Avhandlingen handlar om den ökande administrationen i moderna organisationer. Det är ett fenomen som uppmärksammats inom flera områden på senare tid, bl.a. inom skolan, sjukvården och polisen. De flesta menar att administration är något negativt, men att en viss del måste finnas för att organisationer skall fungera. Det är ett nödvändigt ont, men samtidigt ett slags smörjmedel i organisationers maskineri. Ofta anses att en ökande administration leder till ineffektivitet, och att det administrativa arbetet skall minimeras för att produktionen inte skall störas. Inom den tidiga forskningen om organisationer var administration ett huvudbegrepp. I själva verket benämndes forskningsområdet för ”den administrativa vetenskapen”, och forskarna sökte teoretiska definitioner och förklaringar till administrativ förändring och tillväxt. Men trots detta har frågan försvunnit från den moderna organisationsforskningens agenda. Idag används nästan inte administration som teoretiskt begrepp och sällan som huvudbegrepp i organisationsstudier. Det saknas modern forskning om administration och det finns inte heller någon enhetlig definition av begreppet. Avhandlingens forskningsfråga handlar om vilka drivkrafter som finns till den administrativa förändringen. En allmän iakttagelse är att administrationen ökar, men utan att det finns några systematiska studier om denna ökning förutom ett antal spridda mätningar där man definierat begreppet på olika sätt och använt olika metoder. Mot bakgrund av detta lyder avhandlingens forskningsfråga: Varför ökar administrationen i moderna organisationer? Den empiriska studien är en genomgång av polisens administrativa arbete mellan 1965-2003. Anledningen till att starpunkten är 1965 är att det är då som polisen förstatligas och blir en enhetlig organisation. Sammanfattningsvis visar genomgången av den administrativa förändringen i polisen att det skett en administrativ tillväxt. Det förekommer ett ökande antal arbetsuppgifter, ett ökat antal anställda som arbetar med administration och fler organisatoriska enheter för administrativa funktioner. Sammanfattningsvis har det administrativa arbetet blivit allt mer komplext inom alla områden, följt den allmänna förvaltningspolitiska utvecklingen, omfördelats mellan personalgrupper i organisationen och i allt större utsträckning handlar om att legitimera verksamheten. Sammantaget finns det fog för att påstå att det skett en administrativ tillväxt inom polisen sedan förstatligandet. Denna tillväxt har skett på alla nivåer i organisationen, vilket innebär att administrativa arbetsuppgifter ökat för såväl poliser som civilanställda. Förklaringarna till denna tillväxt beror på att det finns en ökad kapacitet att administrera, ökade krav på att administrera och att det finns en administrationsideologi kring moderna organisationer. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2004

Mass disruptions of public order present very dangerous social phenomena.Acting as a public authority warranting that these situations are handled whenever they arise, the Police of the Czech Republic need to proceed in such a way as to prevent large-scale damage to health and property and ensure that protected interests are well secured as far as possible. The following two objectives are defined in the Introduction to the present thesis. To identify social changes and changes to legislation affecting the work of the Police of the Czech Republic in ensuring internal security of the State, with special regard to ensuring public order during civil unrests. To draft a guideline serving as a basis for the Police of the Czech Republic to define a standard used to improve its procedures in tackling civil unrests. As the Police of the Czech Republic represent one of the component parts of the Integrated Rescue System (IRS), the introductory part gives a brief account of the history and component units of the IRS. This is followed by a detailed description of the organisational structure of the Police of the Czech Republic, ranging from the Police Presidium and services having a republic-wide competence to Regional Police Directorates. Moreover, an account is given of riot police forces, including their history, development, organisation and training, as well as of the history and activity of anti-conflict teams. As a basis for methodology used to achieve the above-defined objectives, a sufficient amount of documents, coming mainly from internal sources of the Police of the Czech Republic was collected and thoroughly analysed, and a research into foreign and Czech legislation relating mainly to mass disruptions of public order was carried out. A qualitative research was used to gather data on the number of interventions by the riot police forces and anti-conflict teams in each year and with regard to each security measure, and an analysis of these phenomena was undertaken, including above all the events in the Sluknov Headland in 2011 and Ceske Budejovice in 2013. The qualitative research was further applied in the chapter describing the historical record of mass disruptions of public order in the Czech Republic, and in describing how the Police of the Czech Republic perceive these phenomena in terms of their gradual evolution and related social changes. The data collected in relation to foreign and Czech legislation on mass disruptions of public order were evaluated, as was the approach of the Police of the Czech Republic toward tackling these kinds of situation. Based on the defined objectives, the following research question was formulated: Do the Police of the Czech Republic have to respond to social changes and changes to legislation that are deemed to alter their procedures in maintaining public order? The research carried out along with the analysis of the collected data showed that the Police of the Czech Republic should indeed respond to social changes resulting from mass disruptions of public order, ranging from the "techno-party" type of events and spectator violence to the actions of extremists who become increasingly better organised and prepared to stand up against riot police forces, particularly whenever such events involve national minorities. Changes to legislation, such as the adoption of Act No. 273/2008 Coll., on the Police of the Czech Republic, as amended, or amendments of certain legal norms or internal management acts change the procedures and organisation of the Police of the Czech Republic related to tackling mass disruptions of public order, and the Police of the Czech Republic have to respond to them. The thesis includes a draft guideline that will serve as a basic tool for the Police of the Czech Republic to deal with mass disruptions of public order, especially at the stage of preparation, deployment of forces and means and appointment of command crews.

Figurant parmi les études pionnières du chantier historique de la Gendarmerie nationale, ce travail s’efforce de revisiter sous l’angle méconnu des départements pyrénéens frontaliers de l’Espagne, la délicate question du rôle des forces de l’ordre durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'interrogation centrale de cette thèse repose sur les bouleversements physiques et psychiques d'une police à statut militaire soumise à différents facteurs déstabilisants. En prenant d'une part comme base initiale la structure spécifique, le cadre juridique, les missions et l'état d'esprit qui constituent l'identité de la gendarmerie d'avant-guerre et d'autre part, le terreau politique, économique et psychologique pyrénéen, l'objectif est de croiser les données endogènes et exogènes liées à la restructuration de l'arme des années quarante, pour obtenir une typologie comportementale capable de répondre à trois types d’interrogations. Tout d’abord, comment les gendarmes stationnés dans les Pyrénées ont-ils vécu la campagne de 1939-1940 et quelle a été leur contribution à l’effort de guerre ? Puis, pendant la période de l’Occupation née de la défaite de la France, alors que la quasi-totalité de l’espace Pyrénéen reste en zone libre jusqu’au mois de novembre 1942, dans quelle mesure les gendarmes locaux ont-ils été concernés par les ordonnances prises par les vainqueurs ? Quelle a été la résultante des transformations voulues par le régime de Vichy et des nouvelles tâches imposées aux gendarmes en poste à la frontière espagnole ? Enfin, dans une région qui s’est longtemps présentée comme un territoire s’étant lui même libéré du joug de l’occupant, comment les gendarmes ont-ils passé le cap de la Libération et du rétablissement de la légalité républicaine ? À la faveur de la soudure symbolique de l’année 1939, la première partie de cette réflexion s’attache à rappeler et à définir la place de la gendarmerie en tant que corps militaire chargé du maintien de l’ordre, dans le contexte socio-historique pyrénéen. Ce bilan de compétences se veut avant tout comme un trait d’union reliant la chaîne des temps et servant de point d’encrage à la compréhension des métamorphoses postérieures. La seconde partie de ce travail est elle dévolue aux « chemins de l’abîme », cette trajectoire événementielle, qui de la chute de Barcelone à l’occupation totale des Pyrénées en novembre 1942, a fait subir à la gendarmerie locale des contorsions réglementaires, fonctionnelles et psychologiques auxquelles elle n’était pas préparée. Enfin pour finir, la dernière partie de cette étude est consacrée à la période allant de l’hiver 1942 à la fin du mois de novembre 1944, qui marque la résurgence et l’indépendance retrouvée de la Gendarmerie nationale. / Appearing among the first studies of the new historical building site of the national Gendarmerie, this work endeavours to revisit under the ignored angle of the frontier Pyrenean departments of Spain, the delicate question of the role of the police force lasting the Second World War. The central interrogation of this PhD rests on the physical and psychic upheavals of a police force with military statute subjected to various destabilizing factors. While taking on the one hand as bases initial the specific structure, the legal framework, the missions and the state of mind which constitute the identity of the gendarmerie of pre-war period and on the other hand, compost political, economic and psychological Pyrenean, the objective is to cross the endogenous and exogenic data related to the reorganization of the weapon of the Forties, to obtain a behavioural typology able to answer three types of interrogations. First of all, how the gendarmes stationed in the Pyrenees did live the countryside of 1939-1940 and which was their contribution to the effort of war ? Then, for the period of the Occupation born of the defeat of France, whereas the near total of Pyrenean space remains in free zone until November 1942, up to what point were the local gendarmes concerned with the ordinances taken by the winners ? Which was the resultant of the transformations wanted by the mode of Vichy and of the new tasks imposed to the gendarmes in post office at the Spanish border ? Lastly, in an area which was presented a long time in the form of a territory being even released to him of the yoke of the occupant, how did the gendarmes pass the course of the Release and the re-establishment of republican legality ? To the favour of the welding symbolic system of the year 1939, the first part of this reflexion attempts to point out and define the place of the gendarmerie as military body in charge of the maintenance of law and order, in the context Pyrenean socio-history. This assessment of competences wants to be before just like a feature of union connecting the chain of times and being used of point of inking for comprehension of the posterior metamorphoses. The second part of this work is it reserved for the "ways of the abyss", this event-driven trajectory, which fall of Barcelona to the total occupation of the Pyrenees in November 1942, subjected the local gendarmerie of the lawful, functional and psychological distortion with which it was not prepared. Finally to finish, the last part of this study is devoted to the period going of the winter 1942 at the end of November 1944, which marks the resurgence and the found independence of the national Gendarmerie.

Denna studie ämnar undersöka om Polismyndighetens och privata polisanställdas konton på sociala kanaler har en påverkan på intresset för polisyrket. Studien avser att, med sitt resultat och diskussion, redovisa tillvägagångssätt för att skapa ett ökat intresse för polisutbildningen och yrket. Studien grundar sig i en metodkombination som utgår från en kvantitativ enkät, en semistrukturerad intervju samt en dokumentundersökning av Polisens årsredovisningar från 2020 samt 2021. Den kvantitativa enkäten resulterade i 213 svar från polisstudenter vid Malmö universitet, detta kompletterades i sin tur med en kvalitativ intervju som genomfördes med en lärare för Polisens distansutbildning vid Malmö universitet. Studiens resultat påvisade att Polisens närvaro på sociala medier har en stor påverkan på polisstudenters förtroende och intresse för polisyrket, samt att denna närvaro till största del hade en positiv påverkan på förtroendet för Polismyndigheten. Vidare visar resultatet att Polisen marknadsföring via sociala medier inte har någon större påverkan på intresset för yrket då en majoritet av respondenterna ansåg att de skapat intresset på egen hand. Resultatet av intervjun samt dokumentundersökningen indikerar att Polisen samt polisutbildningen ständigt arbetar med marknadsföring av yrket via digitala kanaler, bland annat i form kampanjer, inlägg samt Polisens attraheringsarbete. / This study aims to investigate if the Swedish Police Authority and the social media accounts of Police employees on social media have an impact on the interest of the Police profession. The study intends, with its results and discussion, to make visible ways of creating an increased interest in Police training and the profession as such. The study is based on a combined method containing a quantitative questionnaire, a semi-structured interview, and a document examination of the Police's annual reports from 2020 and 2021. The quantitative questionnaire resulted in 213 responses from police students at Malmö university. Furthermore, this was supplemented by a qualitative interview that was carried out with a teacher for the Police's distance education at Malmö university.  The results of the study showed that the Police's presence on social media has a major impact on Police students' trust and interest for the Swedish Police force, and that it largely had a positive impact on trust. Furthermore, the results show that the marketing of the Police via social media has no major impact on the interest in the profession as a majority of the respondents considered that they created the interest on their own. The results of the interview and the document survey indicate that the Police and Police education are constantly working on marketing the profession via digital channels, including campaigns, posts, and the Police's attraction work.

犯罪防治在各縣市警察機關勤務中具有一定的重要性，本研究目的在於評估各縣市警察機關執行治安與犯罪預防之相對效率。因為內政部將各縣市警察機關分成直轄市、甲級與乙級等三級制，故相對警力投入非常不一致，對犯罪預防效率會產生干擾，為將此項外在環境因素所造成的干擾排除，本研究採取三階段資料包絡分析法，針對臺灣23個縣市警察局，在民國93至95年間，建立評估相對效率之實證模型。研究結果發現未排除環境因素干擾前，臺灣地區各縣市警察局的治安與犯罪預防之平均相對規模效率高於純技術效率，顯示治安與犯罪預防之無效率應為生產技術的影響；此外，甲級縣市警察局的總技術效率值最高，反之，直轄市警察局的治安與犯罪防治效率為最低。在排除環境因素干擾後，臺灣地區各縣市警察局平均治安與犯罪預防相對效率有輕微下降現象，其中，乙級縣市警察局的治安與犯罪防治效率，反而上升到為最高。此外，乙級縣市警察局呈現高比例的規模報酬遞減現象，表示乙級縣市警察局應縮減其所分配到的經費規模，反之，甲級縣市警察局呈現高比例的規模報酬遞增現象，表示甲級縣市警察局應相對增加所得到經費；至於，直轄市警察局的治安與犯罪防治效率並不好，並且，在第三階段分析結果顯示應該再增加直轄市警察局的經費投入，方有助於提升其治安與犯罪防治效率，但是目前直轄市警察局所分配到的警力與經費，已高於甲級與乙級縣市警察局很多，可知，目前直轄市警察局的高額警力投入，可能不完全為提升與改善治安與犯罪防治效率，而應還有其它的重要工作項目，如政府維安，交通維護等。 / The role of crime prevention plays an important role for each county’s police department in Taiwan. This study employs three-stage data envelopment analysis to evaluate the relative crime prevention efficiency among 23 counties police departments in Taiwan from 2004 to 2006. National Police Agency classifies these 23 counties police departments by three categories, A, B and C, in terms of the amount of police force investment. Based on the first-stage analysis, it concludes that relative crime prevention inefficiency for each county comes from the inappropriate police force investment. There are no significant different results in the third-stage analysis. A class, Taipei City and Kaohsiung City police departments which have highest police force investment, have relative lower crime prevention efficiency. However, the C class counties’ police departments, such as Yunlin County and Pingtung County, with lowest police force investment have better performance with highest crime prevention efficiency. And, B class counties’ police departments, such as Taipei County, Kaohsiung County, and Taichung City, with relative higher police force investment have second best performance in crime prevention efficiency. Therefore, this study suggests that the budget of police force investment needs reallocation among three different categories of police departments; the police departments of Taipei City and Kaohsiuang City may consider cutting down some non-related crime prevention services.

Le pouvoir de détenir une personne à des fins d'enquête n'est pas une technique d'investigation nouvelle et tire son origine du droit anglais. Mais cette méthode d'enquête, qui consiste à restreindre temporairement la liberté de mouvement d'une personne que l'on soupçonne pour des motifs raisonnables d'être impliquée dans une activité criminelle, ne fut reconnue officiellement au Canada qu'en juillet 2004 suite au jugement rendu par la Cour suprême dans l'affaire R. c. Mann. Au moment d'écrire ces lignes, cette stratégie d'enquête policière ne fait toujours pas l'objet d'une réglementation spécifique au Code criminel. L'approbation de cette technique d'enquête, en l'absence de toute forme de législation, ne s'est pas faite sans critiques de la part des auteurs et des commentateurs judiciaires qui y voient une intrusion dans un champ de compétences normalement réservé au Parlement. L'arrêt Mann laisse également en suspens une question cruciale qui se rapporte directement aux droits constitutionnels des citoyens faisant l'objet d'une détention semblable: il s'agit du droit d'avoir recours sans délai à l'assistance d'un avocat. Le présent travail se veut donc une étude approfondie du concept de la détention à des fins d'enquête en droit criminel canadien et de son impact sur les droits constitutionnels dont bénéficient les citoyens de notre pays. Pour accomplir cette tâche, l'auteur propose une analyse de la question en trois chapitres distincts. Dans le premier chapitre, l'auteur se penche sur le rôle et les fonctions dévolus aux agents de la paix qui exécutent leur mission à l'intérieur d'une société libre et démocratique comme celle qui prévaut au Canada. Cette étude permettra au lecteur de mieux connaître les principaux acteurs qui assurent le maintien de l'ordre sur le territoire québécois, les crimes qu'ils sont le plus souvent appelés à combattre ainsi que les méthodes d'enquête qu'ils emploient pour les réprimer. Le deuxième chapitre est entièrement dédié au concept de la détention à des fins d'enquête en droit criminel canadien. En plus de l'arrêt R. c. Mann qui fera l'objet d'une étude détaillée, plusieurs autres sujets en lien avec cette notion seront abordés. Des thèmes tels que la notion de «détention» au sens des articles 9 et 10b) de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, la différence entre la détention à des fins d'enquête et l'arrestation, les motifs pouvant légalement justifier une intervention policière de même que les limites et l'entendue de la détention d'une personne pour fins d'enquête, seront aussi analysés. Au troisième chapitre, l'auteur se consacre à la question du droit d'avoir recours sans délai à l'assistance d'un avocat (et d'être informé de ce droit) ainsi que du droit de garder le silence dans des circonstances permettant aux agents de la paix de détenir une personne à des fins d'enquête. Faisant l'analogie avec d'autres jugements rendus par nos tribunaux, l'auteur suggère quelques pistes de solutions susceptibles de combler les lacunes qui auront été préalablement identifiées dans les arrêts Mann et Clayton. / The power to detain a person for investigative purposes is not a new technique of investigation and has its origin in English law. But this method of investigation, which is to temporarily restrict freedom of movement of a person suspected on reasonable grounds to be involved in criminal activity, was officially recognized in Canada in July 2004, following the judgement by the Supreme Court in the case of R. c. Mann. At the time of this writing, this strategy of investigation is not subject to specific regulations to the Criminal Code. The approval of this investigative technique, in the absence of any form of legislation, has not been without criticism from writers and commentators who see it as judicial intrusion into a field of expertise normally reserved for Parliament. The judgement of Mann also leaves open a critical issue that relates directly to the constitutional rights of citizens subjected to a similar kind of detention, namely the right to obtain immediately the assistance of a lawyer. This work is a thorough study of the concept of investigative detention in Canadian criminal law and its impact on the constitutional rights enjoyed by all citizens of our country. To accomplish this task, the author suggests studying this issue in three separate chapters. In the first chapter, the author focuses on the role and functions vested in the peace officers who carry out their mission within a free and democratic society such as the one which prevails in Canada. This study will allow the reader to better understand the main actors responsible for maintaining law and order in Quebec, the crimes they are most often called upon to fight and investigative methods they use to repress those crimes. The second chapter is dedicated to the concept of investigative detention in the context of Canadian criminal law. In addition to the case of R. c. Mann, which will be a study in detail, several other topics related to this concept will he discussed. Themes such as the notion of «detention» within the meaning of Sections 9 and 10b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the difference between the investigative detention and the arrest, the motives which can legally justify a police intervention as well as the limits of the detention of a person for purposes of investigation, will also he analyzed.. The third chapter is devoted to the question of the right to communicate immediately with a lawyer (and to he informed of that right) and the right to remain silent in circumstances enabling peace officers to detain a person for investigative purposes. In making a comparison with other judgments rendered by our courts, the author suggest some possible solutions that could fill gaps that have been previously identified by the Supreme Court in the cases R. c. Mann and R. c. Clayton.

This dissertation studies the development of a regulation of prostitution in Stockholm during the period 1812-1880. The development of the regulation system is seen in the light of an analytical framework, developed from Carole Pateman's ideas on the sexual contract, and a feministic critique and elaboration of Jürgen Habermas's ideas on the public sphere. The regulation of prostitution was a common characteristic for many metropolises in Europe during the nineteenth century, where supposedly loose and lecherous women were medically and spatially controlled to impede the spread of venereal diseases. Stockholm, and Sweden as a whole, went from a non-gendered to a gendered control of venereal disease, which eventually developed into a spatial control of public women. This study argues that the practices of a regulation system was at first part of an attempt to import what was seen as part of modernisation. Rather than to prohibit extra-marital sexual relations, these were to be controlled and supervised. Eventually the system was adapted to local circumstances in Stockholm, and a control of women's sexuality in public became part of a metropolitan modernity. In the process of the professionalisation of groups such as the police and the physicians, public women were over time perceived as a group of professional prostitutes. The possibility to live off prostitution as a transitory stage in women's lives disappeared, and prostitution became a medically and spatially controlled trade.

Le pouvoir de détenir une personne à des fins d'enquête n'est pas une technique d'investigation nouvelle et tire son origine du droit anglais. Mais cette méthode d'enquête, qui consiste à restreindre temporairement la liberté de mouvement d'une personne que l'on soupçonne pour des motifs raisonnables d'être impliquée dans une activité criminelle, ne fut reconnue officiellement au Canada qu'en juillet 2004 suite au jugement rendu par la Cour suprême dans l'affaire R. c. Mann. Au moment d'écrire ces lignes, cette stratégie d'enquête policière ne fait toujours pas l'objet d'une réglementation spécifique au Code criminel. L'approbation de cette technique d'enquête, en l'absence de toute forme de législation, ne s'est pas faite sans critiques de la part des auteurs et des commentateurs judiciaires qui y voient une intrusion dans un champ de compétences normalement réservé au Parlement. L'arrêt Mann laisse également en suspens une question cruciale qui se rapporte directement aux droits constitutionnels des citoyens faisant l'objet d'une détention semblable: il s'agit du droit d'avoir recours sans délai à l'assistance d'un avocat. Le présent travail se veut donc une étude approfondie du concept de la détention à des fins d'enquête en droit criminel canadien et de son impact sur les droits constitutionnels dont bénéficient les citoyens de notre pays. Pour accomplir cette tâche, l'auteur propose une analyse de la question en trois chapitres distincts. Dans le premier chapitre, l'auteur se penche sur le rôle et les fonctions dévolus aux agents de la paix qui exécutent leur mission à l'intérieur d'une société libre et démocratique comme celle qui prévaut au Canada. Cette étude permettra au lecteur de mieux connaître les principaux acteurs qui assurent le maintien de l'ordre sur le territoire québécois, les crimes qu'ils sont le plus souvent appelés à combattre ainsi que les méthodes d'enquête qu'ils emploient pour les réprimer. Le deuxième chapitre est entièrement dédié au concept de la détention à des fins d'enquête en droit criminel canadien. En plus de l'arrêt R. c. Mann qui fera l'objet d'une étude détaillée, plusieurs autres sujets en lien avec cette notion seront abordés. Des thèmes tels que la notion de «détention» au sens des articles 9 et 10b) de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, la différence entre la détention à des fins d'enquête et l'arrestation, les motifs pouvant légalement justifier une intervention policière de même que les limites et l'entendue de la détention d'une personne pour fins d'enquête, seront aussi analysés. Au troisième chapitre, l'auteur se consacre à la question du droit d'avoir recours sans délai à l'assistance d'un avocat (et d'être informé de ce droit) ainsi que du droit de garder le silence dans des circonstances permettant aux agents de la paix de détenir une personne à des fins d'enquête. Faisant l'analogie avec d'autres jugements rendus par nos tribunaux, l'auteur suggère quelques pistes de solutions susceptibles de combler les lacunes qui auront été préalablement identifiées dans les arrêts Mann et Clayton. / The power to detain a person for investigative purposes is not a new technique of investigation and has its origin in English law. But this method of investigation, which is to temporarily restrict freedom of movement of a person suspected on reasonable grounds to be involved in criminal activity, was officially recognized in Canada in July 2004, following the judgement by the Supreme Court in the case of R. c. Mann. At the time of this writing, this strategy of investigation is not subject to specific regulations to the Criminal Code. The approval of this investigative technique, in the absence of any form of legislation, has not been without criticism from writers and commentators who see it as judicial intrusion into a field of expertise normally reserved for Parliament. The judgement of Mann also leaves open a critical issue that relates directly to the constitutional rights of citizens subjected to a similar kind of detention, namely the right to obtain immediately the assistance of a lawyer. This work is a thorough study of the concept of investigative detention in Canadian criminal law and its impact on the constitutional rights enjoyed by all citizens of our country. To accomplish this task, the author suggests studying this issue in three separate chapters. In the first chapter, the author focuses on the role and functions vested in the peace officers who carry out their mission within a free and democratic society such as the one which prevails in Canada. This study will allow the reader to better understand the main actors responsible for maintaining law and order in Quebec, the crimes they are most often called upon to fight and investigative methods they use to repress those crimes. The second chapter is dedicated to the concept of investigative detention in the context of Canadian criminal law. In addition to the case of R. c. Mann, which will be a study in detail, several other topics related to this concept will he discussed. Themes such as the notion of «detention» within the meaning of Sections 9 and 10b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the difference between the investigative detention and the arrest, the motives which can legally justify a police intervention as well as the limits of the detention of a person for purposes of investigation, will also he analyzed.. The third chapter is devoted to the question of the right to communicate immediately with a lawyer (and to he informed of that right) and the right to remain silent in circumstances enabling peace officers to detain a person for investigative purposes. In making a comparison with other judgments rendered by our courts, the author suggest some possible solutions that could fill gaps that have been previously identified by the Supreme Court in the cases R. c. Mann and R. c. Clayton.

The police activity presents various possibilities of interpretation and a variety of points of view is therefore necessary to develop a series of research that contributes to your understanding as a sociological category. Thus, this research sought to focus its analysis on how police car police Battalion of the Military Police of Alagoas understand the fundamental concepts of force and violence seeking to notice if they are able to differentiate these concepts considering the possibility that the police are developing an action of violence applying to this an understanding of action guided by the force. Likewise , for those who sought to understand the police action is being directed and how they build their social representations based on the stigma of the enemy that must be fought and how effective is the relationship of these stigmas with the application of the label of deviant to a stigmatized subject . The subjective construction of police comprising the "Mala" as the executioner and the periphery of its territory as belonging promoted the understanding police strategies and ways to combat and hunting of this supposed enemy. To that end, we developed a relationship between the theoretical foundations of Howard Becker and Erving Golfman. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A atividade policial apresenta diversas possibilidades de interpretação e uma variedade de pontos de vista sendo, portanto, necessário o desenvolvimento de uma série de pesquisas que contribuam para sua compreensão como categoria sociológica. Desta forma, esta pesquisa procurou focar sua análise na forma como os policiais do Batalhão de Radiopatrulha da Policia Militar de Alagoas compreendem os conceitos fundamentais de força e violência procurando perceber se eles são capazes de diferenciar esses conceitos considerando a possibilidade dos policiais estarem desenvolvendo uma ação de violência aplicando a esta uma compreensão de ação pautada na força. Da mesma forma, procurou compreender para quem a ação policial está sendo direcionada e como eles constroem suas representações sociais fundadas nos estigmas do inimigo que precisa ser combatido e como se efetiva a relação desses estigmas com a aplicação do rotulo de desviante ao sujeito estigmatizado. A construção subjetiva do policial compreendendo o "Mala" como o algoz e a periferia como seu território de pertencimento possibilitaram entender as estratégias da policia e as formas de combate e caça a este suposto inimigo. Para tanto, foi elaborado uma relação entre os fundamentos teóricos de Erving Golfman e Howard Becker.

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