The ongoing opioid crisis presents a significant public health challenge particularly for people who use opioids (PWUO). Naloxone is an opioid antagonist crucial to reducing opioid overdose mortality. Inconsistencies exist among PWUO in obtaining, carrying, discussing, and administering naloxone. Using sequential mixed methods, this study was aimed at investigating the use of implementation intentions on naloxone use among PWUO. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 83 PWUO to gather individual experiences with using naloxone and contextual details regarding its use. An essentialist thematic analysis with inductive coding revealed valuable insights into where, for whom, and when naloxone is implemented. The analysis identified major themes such as caring for others' needs, knowledge gaps, reinforcement through overdose experiences, duality of overdose and compassion, and stigma. Minor themes related to syringe services program implementation and drug use were identified. Building on these qualitative findings a quantitative analysis determined the impact of implementation intentions on naloxone implementation. Participants were randomly assigned to develop implementation intentions or goal intentions for the use of naloxone. Follow-up surveys assessed changes in participants' intentions to obtain, carry, discuss, and administer naloxone and their actual implementation over a 6-month period. At the 3-month follow-up the experimental condition exhibited statistically significant positive intentions to obtain naloxone and engage in discussions about naloxone in social contexts of drug use. Changes in the magnitude of naloxone implementation were observed at the 3- and 6-month timepoints. Specifically, the self-reported discussion of naloxone showed noticeable changes in implementation frequency over time. This suggests that while implementation intentions may not have statistically significant effects on the use of naloxone it had some influence on the frequency of discussing naloxone prior to drug use. This work makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature because of its attempt to apply the Theory of Planned Behavior and implementation intentions in a novel way. Though the experimental hypothesis was not supported statistically significant observations were made for some behaviors at the 3-month follow-up. The pragmatic nature of the setting enhances the relevance of the findings and provides valuable insights for future interventions supporting PWUO. / Doctor of Philosophy / The ongoing crisis of opioid addiction poses a significant public health challenge particularly for individuals who use opioids. Naloxone is a medication that can reverse opioid overdoses and it plays a crucial role in saving lives. People who use opioids often face difficulties in accessing, carrying, discussing, and using naloxone consistently. This study was aimed at investigating the use of naloxone by employing qualitative and quantitative methods. We conducted interviews with 83 individuals who use opioids to explore their experiences and gather insights into naloxone use. These interviews provided valuable information about when, where, and for whom naloxone is used. Several important themes emerged including the significance of helping others, knowledge gaps, the influence of personal experiences, the conflict between the fear of overdose and caring for others, and the stigma associated with drug use. We investigated the impact of a specific approach called "implementation intentions" in improving naloxone use. Participants were randomly assigned to create specific plans or general goals for naloxone use. Through surveys conducted over a 6-month period we examined changes in participants' intentions and actions related to naloxone use. Although the specific approach did not yield significant improvements, we observed changes in how people discussed naloxone over time. This study contributes to the existing research by introducing innovative ideas to support positive behavioral changes among individuals who use opioids. The real-world setting in which the study took place enhances the applicability of the findings and offers valuable insights for future programs supporting individuals who use opioids.

Substance abusers and convicts have beneficial knowledge that researchers and service providers could use. Unfortunately, they tend to suffer from the stigma that often comes with exclusion from society and public discussions. Excluding them from discussion means that their knowledge cannot be benefitted from.  The Experts by experience concept gives a voice and expertise to those who have experience of specific experiences and situations. The use of these Experts has been found highly beneficial for many health service providers, and some findings indicate promising results also with a target group of substance abusers and convicts.  This study aims to investigate the impact that the participants of Keijo, an Experts by Experience program in Finland, can bring to their workplaces where they work with substance abusers and convicts. This paper performed seven semi-structured interviews with organizations that have worked with Experts by Experience from the Keijo program.  The analysis of this paper found the use of Experts by Experience in organizations to be considered valuable and beneficial. The findings indicated that the Experts had a positive impact on their clients, which often supported the work of the organizations. Additionally, the importance of Experts was also recognized as an important and valuable source of knowledge for the organizations and their colleagues.  This study will conclude by encouraging further use and research of Experts by Experience with this target group.

Individual pro-social behaviour has been explored by academics and others in a variety of situations and contexts. Why people act selflessly on behalf of strangers is an intriguing topic and has not been studied in the specific context of the Crown courts before. This study has three phases. The first allows independent witnesses to describe their emotions, decision-making and motivations for taking part in the criminal justice process where there is no overt benefit for themselves to do so. The study identifies three key points in the witnesses’ journey through the process and tests the reactions of the witnesses at these points. This approach allows any changes in their thinking to be recorded and analysed. The second phase of the research asks other participants who have not been witnesses to imagine themselves becoming aware of three different scenarios where a violent crime is occurring. These participants are asked to think about their reactions to each scenario, and if they expect themselves to act as witnesses, asks what their motivations would be. The imagining witnesses’ reflections are compared to those of the real witnesses from Phase 1. Finally, phase three disseminates the results from phases one and two to senior professionals working in the criminal justice sector. Their thoughts and suggestions are also applied to the results to identify and encourage best practise.

This paper analyzes the NBA's communications efforts from June 4 to July 30, 2020 as it prepared for an unprecedented season restart in the early days of a global pandemic. While scholars have examined the media's framing of the NBA in this period, there is a gap in the literature when looking at the official NBA communications strategy of the organization itself. As the first study to use risk communication theory in a sports scenario while also employing corporate social advocacy as the second theoretical basis of analysis, this qualitative study is a thematic and textual analysis of 14 NBA press releases and three existing video interviews of NBA Commissioner Adam Silver. Findings show that risk communication theory holds up in a sports context as the NBA employed effective use of widely accepted risk communication criteria. The study also puts forth a basis for CSA in sports communication regarding social justice.

Yes / The linear economic business model was deemed unsustainable, necessitating the emergence of the circular economy (CE) business model. Due to resource scarcity, increasing population, and high food waste levels, the food sector has been facing significant sustainability challenges. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly those in the food sector, are making efforts to become more sustainable and to adopt new business models such as the CE, but adoption rates remain low. Industry 4.0 and its associated technological applications have the potential to enable CE implementation and boost business competitiveness. In the context of emerging economies facing significant resource scarcity constraints and limited technology availability, CE principles need to be adapted. CE could create a new job economy in emerging economies, bringing scale and a competitive advantage. This study explores the enablers of and barriers to Industry 4.0 adoption for CE implementation in fruit and vegetable SMEs in India from a resource-based perspective. The purpose is to develop an evidence-based framework to help inform theory and practice about CE implementation by SMEs in emerging economies. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in food SMEs. The interview transcripts were first subjected to thematic analysis. The analysis was then complemented with sentiment and emotion analyses. Subsequently, hierarchical cluster analysis, k-means analysis, and linear projection analysis were performed. Among others, the findings suggest that Industry 4.0 plays a key role in implementing CE in SMEs in emerging economies such as India. However, there are specific enablers and barriers that need to be considered by SMEs to develop the resources and capabilities needed for CE competitive advantage.

The advertising industry is increasingly concerned with communicating about sustainability in campaigns that are produced by creative departments within agencies. It therefore appears relevant to understand the outlook on sustainability of the very people in charge of promoting it, even more so when these people are women who have long been subjected to barriers and discriminations within the industry. This thesis focuses on the perspective of women working in advertising creativity in Italy, a country in which the most widespread ideas of womanhood are disempowering as well. Evidence from interviews conducted with seven professionals in the field indicate that participants make sense of sustainability as primarily environmental and distinct from social issues. They also perceive it as future-oriented, made of small actions, linked with positive feelings. Overall, this understanding limits the actionability of the concept. At the same time, women are confronted with professional and social barriers that diminish the strength of their potential contribution. These include a solely profit-oriented industry, cultural and political boundaries and gendered socio-professional challenges.

This thesis investigates the role Turkey’s pursuit of regional power status plays in its narrative of Syrian mass migration from 2011 to 2014. By thematically analyzing 23 speeches given by Ahmet Davutoglu, the Foreign Minister at the time, this paper explores different themes that emerge both in Turkey’s approaches to Syrian migration and in their pursuit of regional power status. This study also aims to bridge the gap between migration studies and International Relations theories by using the theoretical concept of constructivism to help explain the approach Turkey has for its foreign policy. The main themes that emerge from Davutoglu’s speeches demonstrate the multilayered nature of both the Syrian migration crisis that altered the whole region and Turkey’s perceived rise to power.

The literature on the experience of siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been growing in recent years. However, most studies have been conducted in Western countries. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting a thematic analysis on childhood experiences of typically developed (TD) siblings of children with ASD in Iran, exploring their challenging and positive experiences along with the support they received and would have needed. In this regard, five adult TD siblings who grew up with an ASD sibling in Iran were interviewed about their childhood experiences. The analysis of the interviews resulted in six main themes: Experience of distress and personal growth, Complex sibling dynamics: challenges and joys, Challenges within the family, Informal support as the main resource, Inadequate formal support, and Social and cultural barriers This study indicated that the Iranian TD siblings experienced emotional difficulties, challenges in interactions with their ASD siblings, and challenges in their families. Despite these issues, positive outcomes such as personal growth and enhanced empathy were also reported. This study also underscored the critical role of both informal and formal support systems, highlighting a significant gap in professional support and a lack of societal understanding of ASD within the Iranian context. Recommendations include developing formal supports adjusted to the unique needs of TD siblings considering their social and cultural context.

IST is a company that develops software for the education sector. The company's growth has led to inconsistency in its software suite, negatively impacting user and developer experience. User interface components such as buttons and forms vary in design and implementation across their services, making it challenging for users to navigate and for developers to maintain. To improve this, IST has started a project to switch to a different front-end architecture, known as micro-frontend, which will need to be accompanied by technical documentation. This project is referred to as ‘CommonUI’. Reading and contributing to documentation, especially for software, is indicated by existing literature to be perceived unappealing by developers. This thesis aims to explore developers' attitudes toward documentation and proposes Developer Experience-oriented features. The method process involves a literature review, semi-structured interviews and identifying themes using thematic analysis. The findings reject the hypothesis that developers find documentation unappealing, indicating that most developers view engaging with documentation positively, motivated by altruism. Key themes identified from the interviews include the need for examples, up-to-date, concise text, and easily findable documentation. Proposed features to improve the Developer Experience include interactive component examples, integration of documentation with design specifications, dynamic presentation of code from source files, mechanisms for user feedback, text limitations, and enhanced search functionality.

In the wake of the Pulse nightclub massacre, the effort to create a memorial devolved into a crisis and ultimate failure amidst a complex interplay of divergent claims. This study explored the evolving memorialization process for the creation of a Pulse Memorial, utilizing Fisher's narrative paradigm to analyze articles from the Orlando Sentinel published between January 1st, 2023, and January 31st, 2024. By employing Fisher's framework, which emphasizes narrative fidelity and narrative probability, this study investigated the dynamic evolution of storytelling related to the Pulse Memorial Crisis. Through thematic analysis, the study explored how stakeholders constructed and challenged the memory of the tragedy, providing insights into the underlying tensions and harmonies in the memorialization process. Additionally, the study identified and examined the dominant narratives surrounding the Pulse Memorial Crisis in the Orlando Sentinel.