Le sol en tant que support de la vie urbaine est encore peu pensé par la recherche architecturale et urbaine. Dans un monde où la concurrence entre villes se joue entre autres sur la qualité des espaces publics, il est pourtant un élément essentiel des usages pédestres. Le pied le foule, l’œil le fait entrer dans l’horizon perceptif sans qu’on s’y attarde, et sans qu’une recherche approfondie nous en ait montré toutes les dimensions sensibles.Après un rappel historique des enjeux de l’aménagement du sol urbain, nous nous penchons sur la façon dont celui-ci est très tôt intégré dans la structuration de l’expérience vécue par tout un chacun, notamment lors de l’apprentissage de la marche. Le sol est une donnée première de l’environnement et joue un rôle dans la formation de l’équilibre, du sens de la proprioception. Il participe ainsi à l’arrière-plan corporel de l’expérience, en même temps qu’il est une surface d’échanges. En matière d’architecture et d’urbanisme, nous faisons l’hypothèse que le sol fait partie du fond de l’ambiance : il contribue à l’arrière-plan ambiantal de l’expérience sensorielle des espaces publics. Pour avancer sur ces hypothèses, trois corpus sont constitués : le premier, à partir d’une écoute réactivée de vingt sons enregistrés à Paris, analyse la part du sol dans la qualité sonore de l’ambiance vécue ; le second, issu d’observations et de relevés vidéo sur deux terrains comparés à Barcelone et La Défense, permet d’évoquer les relations entre topographie et mobilité ; le troisième, issu de l’expérimentation de dix parcours commentés effectués les yeux fermés sur une partie du site de La Défense, tente d’approcher l’expérience somatique dans le rapport au sol : comment se joue la relation entre le sol et le « soma » ? Pour conclure, nous discutons les apports réciproques entre Ambiances et Somatiques, deux disciplines au cœur desquelles le sentir est exploré. Que peuvent apporter les somatiques aux ambiances en terme de méthode d’étude, du point de vue théorique et pour l’approche du projet ? / The ground as a support for urban life remains a largely understudied topic in architectural and urban research. In a world where towns compete to offer a better quality of public spaces, pedestrian use is considered as an essential aspect. Felt underfoot and seen on the perceptual horizon without being consciously considered, very little in-depth research has revealed its sentient dimensions.After some brief historical considerations on the importance of urban ground, the study focuses on how the ground is integrated into the lived experience of our environment, beginning with how we learn to walk. The ground is a fundamental dimension and plays an essential role in keeping balance and creating a sense of proprioception. It participates as a basis for bodily experience by providing a surface of exchange. In terms of architecture and urban design, this study posits the ground as part of the ambiance as it constitutes the ambient background of the sensory experience of public spaces. In order to develop this hypothesis three case studies are considered: the first, based on a reactivated listening of twenty sounds recorded in Paris to provide an analysis of the role that the ground plays in experiencing the ambiance; the second, a comparative set of observations and video recordings taken in two sites in Barcelona and La Défense in Paris; the third, is based on ten blind-folded commented walks carried out at La Défense. It tries to examine what the somatic experience of the ground entails, how does the relationship between the ground and the “soma” take place? In conclusion, the reciprocal contributions of Ambiances and Somatics are considered in relation to this material as we ask what new theoretical approaches these disciplines can provide in exploring body experience.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med insikter om utveckling av biologiundervisningen med kroppen som tema i förskolan. Metoderna som har använts är semistrukturerade och strukturerade intervjuer. De genomfördes med sju förskollärare och 19 barn där barnen var i åldrarna mellan fyra och sex år på fyra olika förskolor i mellansverige. De resultat som har framkommit i studien har analyserats genom en fenomenografisk analysmodell samt kategorisering. Resultatet visar att undervisningen om människokroppen endast har skett spontant vid enstaka tillfällen eller inte alls. Utifrån den data som har samlats in ser vi att arbetet, förskollärarnas medvetenhet och barnens kunskaper kring några av människokroppens organ har utvecklingspotential. Barnen visade på bredare kunskap än förskollärarnas uppfattningar. En teori om slutsatser som framkommit är att läropanen ger förskollärarna utrymme för tolkning av arbetet inom biologi då mål med inriktning på människokroppen inte nämns.

Title: Detection of Signs of Fatigue in Functional Tests in Healthy Population by OpenPose Objectives: The aim of this study is if the OpenPose system can detect changes in range of motion and unwanted movements of other segments in repetitive a full arm abduction test with weight and a single leg stance based on comparation of changes in angles and relative distances between first and last seconds of the movement. Methods: This pilot study was dedicated to healthy people between 18 and 65 years. A video recording was made within an intervention while subjects were doing a full arm abduction test with weight and a single leg stance until the maximum endurance. Videorecording was processed by the OpenPose software which detects human movements base on algorithm without using a physical markers. Key point combinations (markers) were defined to obtain information about changes in movement and posture (angles, relative distances). Basic statistical measurements were done and compared between first and last seconds of the movement. Temporospatial data were collected to reach the results. Results: Almost all differences in key point combinations to detect arm abduction movement were evaluated as statistically significant. Changes in single leg stance were usually evaluated as not statistically...

The main source of the human body odour is an axillary region. Human body odour is individually specific and results from genetic and environmental factors. Human body odour is an important sexual attractant for potential partners. It is influenced by environmental factors, such as an emotional state and health. Important environmental factors influencing human body odour are also eating habits. However, we know very little about how particular dietary components shape our body odour. Only the effect of red meat and garlic consumption have been tested. Here we tested the effect of caffeine (from usual source and guarana) and beta- carotene. In our three experiments we used a balanced within-subject experimental design. Volunteers donated twice their body odour: once after ingestion of the tested substance, second time in the control situation. Samples were then assessed for their attractiveness and intensity by group of women. Results showed that caffeine consumption may influence negatively attractiveness and intensity of human body odour. Guarana and beta-carotene did not show any significant results. These results partially confirmed that dietary factors influence the quality of the human body odour. This field should be further studied as a part of the environmental factors influencing human...

The purpose of this study is to illustrate how norms of the human body appears in childrens informational books. To answer the purpose of the study a discourse analysis of text and pictures has been made. The analysis was conducted on eight different informational books which are directed for children. The informational books were borrowed from a major library in central Sweden. The informational books was analysed through four different steps where five different questions was used in each step. The result and conclusion indicates that the norm of the human body who appears in the analyzed childrens informational books are mostly the thinner one. The knowledge that this study may contribute with is the importance of presence of descriptions and portrayals of the human body in literature that children can identify themselfs with. Further knowledge that this study may contribute with is how childrens self-esteem can be affected if there do not occure human bodies they can identify themselfs with. / Syftet med studien är att belysa hur normer om människokroppen framträder i faktaböcker om kroppen riktade till barn.  För att besvara studiens syfte användes en diskursanalys av text och bild. Analysen genomfördes på åtta faktaböcker om människokroppen riktade till barn. Faktaböckerna som analyserades lånades på ett större bibliotek i Mellansverige. Faktaböckerna analyserades utifrån fyra olika steg där varje steg utgick ifrån fem olika frågor som besvarades. Resultatet och slutsatsen av studien visar på att det mestadels är en norm av en smalare eller tunnare kroppsform som framkommer i de faktaböckerna som analyserades. Den kunskap som studien kan bidra med är vikten av att det förekommer beskrivningar och gestaltningar av människokroppar i litteratur som barnen kan identifiera sig med. Ytterligare kunskap som studien kan bidra med är hur barns självkänsla kan påverkas om det inte förekommer människokroppar de kan identifiera sig med.

<p dir="ltr">Sensing and communication circuits and systems are crucial components in various electronic devices and technologies. These systems are designed to acquire information from the surrounding environment through sensors, process that information, and facilitate communication between different devices or systems. It plays a vital role in modern electronic devices, enabling them to collect, process, and exchange information to perform various functions in applications such as IoB (Internet of Body), healthcare, hardware security, industrial automation, and more.</p><p dir="ltr">This work focuses on innovations in sensing and communication circuits spanning two independent application areas – human body communication and hardware emanations security.</p><p dir="ltr">First, an ultra-low power ECG monitoring system is implemented to perpetually power itself using Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) to harvest body energy while securely transmitting sensed data through on-body communication, achieving closed-loop operation without external charging or batteries. Custom circuits allow demonstrated feasibility of self-sustaining wearables leveraging Human Body Communication’s advantages.</p><p dir="ltr">Second, investigations reveal vulnerabilities introduced when repairing broken cables, with unintended monopole antennas boosting electromagnetic emissions containing signal correlations. Experiments characterize long-range detection regimes post-repair across USB keyboard cables. Further circuit and structural innovations provide localized shielding at repair points as a potential mitigation. Advancements offer contributions in understanding hardware emission security risks to inform protection strategies.</p><p dir="ltr">The two separate research work demonstrate specialized circuits advancing the state-of-the-art in sensing and communication for wearable body-based systems and hardware security through greater awareness of vulnerabilities from unintended emissions.</p><p><br></p>

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<p dir="ltr">Decades of semiconductor technology scaling and breakthroughs in communication technology have miniaturized computing, embedding it everywhere, enabling the development of smart things connected to the internet, forming the Internet of Things. Further miniaturization of devices has led to an exponential increase in the number of devices in and around the body in the last decade, forming a subset of IoT which is increasingly becoming popular as the Internet of Bodies (IoB). The gradual shift from the current form of human-electronics coexistence to human-electronics cooperation, is the vision of Internet of Bodies (IoB). This vision of a connected future with devices in and around our body talking to each other to assist their day-to-day functions demands energy efficient means of communication. Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication (EQS-HBC) has been proposed as an exciting alternative to traditional Radio Frequency based methodologies for communicating data around the body. In this dissertation, we expand the boundaries of wearable and implantable IoB nodes using Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication and Powering by developing advanced channel models and demonstrating novel applications.</p><p dir="ltr">Leveraging the advanced channel models developed for wearable EQS-HBC, we demonstrate wearable applications like ToSCom which extend the use cases of touchscreens to beyond touch detection and location to enable high-speed communication strictly through touch. We further demonstrate an application of EQS Resonant Human Body Powering to demonstrate Step-to-Charge, allowing mW-scale wireless power transfer to wearable devices. With increasing connected implanted healthcare devices becoming a part of the IoB space, we benchmark RF-based technologies for In-Body to Out-of-Body (IBOB) communication using novel in-vivo experiments. We then explore EQS-HBC in the realm of IBOB communication using advanced channel modeling, revealing its potential for low-power and physically secure data transfer from implantable devices to wearable nodes on the body, demonstrating its potential in extending the battery life span of implantable nodes. Finally, an overview of the potential of IoB devices is analyzed with the use of EQS-HBC where we propose a human-inspired distributed network of IoB nodes which brings us a step closer to the potential for perpetually operable devices in and around the body.</p>

Gendered bodies and new technologies has one founding premise, namely that embodiment constitutes a non-negotiable prerequisite for human life. Although this may seem like an obvious statement, it is a statement that needs to be affirmed in the virtual age wherein we live. New technologies in most of its forms tend to discredit the embodied aspects of human life and instead concentrate on the disembodied aspects thereof. Among new technologies the following are specifically noted: microelectronics, telecommunication networks, nano-technology, virtual reality, computer-mediated communications and other forms of computer technologies. In short, &#8220;new technologies&#8221; refer to all things digital. I explore the issue of embodiment from a gendered perspective, seeing that the female body is the embodiment most likely to be discarded, not only in metaphysical systems, but also in developments within new technologies. The main focus of my gendered analysis is on the visual image and more specifically as it manifests in cinema, advertisements, the Internet, interactive artwork and television. The critical perspective that foregrounds my approach is that of the fairly new field of cyberfeminism. The main concern of cyberfeminism being a critical engagement of women&#8217;s position in terms of new technologies. In this regard, cyberfeminism does not perpetuate an anti-technology stance, but rather embraces technology by emphasising the embodied nature of our existence. I have identified four body types to explore the interactions between bodies and new technologies. They are: the techno-transcendent body; the techno-enhanced body; the marked body and the cyborg body. The four body types differ in the way in which gendered embodiment is negotiated in its interaction with new technologies and these are highlighted and discussed in the four chapters dealing with these four body types. / English / D.Litt.et Phil.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study argues that rape is an instrument of patriarchy, functioning in the same way as torture to keep patriarchal power hierarchies intact. Rape robs women of their voices, making and keeping them invisible. The body is a symbol for power and the female body represents patriarchal angst about losing power. The development of ontologies of body over the ages is traced, showing how these ontologies eventually led to the dualistic devaluing of the body. The body came to be seen as a commodity while the so-called inner or spiritual world became the body of theology. The body of Christ in 1 Corinthians is analysed, showing how Paul placed the body in the centre of theology and Christian life, while he simultaneously undermined the seemingly natural societal hierarchies by (re)constructing the body of Christ in a subversive way. The body of Christ re-members (remembers and reconstructs) the body in a way that controverts the abuse of women’s bodies. By subverting patriarchy’s power hierarchies, by valuing bodies and thereby making them visible, by transforming bodies and by imagining a body beyond patriarchy, the body of Christ re-members the social and individual body in a way that resists the violently abusive patriarchal body. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie argumenteer dat verkragting ’n instrument van patriargie is. Verkragting funksioneer op dieselfde manier as marteling met die doel om patriargale mag-strukture in stand te hou. Verkragting beroof vroue van hul identiteit en maak en hou hulle sodoende onsigbaar. Die liggaam is ‘n simbool van mag en die vroulike liggaam verteenwoordig patriargale angs oor magsverlies. Die ontwikkeling van liggaamsontologieë word nagespeur om aan te toon hoe hierdie ontologieë uiteindelik ontwikkel het tot ’n dualistiese devaluasie van die liggaam. Die liggaam is gesien as ’n kommoditeit, terwyl die sogenaamde innerlike of geestelike wêreld die liggaam van teologie geword het. Die liggaam van Christus in 1 Korintiërs word geanaliseer, om aan te toon hoe Paulus die liggaam in die sentrum van die Christelike lewe geplaas het, terwyl hy terselfdertyd die oënskynlik natuurlike samelewingshiërargieë ondermyn deur die liggaam van Christus op subversiewe wyse te (her)konstrueer. Die liggaam van Christus onthou en rekonstrueer die liggaam op so ‘n wyse dat dit die misbruik van vroue se liggame opponeer. Deur patriargie se magstrukture te ondergrawe, deur liggame te waardeer en hulle sodoende sigbaar te maak, deur liggame te transformeer en deur ’n liggaam anderkant patriargie voor te stel, onthou en rekonstrueer die liggaam van Christus die gemeenskaplike en individuele liggaam op ’n manier wat die gewelddadige misbruik deur die patriargale sisteem teëstaan.