Yes / Approximately half the care for people with dementia is provided by families. It is therefore imperative that research informs ways of maintaining such care. In this study we propose that a needs-led approach can provide a useful, novel means of conceptualising the impact of caring on the lives of family carers. Our aim was to develop and present a needs-led framework for understanding how providing care impacts on carers’ fulfilment of needs. In this qualitative study we conducted 42 semi-structured interviews with a purposively diverse sample of family carers to generate nuanced contextualised accounts of how caring impacted on carers’ lives. Our inductive thematic analysis focused upon asking: ‘What need is being impacted here?’ in order to generate a needs-led framework for understanding. In this qualitative study we conducted 42 semi-structured interviews with a purposively diverse sample of family carers to generate nuanced contextualised accounts of how caring impacted on carers’ lives. Our inductive thematic analysis focused upon asking: ‘What need is being impacted here?’ in order to generate a needs-led framework for understanding. Nine themes were widely endorsed. Each completed the sentence: “Being a carer impacts on fulfilling my need to/for….”: Freedom; feel close to my relative; feel in control of my life; be my own person; protect my relative; share/express my thoughts and feelings; take care of myself; feel connected to the people around me; get things done. These needs echo those from other research areas, with relational needs emerging as particularly central. The needs-led approach offers a perspective that is able to capture both stresses and positives aspects of caregiving. We recommend that clinical interviewing using Socratic questioning to discover human needs that are being impacted by caring would provide a valuable starting point for care planning. / Medical Research Council and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). Grant title: HQLC Dementia Carers Instrument Development: DECIDE (MR/M025179/1) / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, August 2018.

Le présent travail aborde le thème de la complexité sémantique dans le langage naturel, et il propose une hypothèse basée sur certaines caractéristiques des phrases du langage naturel qui déterminent la difficulté pour l'interpretation humaine.Nous visons à introduire un cadre théorique général de la complexité sémantique de la phrase, dans lequel la difficulté d'élaboration est liée à l'interaction entre deux composants: la Mémoire, qui est responsable du rangement des représentations d'événements extraites par des corpus, et l'Unification, qui est responsable de la combinaison de ces unités dans des structures plus complexes. Nous proposons que la complexité sémantique depend de la difficulté de construire une représentation sémantique de l'événement ou de la situation exprimée par une phrase, qui peut être récupérée directement de la mémoire sémantique ou construit dynamiquement en satisfaisant les contraintes contenus dans les constructions.Pour tester nos intuitions, nous avons construit un Distributional Semantic Model pour calculer le coût de composition de l'unification des phrases. Les tests sur des bases de données psycholinguistiques ont révélé que le modèle est capable d'expliquer des phénomènes sémantiques comme la mise à jour context-sensitive des attentes sur les arguments et les métonymies logiques. / The present work deals with the problem of the semantic complexity in natural language, proposing an hypothesis based on some features of natural language sentences that determine their difficulty for human understanding. We aim at introducing a general framework for semantic complexity, in which the processing difficulty depends on the interaction between two components: a Memory component, which is responsible for the storage of corpus-extracted event representations, and a Unification component, which is responsible for combining the units stored in Memory into more complex structures. We propose that semantic complexity depends on the difficulty of building a semantic representation of the event or the situation conveyed by a sentence, that can be either retrieved directly from the semantic memory or built dynamically by solving the constraints included in the stored representations.In order to test our intuitions, we built a Distributional Semantic Model to compute a compositional cost for the sentence unification process. Our tests on several psycholinguistic datasets showed that our model is able to account for semantic phenomena such as the context-sensitive update of argument expectations and of logical metonymies.

The field of equine therapy (ET) in Canada and the USA encompasses a range of distinct approaches, such as equine-facilitated therapy, equine-assisted therapy, therapeutic riding, and hippotherapy. Due to issues like inconsistent terminology and lack of standardized practice manuals, there are gaps in the ET knowledge about how these approaches relate or differ from each other. This research reviewed 47 scholarly, peer-reviewed articles about ET approaches and applied thematic analysis to determine key themes that clarify key traits of each approach. Recognizing that children and youth are common participants in equine therapy, this research was motivated by the questions: What type of relational dynamics are modelled for children and youth in ET? How are these horse-human relationships portrayed? Which participants possess their own agency? Findings of this research provide insights about each approach of ET and highlight the therapeutic affects of interspecies relationships between humans and horses. Contradictory viewpoints about mutual agency between species are identified in language that described horses are active, intelligent subjects and/or passive, inanimate objects. This research provides insights about the different forms of ET, highlights important benefits and gaps, and invites the fields of Child and Youth Care and Animal-Assisted Therapy to critically reflect on the relational tensions of employing non-human animals in human therapy. / Graduate

Scholars have proposed that Jude and 2 Peter are literarily dependent. However, there is no definitive conclusion among scholars concerning which one is literarily dependent on the other. There are arguments for and against each of the literary dependency theories. It is difficult to define what is meant by literary dependency and how to measure it. By utilizing Lemke’s notion of intertextuality, this study examines the thematic formations, axiological stance, and rhetorical formations of Jude and 2 Peter. This study demonstrates that there are significant intertextual relations that can account for the similarities between these two texts. There is substantial evidence which suggests that their differences are significant. Jude and 2 Peter do not provide essential intertextual background information to understand each other. Through the analysis of other intertexts, this study reveals a significant number of intertexts, like the LXX, Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, and contemporary literature, that can account for the meaning formation of the two books. These texts can be considered as more significant intertexts for Jude and 2 Peter.

During the last two decades, there has been great interest in integrating computers and technology in higher education. Currently web tool services for learning have attracted researchers in the field of education technology to integrate eLearning within the learning environment. In particular, the Internet has become an increasingly important and novel feature of the modern learning environment. Amongst the innovations, a certain tool has become extremely popular worldwide. It is known as web 2.0. It is a read/write web. Blogs (web logs) are one its fastest growing features. The researcher investigated the exciting prospect of developing an eLearning environment by utilizing and applying effective blogs. To date there has been little use of blogs as online tools in higher education, especially in Saudi Arabia. This study concerned the disclosure of more understanding of the use of web 2.0 applications in higher education in Saudi universities. The first purpose of this study was to develop an eLearning model for web 2.0. Its second purpose was to examine learners' perceptions and attitudes toward web 2.0 applications, i.e. blog tools by exploring the relationship between learners' attitudes toward blog tool instructions and factors identified as potentially influencing these attitudes. This research adopted an approach based on an interpretive philosophical paradigm accompanied by a qualitative methodology coupled with action research methods. Learning theories were considered as a theoretical framework. The learning theories considered was Behaviorism, Cognitive and Constructivism with Bloom's Taxonomy and Boud's Model. Data was collected qualitatively and analyzed thematically. Triangulation was conducted upon the outcomes of the questionnaires, interviews, observations and blog content analysis. This research made four main contributions. First, it identified the factors that influenced learner acceptance for the use of blog tools in higher education. Second, it investigated the relationship between learners' attitudes and their acceptance of the utilization of blog tools within their learning environment. Third, it responded to calls from the literature review to investigate blog utilization by conducting an in-depth investigation that utilized qualitative methodology with action research. Lastly, it provided further insight and a better understanding of blog usage with respect to structured/ unstructured learning environments.

This study is thematic analysis that sought to identify nationalistic themes in mainland China's box-office hits in the 21st century. Box-office hits as the study material were picked because of their potential to spread the message they carry. Altogether, 14 movies were analyzed through a deconstruction, identifying scenes and dialogues that contained nationalistic appeals of both political and cultural nationalism as defined by Greenfeld (1992). During the coding process, 22 nationalistic themes were labeled, defined and described. Additionally, the study examined nationalistic structures of the movies taking Gries' (2004) nationalistic narratives and Smith's (1995) ethnic myths as a basis. Movies' background, and historical context adressing China's movie industry and Chinese nationalism are included for clarification purposes. The movies were found to exhibit manifestations of both cultural and political nationalism. It was found that movies financed and backed by government tend to show political nationalism while commercial movies exhibit cultural nationalism. For the movies' thematic structures, the shift from positive ones showing China's achievements towards negative ones expressing China's suffering was discovered. / This study is thematic analysis that sought to identify nationalistic themes in mainland China's box-office hits in the 21st century. Box-office hits as the study material were picked because of their potential to spread the message they carry. Altogether, 14 movies were analyzed through a deconstruction, identifying scenes and dialogues that contained nationalistic appeals of both political and cultural nationalism as defined by Greenfeld (1992). During the coding process, 22 nationalistic themes were labeled, defined and described. Additionally, the study examined nationalistic structures of the movies taking Gries' (2004) nationalistic narratives and Smith's (1995) ethnic myths as a basis. Movies' background, and historical context adressing China's movie industry and Chinese nationalism are included for clarification purposes. The movies were found to exhibit manifestations of both cultural and political nationalism. It was found that movies financed and backed by government tend to show political nationalism while commercial movies exhibit cultural nationalism. For the movies' thematic structures, the shift from positive ones showing China's achievements towards negative ones expressing China's suffering was discovered.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka framträdande arbetsrelaterade värderingar hos generation Y. Urvalet bestod av tio yrkesverksamma respondenter födda mellan 1984 – 1994 utvalda via bekvämlighetsurval. En kvalitativ design tillämpades med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Insamlade data analyserades genom tematisk analys och författarna fann tre huvudteman som kan förklara värderingar hos generation Y: arbetets centralitet, sociala värderingar och kommunikation samt motivation. Framträdande arbetsvärderingar för respondenterna var balans i livet, utvecklingsmöjligheter och möjligheten att skräddarsy sitt arbete. / The purpose of this study was to investigate prominent work values of generation Y. Ten working respondents born between 1984 – 1994 participated by convenience sampling. A qualitative research design was used together with semi structured interviews. Collected data were analysed with thematic analysis and the authors found three main themes that could explain values within generation Y: work centrality, social values and communication and motivation. Prominent work values for respondents consisted of: work life balance, development opportunities, and the ability to customize their work.

Cette thèse consiste à étudier le motif de la lumière dans l’œuvre poétique de Verlaine. La notion de motif dans la perspective thématique que nous avons adoptée et qui est définie principalement par Jean-Pierre Richard dans L’univers imaginaire de Mallarmé et dans Microlectures s’étend à un ensemble de termes qui, de par leur sens et leur référence, entretiennent entre eux des rapports variés et assurent à une œuvre sa cohésion. Ces termes, tout en renvoyant à une même notion, en l’occurrence la lumière, se métamorphosent au fil du texte et apparaissent sous des formes variées. Nous nous sommes fixés pour objectif de les repérer et d’étudier leur variation et leurs fonctions. Le poète adopte face à la réalité une attitude négative se caractérisant par le repliement sur soi et l’abandon. L’espace chez lui qu’il soit ouvert ou fermé est oppressant et le temps, associé souvent au passé, est synonyme de perte et de déception. De nombreux poèmes, surtout au début de l’œuvre, reflètent cette impression d’inertie et de défaillance. Mais malgré la forte présence lyrique, l’expression toujours suggestive ne se laisse pas dominer par le discours. A cette négativité, le poète associe la noirceur. Toutes les lumières dans ces poèmes sont sombres ou faibles. Les occurrences qui relèvent de cette tonalité sont de loin les plus nombreuses. Leur mise en œuvre et leur fréquence témoigne de l’importance que Verlaine accorde à l’esthétique. Mais le lyrisme de Verlaine est aussi celui de la célébration. La plus grande partie de son œuvre est composée de portraits et d’autoportraits. Dans cet ensemble où sont célébrés Dieu, les héros, les femmes, etc. Verlaine choisit l’envers de la discrétion. Il emploie des procédés qui favorisent l’exagération. Les portraits idéalisés sont sa manière de manifester sa quête d’altérité. L’expression exagérée caractéristique de ces poèmes engage des lumières fortes, lumineuses, blanches…Mais dans un certain nombre de poèmes, Verlaine rompt entièrement avec tout héritage poétique et a écrit une poésie qui tente de saisir la réalité dans sa fuite et dans sa métamorphose. Il adopte une voie intermédiaire qui soumet le langage aux exigences de l’artiste. Certaines lumières elles-mêmes changeantes et indéterminées peuvent en effet répondre à ce besoin. Ce besoin d’interroger le langage est en réalité commun aux poètes de la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle. L’époque se caractérise par une évolution des goûts et des idées, mais aussi par un sentiment d’inquiétude face à la modernité naissante. Cette évolution et ce malaise sont perceptibles chez Verlaine. Celui-ci atteste de sa modernité en plaçant son art sur la frontière de ce qui est dit et de ce qui est tout simplement suggéré. L’existence de cet art dépend en fait de la complicité qui s’instaure par-delà les mots entre le poète et le lecteur. Si Verlaine semble gagner le pari d’une réception large, c’est grâce à cette poétique de l’indétermination et de la suggestion. / This thesis consists in studying the motif of the light in the poetry of Verlaine. The concept of motif in the thematic approach we have adopted and which is defined principally by Jean-Pierre Richard in L’univers imaginaire de Mallarmé and in Microlectures extends to a set of terms which, by their sense and reference, have various connections between them and ensure the work cohesion. These terms, while referring to a same notion, in this case the light, are transformed in the text and appear under various forms. We have set as a target to identify them and to study their changes and their functions.In the face of the reality, the poet adopts a negative attitude characterized by self-absorption and abandonment. The space that is open or closed is oppressive and the time, often associated with the past, means loss and disappointment. Many poems, especially at the beginning of the work, reflect this sense of inertia and failure. But despite the strong lyrical presence, the constantly suggestive expression cannot be dominated by the speech. The poet combines the dark with this abandonment. All the lights in these poems are dark and low. Occurrences that are related to this tone are by far the most numerous. Their use and their frequency reflect the importance that Verlaine attaches to the forms.But the lyricism of Verlaine is also the lyricism of celebration. The major part of his work is composed of portraits and self-portraits. In this set where God, heroes, women… are celebrated, Verlaine chooses the explicit expression. He uses processes that support the exaggeration. The idealized portraits are his way of showing his quest for otherness. The expression in these poems involves bright, shining and white lights.But in some poems, Verlaine breaks completely with poetic legacy and wrote a poetry that attempts to grasp the reality in its movement and its metamorphosis. He adopts a middle way that meets the needs of the artist. Some lights, themselves unstable and indeterminate, can meet this need. The need of asking language is in fact common to the poets of the second half of the nineteenth century. The era is characterized by changing tastes and ideas, but also by a concern about the emerging modernity. This development and this discomfort can be perceived in the poetry of Verlaine. The Verlaine modernity appears between what is said and what is just suggested.In fact, the existence of this art depends on the complicity that exists beyond the words between the poet and the reader. Verlaine seems to meet the challenge of a large reception thanks to the poetics of indeterminacy and suggestion.

The aim of the present master thesis was to explore which experiences members at a Swedish clubhouse for psychosocial rehabilitation describe as important in their recovery process and for their (re)entrance in the labor market, and more specifically if and how they consider the clubhouse helpful in this process. With an inductive approach, six qualitative interviews with clubhouse members who had moved on from the clubhouse to employment in the labor market were carried out and analyzed through thematic analysis. The interviewees described helpful aspects of the clubhouse within five themes: A place to go to, Something sensible to do, Community and friendship, To recapture one's identity, and Moves on (but stays a member). These five themes illustrate different aspects of the overarching theme Individuality through community. The way the clubhouse was described as helpful in the interviews was further discussed in relation to common factors within all helpful interventions, Frank and Frank’s concept of demoralization, and the reconstruction of the sense of self according to Davidson and Strauss. In the present study, the clubhouse is described as a place where recovery from psychiatric problems can be supported.

The starting point of this study is language and narration. The aim is to examine how educators reason by the choice of literature to work with in preschool. In my study I have examined how educators reason for the selection of books for preschool, which factors in the book affects the choice and the children’s influence. The empirical material is based on two focus groups. The participating educators in the examination discussed the subject together. By using three chosen books the educators in my study have reasoned around how the choice of books is done in preschool, what in the book is meaningful by the choice and the influence of the children. The result of the study shows that the educators reason towards a thematic aim by choice of books to work with in preschool. It also shows that the pictures are a central part for the children’s understanding of the book and also that the library is of great importance for the selection of litterateur for preschool. / Utgångspunkten för denna studie är temat språk och berättande. Syftet är att undersöka hur pedagoger resonerar vid val av litteratur att jobba med i förskolan. I min studie har jag undersökt hur pedagoger resonerar vid urval av böcker till förskolan, vilka faktorer i boken som påverkar valet och vilken påverkan barnen har. Det empiriska materialet bygger på två fokusgrupper. Pedagogerna som deltog i undersökningen diskuterade ämnet med varandra. Med hjälp av tre utvalda böcker har pedagogerna i min studie resonerat kring hur urval av böcker sker i förskolan, vad i boken är betydelsefullt vid valet samt barnens påverkan. Resultatet av studien visar att pedagogerna resonerar mot ett tematiskt mål vid val av böcker att arbeta med i förskolan. Det visar också att bilderna är en central del för barnens förståelse av boken samt att biblioteket har en stor betydelse för förskolans urval av litteratur.