order to gain capital (economic, social and cultural) at the expense of the creative freedoms inherent in nonprofessionalized work. It also considers the ways in which theatre scholarship omits critical discussion of amateur practice and how the term “amateur” is co-opted as a clouded pejorative signifier and erased by the contested term “community” within theatre discourse (institutions, practices and the Canadian imaginary).
Following a case study approach based on archival documents, the study provides the foundation for a social history of Alumnae Theatre Company (1918- ), beginning with its early years as part of the University of Toronto’s University College Alumnae Association, by examining the relationship between amateur theatre practice and campus philanthropy, followed by Alumnae’s impact on Toronto’s professionalizing theatre scene in the context of alterity in Canadian theatre discourse. It then examines Walterdale Theatre Associates’ (1958- ) relationship to the emerging theatre profession before and after the opening of Edmonton’s Citadel Theatre in 1965 to argue that Walterdale benefits the profession and its professionalizing artists while negotiating complex concerns over institutionalization. Their longevity is explained, in part, by the fact that both companies operate “as if” professional, yet outside of professionalized disciplinary regimes.
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The (re)mystification of London : revelations of contested space, concealed identity and moving menace in late-Victorian Gothic fictionHousholder, Aaron J. 15 December 2012 (has links)
This project asserts that much of the cultural anxiety found in Gothic-infused late-Victorian fiction derives from literary revelations of the nested spaces, shifting identities, and spontaneous connections inherent to the late-Victorian metropolis. The three literary texts studied here – The Hound of the Baskervilles by Arthur Conan Doyle, Raffles: The Amateur Cracksman by E.W. Hornung, and The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan – all depict London as fundamentally suitable for those who seek to evade the disciplinary gaze and to pursue menacing schemes of criminality and invasion. Doyle’s text illustrates the interconnectedness of the spaces within London as well as the passable threshold between London and the English countryside; both the villain Stapleton and the hero Sherlock Holmes use these connections to attack and defend, respectively, the city and its inhabitants. Hornung’s stories depict the machinations employed by the gentleman-thief Raffles as he alters his identity and his codes of behaviour in order to free himself to pursue criminal ends and thus as he challenges cultural barriers. Buchan’s text, building on the others, explores the dissolution of cultural boundaries and identities incumbent upon the spontaneous connections made between those who attack English culture and those, like Richard Hannay, who defend it. There emerges in these texts a vision of London (and by extension Great Britain) as a swirling vortex of motion, an unknowable labyrinth perpetually threatened by menacing agents from without and within. I have employed Victor Turner’s theories of liminality and communitas to describe how criminal agents, and their equally menacing “good-guy” pursuers, separate themselves from structured society in order to move freely and to gain access to the contested thresholds they seek to infiltrate. I also invoke theories of the Gothic, surveillance, and travel, as well as Jeffrey Cohen’s monster theory, to characterize the anxiety embedded in such invasions. / The transformation of contested space : Baker Street, Grimpen Mire and the battle for thresholds in The hound of the Baskervilles -- Hornung's code-switching monster : threatening ambiguity and liminoid mobility in Raffles, the amateur cracksman -- Towards a more inclusive Britishness : Richard Hannay's transformative connections and evolving identity in The thrity-nine steps. / Department of English
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A criação do Teatro Paulista do Estudante (TPE), sua inserção e fusão com o Grupo Arena da cidade de São Paulo: conflitos e contradições / The foundation of Teatro Paulista do Estudante (TPE), its insertion and fusion with São Paulo's Arena Group: conflicts and contradictionsMurrer, André Dutra [UNESP] 03 July 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-07-03 / O Teatro Paulista do Estudante foi um grupo amador criado em 1955, por jovens militantes do Partido Comunista. Tinham como principal objetivo divulgar o teatro entre os estudantes secundaristas e universitários e atrair novos integrantes para as fileiras do Partido. Entre seus mais representativos fundadores estavam Vera Gertel, Oduvaldo Vianna Filho e Gianfrancesco Guarnieri. O Grupo acreditava que poderia fazer um teatro que se popularizasse e chegasse às massas de trabalhadores e estudantes, articulando o fazer teatral com a função política e social. Em 1956, menos de um ano após sua fundação, o TPE se une ao Grupo Arena da Cidade de São Paulo, e os jovens amadores se tornam profissionais de teatro. Em 1958, o Grupo estreia o espetáculo Eles Não Usam Black-Tie, escrita por Guarnieri. Os remanescentes do TPE, em conjunto com o Teatro de Arena, conseguem, com esta peça, colocar em prática o que almejavam desde o início de suas atividades: incentivar o autor nacional e colocar em cena obras que refletissem sobre a realidade brasileira e colocassem a classe operária como protagonista. A apresentação de Eles Não Usam Black-Tie foi o prenúncio da forma teatral que lhes interessava desenvolver e a motivação que faltava para que o Teatro de Arena estabelecesse um processo de construção de uma nova dramaturgia, a partir de discussões políticas, históricas e estéticas. A este processo se deu o nome de Seminários de Dramaturgia do Arena. / The amateur theatre group Teatro Paulista do Estudante was founded in 1955 by young political activists from the Communist Party. Their main goal was to publicize the theatre among the high school and college students, and to atract new members for the Party. Some of its most representative founders were Vera Gertel, Oduvaldo Vianna Filho and Gianfrancesco Guarnieri. The Group believed they could do a popular theatre, one that could reach the masses of workers and students by joining acting with political and social roles. In 1956, after less than a year of its foundation, the TPE fuses the Grupo Arena da Cidade de São Paulo, and the young amateurs become theatre professionals. In 1958 the Group debuts the theatre play Eles Não Usam Black-Tie, written by Guarnieri. With this play, the remaining members of TPE together with Teatro de Arena, succeed to execute what they longed for since the beggining of their activities: to encourage the national authors and to perform plays that could reflect Brazilian reality, bringing the working class as leading figure. The performance of Eles Não Usam Black-Tie was the harbinger of the theatre form they wished to develop and also the missing motivation for Teatro de Arena to organize a new dramaturgy building process based on political, historical and aesthetic discussions. This process was named Seminários de Dramaturgia do Arena (Dramaturgy Seminars of Arena).
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A criação do Teatro Paulista do Estudante (TPE), sua inserção e fusão com o Grupo Arena da cidade de São Paulo : conflitos e contradições /Murrer, André Dutra January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Alexandre Luiz Mate / Resumo: O Teatro Paulista do Estudante foi um grupo amador criado em 1955, por jovens militantes do Partido Comunista. Tinham como principal objetivo divulgar o teatro entre os estudantes secundaristas e universitários e atrair novos integrantes para as fileiras do Partido. Entre seus mais representativos fundadores estavam Vera Gertel, Oduvaldo Vianna Filho e Gianfrancesco Guarnieri. O Grupo acreditava que poderia fazer um teatro que se popularizasse e chegasse às massas de trabalhadores e estudantes, articulando o fazer teatral com a função política e social. Em 1956, menos de um ano após sua fundação, o TPE se une ao Grupo Arena da Cidade de São Paulo, e os jovens amadores se tornam profissionais de teatro. Em 1958, o Grupo estreia o espetáculo Eles Não Usam Black-Tie, escrita por Guarnieri. Os remanescentes do TPE, em conjunto com o Teatro de Arena, conseguem, com esta peça, colocar em prática o que almejavam desde o início de suas atividades: incentivar o autor nacional e colocar em cena obras que refletissem sobre a realidade brasileira e colocassem a classe operária como protagonista. A apresentação de Eles Não Usam Black-Tie foi o prenúncio da forma teatral que lhes interessava desenvolver e a motivação que faltava para que o Teatro de Arena estabelecesse um processo de construção de uma nova dramaturgia, a partir de discussões políticas, históricas e estéticas. A este processo se deu o nome de Seminários de Dramaturgia do Arena. / Abstract: The amateur theatre group Teatro Paulista do Estudante was founded in 1955 by young political activists from the Communist Party. Their main goal was to publicize the theatre among the high school and college students, and to atract new members for the Party. Some of its most representative founders were Vera Gertel, Oduvaldo Vianna Filho and Gianfrancesco Guarnieri. The Group believed they could do a popular theatre, one that could reach the masses of workers and students by joining acting with political and social roles. In 1956, after less than a year of its foundation, the TPE fuses the Grupo Arena da Cidade de São Paulo, and the young amateurs become theatre professionals. In 1958 the Group debuts the theatre play Eles Não Usam Black-Tie, written by Guarnieri. With this play, the remaining members of TPE together with Teatro de Arena, succeed to execute what they longed for since the beggining of their activities: to encourage the national authors and to perform plays that could reflect Brazilian reality, bringing the working class as leading figure. The performance of Eles Não Usam Black-Tie was the harbinger of the theatre form they wished to develop and also the missing motivation for Teatro de Arena to organize a new dramaturgy building process based on political, historical and aesthetic discussions. This process was named Seminários de Dramaturgia do Arena (Dramaturgy Seminars of Arena). / Mestre
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