Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2010 Dec 22

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This project argues for the persistence of biblical allegory in eighteenth-century Christian thought, contrary to the narrative of allegory’s demise, found, for instance, in the work of Peter Harrison and Hans Frei. I demonstrate that two factors in particular, the scientific revolution and Christian discourse about Jewish interpretation, shaped the content and quality of allegorical interpretations of the Bible in this century. Using the case of Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772), natural philosopher and biblical commentator, the dissertation will consider how allegory functioned amidst epistemological shifts brought on by new naturalistic and mechanistic explanations of the universe, and amidst tides of anti-Judaism and Christian Kabbalah. This project is divided into three parts, which examine the context, content, and reception of Swedenborg’s multi-volume biblical commentary, Arcana coelestia. Part one lays contextual groundwork with a brief comparative look to the commentaries of other eighteenth-century figures, both Jewish and Christian. I survey the discourse about allegory, science, and religious identity in the commentaries of William Whiston, Johan Kemper, Moses Mendelssohn, and Menaḥem Naḥum. Part two contains a close reading of Swedenborg’s interpretation of Genesis 3, revealing a bias against the two communities of interpreters he believes incapable of accessing the full depths of biblical wisdom: scientists, or the learned skeptics of natural philosophy, and the Jews. Using Harold Bloom’s concept of the “anxiety of influence” I point to resemblances in Swedenborg’s own hermeneutic to interpretive methods deemed, by either himself or those around him, to be Jewish, kabbalistic, or naturalistic. Part three examines Swedenborg’s reception, revealing a double ambivalence to Swedenborg and to allegory among figures as diverse as Immanuel Kant, John Wesley, Friedrich Oetinger, William Blake and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. These men had in common a fascination with Swedenborg’s doctrine of correspondences, but also harbored deep reservations that manifested in moments of harsh criticism and even ridicule. Despite such protestations, those interested in Swedenborg often produce reformulations of biblical allegory in their own terms. This is, therefore, a study of the relationship between texts and contexts, and the persistence of allegory even in an age that was supposedly hostile to it. / 2019-05-12T00:00:00Z

SILVA, Kedna Adriele Timbó da. Pedagogia moral como processo civilizatório do homem em seu encaminhamento à condição de humanidade em Immanuel Kant. 2015. 93f. - Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-10T13:46:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_katsilva.pdf: 951912 bytes, checksum: b383f0b17b88fad547afb715c5b9ffa3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-11T16:29:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_katsilva.pdf: 951912 bytes, checksum: b383f0b17b88fad547afb715c5b9ffa3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T16:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_katsilva.pdf: 951912 bytes, checksum: b383f0b17b88fad547afb715c5b9ffa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Buscando responder à pergunta elaborada na obra Lógica (1800) de Immanuel Kant, “O que é o homem?”, esta pesquisa propõe uma investigação acerca da educação enquanto educação do esclarecimento e a única capaz de habilitar as disposições dos homens para o auxilio tanto do homem civilizado, quanto moral. A elaboração de tal pesquisa se inicia com a transição de uma filosofia moral popular para uma metafísica dos costumes e posteriormente de uma educação física, isto é, natural, para uma educação prática, moral. Nesta, a dualidade existente entre ser sensível e ser inteligível não passa despercebida quando o antagonismo surge, e a sociabilidade insociável é demonstrada pela natureza para que o homem possa atingir o progresso. Assim, é centrando na questão do homem que este projeto finda a relevância da educação na formação de uma constituição civil, pois, ao evidenciar que o progresso somente pode ser alcançado pelo próprio homem, Kant responsabiliza as ações dos homens no mundo e os encaminha à sociabilidade.

A Encyclopédie, principal obra de difusão do Iluminismo, contou com a participação de vários médicos, evidenciando preocupações com a saúde do indivíduo e da população. No século XVIII, afirma-se a primazia da ciência, novo critério de verdade. Em contraposição a fé religiosa, os iluministas valorizavam a razão faculdade capaz de levar ao conhecimento. Observa-se um grande estímulo ao estudo da "natureza", pela via da razão. O Iluminismo produz também uma tese sobre a "natureza humana", e esta crença tornou-se condição de possibilidade para a discussão do que estaria ou não de acordo com a mesma. Criticando a sociedade setecentista, visando produzir mudanças no mundo, filósofos e médicos preocupam-se com a infância, o menor abandonado, o aleitamento materno, comportamento da mãe e o combate as nutrizes - questões relevantes enquanto concernentes a população. Esta passa a ser valorizada enquanto fonte de riqueza de nação. Ainda na segunda metade do século XVIII, o hospital é medicalizado. Enquanto local de cura, será disciplinarizado, apresentando uma nova distribuição espacial. A medicina classificatória, em yoga desde o século anterior, priorizando a observação dos sintomas e a experiência do médico, acaba por ultrapassar a doutrina das crises, apesar da permanência de alguns preceitos hipocráticos. Observa-se a produção de um novo vocabulário médico, a valorização da fisiologia enquanto uma física do corpo humano e um estímulo a intervir na natureza". Em síntese, está se afirmando uma nova administração da vida, da reprodução e da morte. / The Encyclopedie,work of greater importance in the diffusion of Enlightment,was develloped with the contribution of several physicians, which emphasize their concerns about individuals and populations health. In the eighteenth century, primacy of science is stated as a new truth criterion. Intellectuals of Enlightment strengthened the value reason, rather than religious' belief, as a faculty capable of leading to knowledge. It is than observed great stimulus on studying "nature" through the path of reason. Enlightment also brings forth its tnesis on "human nature", and this belief became condition of the possibility for the discussion of what is like or unlike such "human nature". On criticizing seventeenth century's society, as to provoke changes in the world, physicians and phylosophers show their concerns about childhood, parentless children, motherly milk - feeding, mother's behavior and nourishers restraint - all relevant subjects, as well as of population's interest. As a matter of fact, population starts then to be considered as nation's richness source. Yet in the second half of the eighteenth century, hospital is medicalized. As a place of healing, it will pass through disciplinary changes, thus showing a new spatial distribution. The previously present "crisis doctrine" is then exceeded by last century's arisen classificatory medical science - in spite of some remaining hypocratic precepts. It is then engendered a new medical vocabulary, raised the value of physiology as a human body physics, as well as stimulated interferences in "nature". Therefore, one could undoubdtedly say that a new management concerning life, death and reproduction is being asserted.

This dissertation explores the intersection between scientific practices and political economy from the time of Maria Theresa's and Joseph II's reforms in the Habsburg State of Milan to the Cisalpina and Italian Republics. It is structured in four parts, corresponding to the themes of "appropriations", "technologies", "spaces" and "soils". Each of these parts comprises of two chapters, with the exception of the last one on "soils". Part I, named "Appropriations", explores how the Società Patriotica took on board the practices and debates which originated in the context of French Physiocracy, such as economic milling and the question of the scale of land-holdings, and analyses how they were appropriated to fit the political economy of the State of Milan. Part II, titled "Technologies", takes into account the attitudes of Milanese reformers, public officers and naturalists towards mechanical arts and, in general, towards technology for the achievement of the felicità and utilità pubblica. Part III of the dissertation has been named "Spaces". It focuses on the travels of naturalists Domenico Vandelli, Paolo Sangiorgio and Lazzaro Spallanzani, using them as starting points to examine the significance of natural history practices, such as travelling and collecting, for an understanding of contemporary political economy. Part IV, titled "Soils", examines a series of texts about the management and making of salnitro, showing their relevance in the context of the newly founded Italian Republic. Overall, the thesis aims to acknowledge the complexity, as well as the intellectual debts, of the production of political economy and scientific knowledge in the State of Milan, and pushes forward the debate on the Italian Enlightenment, by opposing those narratives which have represented it as a marginal and peripheral case in the broader and more "international" European Enlightenment.

Orientador: Carlos Erivany Fantinati / Banca: João Luís Cardoso Tápias Ceccantini / Banca: Maria Lídia Lichtscheidl Maretti / Banca: Alice Áurea Penteado Martha / Banca: José Batista de Sales / Resumo: Este trabalho estuda seis obras de Monteiro Lobato consideradas de cunho educativo, buscando identificar a tensão entre o pedagógico e o estético e levando em conta o fato de que o momento histórico e social brasileiro favorecia a publicação de tais obras. Nesse aspecto, convém ressaltar a correspondência de fatores entre o momento de publicação dessas obras (1933-1937) e o momento em que surgiu a Literatura Infantil no século XVIII. Tal fato explica a influência de uma corrente de pensamento denominada Iluminismo ou Ilustração, que proporcionaria condições para que esse gênero circulasse na sociedade da época. Da mesma forma, nas obras de Lobato em questão, pode-se detectar a presença das mesmas idéias, tendo sempre em vista a busca da divulgação do saber e o progresso. Para este fim, utilizou-se, como ponto de apoio teórico, a tese de Rouanet (1987) de que as idéias do Iluminismo não se extinguiram no século XVIII, mas ainda estão presentes neste momento sob nova perspectiva. Tomouse também, como ponto de apoio, a indicação de Antonio Candido (1993) de que a obra literária apresenta um diálogo entre autor/obra/público, refletindo as estruturas sociais existentes em seu momento de produção. Na análise, foram enfocados os elementos mais importantes das obras, a saber: o narrador, as personagens infantis, as personagens adultas e os conteúdos escolares evocados. Os resultados obtidos indicam a presença dos ideais iluministas na medida em que as obras prezam pela união entre o útil e o agradável, como forma de equilibrar a tensão entre estético e pedagógico. / Abstract: This work studies six books of Monteiro Lobato, considered of an educative approach, trying to identify the tension between the pedagogic and the esthetic, having in consideration the fact that the historic and social moment of Brazil was favor to the publication of such a work. In this manner, is valuable to emphasize the connection of factors between the publication of such works (1993-1937) and the moment when appears Children Literature in the 18th century. This explain the influence of the way of thinking named Enlightenment or Illustration, that provide conditions to the circulation of such kind in that time. In the same manner, in the books of Lobato in question, is detectable the presence of the same ideas, having always in sight the desire to spread knowledge and progress. To this end, was used as point of theory support, the idea of Rouanet (1987) that the ideas of Enlightenment didn't ended in the 18th Century but still are presents under new perspective. Having also as a theory support the indication by Antonio Candido (1993) that the literary work presents a dialogue between the author, the work and the public, reflecting the social structures existing in the time of production. In the analysis, were in focus the most important elements of the work that is: the narrator, the children persons, the adult persons and the school material evoked. The results indicate the presence of the enlightenment's ideas because de books value the alliance between the utility and the pleasant, how to equilibrate the tension between the pedagogic and the esthetic. / Doutor

A Encyclopédie, principal obra de difusão do Iluminismo, contou com a participação de vários médicos, evidenciando preocupações com a saúde do indivíduo e da população. No século XVIII, afirma-se a primazia da ciência, novo critério de verdade. Em contraposição a fé religiosa, os iluministas valorizavam a razão faculdade capaz de levar ao conhecimento. Observa-se um grande estímulo ao estudo da "natureza", pela via da razão. O Iluminismo produz também uma tese sobre a "natureza humana", e esta crença tornou-se condição de possibilidade para a discussão do que estaria ou não de acordo com a mesma. Criticando a sociedade setecentista, visando produzir mudanças no mundo, filósofos e médicos preocupam-se com a infância, o menor abandonado, o aleitamento materno, comportamento da mãe e o combate as nutrizes - questões relevantes enquanto concernentes a população. Esta passa a ser valorizada enquanto fonte de riqueza de nação. Ainda na segunda metade do século XVIII, o hospital é medicalizado. Enquanto local de cura, será disciplinarizado, apresentando uma nova distribuição espacial. A medicina classificatória, em yoga desde o século anterior, priorizando a observação dos sintomas e a experiência do médico, acaba por ultrapassar a doutrina das crises, apesar da permanência de alguns preceitos hipocráticos. Observa-se a produção de um novo vocabulário médico, a valorização da fisiologia enquanto uma física do corpo humano e um estímulo a intervir na natureza". Em síntese, está se afirmando uma nova administração da vida, da reprodução e da morte. / The Encyclopedie,work of greater importance in the diffusion of Enlightment,was develloped with the contribution of several physicians, which emphasize their concerns about individuals and populations health. In the eighteenth century, primacy of science is stated as a new truth criterion. Intellectuals of Enlightment strengthened the value reason, rather than religious' belief, as a faculty capable of leading to knowledge. It is than observed great stimulus on studying "nature" through the path of reason. Enlightment also brings forth its tnesis on "human nature", and this belief became condition of the possibility for the discussion of what is like or unlike such "human nature". On criticizing seventeenth century's society, as to provoke changes in the world, physicians and phylosophers show their concerns about childhood, parentless children, motherly milk - feeding, mother's behavior and nourishers restraint - all relevant subjects, as well as of population's interest. As a matter of fact, population starts then to be considered as nation's richness source. Yet in the second half of the eighteenth century, hospital is medicalized. As a place of healing, it will pass through disciplinary changes, thus showing a new spatial distribution. The previously present "crisis doctrine" is then exceeded by last century's arisen classificatory medical science - in spite of some remaining hypocratic precepts. It is then engendered a new medical vocabulary, raised the value of physiology as a human body physics, as well as stimulated interferences in "nature". Therefore, one could undoubdtedly say that a new management concerning life, death and reproduction is being asserted.

This diploma paper deals with the two very first purely moral weekly magazines that used to appear in Prague in the beginning of the 70's of the 18th century, Die Unsichtbare and Die Sichtbare. The goal of the diploma paper is to describe the contentual and also the formal aspect of the text in order to enable depicture of the genre's function and its influence on public. There are questions established concerning the source basis and the used methodics in the first chapter. The second chapter tries to get into the history and the structure of the moral magazines using the period hand-books and all available literature. There are the Prague enlightenment and the task of the moral magazines in it brought closer in the third chapter. The fundamental part of my work is the fourth chapter that contains the analysis of the surveyed magazines from the view of the subject-matter, content and marginally language. The last chapter outlines the end of both of the magazines and the fading of this genre in czech lands. The supplement is made of photocopies of the front pages of both of the magazines and examples of the text.

El presente artículo plantea un análisis de las vinculaciones identitarias de la enunciación en la Historia antigua de México (1780), escrita por el jesuita novohispano Francisco Javier Clavijero (1731-1787). Frente a las tesis degradantes europeas que, a mediados del siglo XVIII, buscaron fundamentar la inferioridad de la población americana, Clavijero construye su propuesta apologética de los pueblos prehispánicos del valle del Anáhuac no solo desde una posición estrictamente americanista, propia del discurso criollo, sino también, desde una “hispanista”, que partió de un sentido de pertenencia a una realidad imperial y a una tradición intelectual católica. Estimulado por los ataques ilustrados hacia el catolicismo y la cultura hispana, Clavijero reforzó su identificación con la realidad imperial española y planteó su propuesta apologética. / This article presents an analysis of the identity links as enunciated in the Historia antigua de México (1780), written by the Novohispano Jesuit Francisco Javier Clavijero (1731-1787). Facing the degrading European theses which, during the mid-18th century, had tried to justify the inferiority of the population of the Americas, Clavijero built his defense for the people of the valley of Anahuac not only from a strictly criollo and Americanist position, but also from a Hispanic one, born from a sense of belonging to an imperial reality and a Catholic intellectual tradition. Triggered by the Enlightenment’s attacks toward Catolicism and Hispanice culture, Clavijero strengthened his identification with the Spanish imperial reality in order to build his defense.