Making up one quarter of the current United States population, some 80 million Generation Y-ers are changing the ways in which we live, work and play. Dubbed “Millennials” this population is comprised of those individuals born between 1980 and 2000. This generation is the first to have been raised with cell phones, the internet, and reality television. The “Selfie” or “Me Generation” is snubbed for narcissism and an instant gratification attitude. Yet on the whole Millennials have progressive values, are well educated, are conscious of their health and are optimistic about the future despite coming of age during the Great Recession. Millennials are also the most diverse, most informed and most well connected generation the United States has ever seen.They are supporters of the locavore movement and conscious of the environment. Their habits and tastes - constant Facebook status updates and Instagram posts - are much more communal in nature than narcissistic, the highest value of which is not “self-promotion, but it’s opposite, empathy -- an open-minded and hearted connection to others.” In this way Millennials are using social media and technology to build community in a new way - virtually. Before there was Facebook or Instagram, people found community in “third places” - social places independent of work or home in which to fraternize and build relationships. In his book, The Great Good Place, Ray Oldenburg examines the difference between the sociological functions of first place (the home), second place (the workplace) and third place. Third place can be described as the social place, a place independent of the home and workplace in which to fraternize and build community. Oldenburg argued that these places are in general decline, and more recent articles have noted that those brick and mortar third places are now being “hollowed out” by “cyber nomads”, those people in coffee shops and bookstores listening to headphones, typing away on a computer or talking on the phone. James Katz of Rutgers argues that these “physically inhabited by psychologically evacuated” places leave people feeling “more isolated than they would if the cafe were empty.” How do designers create spaces that support Millennials empathetic desire connection, that encourage interaction and that overcome the obstacle of becoming "psychologically evacuated" places?

Der Artikel untersucht einen Werbespot von David Lynch für die Playstation 2 und ordnet ihn in das Universum der Lynch’schen Texte, das Lynchville, ein. Zunächst werden dazu einige regelmäßig wiederkehrende Motive aus dem Werk Lynchs vorgestellt. Es folgt eine eingehende Analyse des Werbespots, in der zahlreiche Parallelen zu den bekannten Filmen des Œuvres aufgezeigt werden. Abschließend wird kurz der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern der Begriff „auteur“ in dieser wohl kommerziellsten aller filmischen Ausdrucksformen überhaupt anwendbar ist. Der Artikel kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass es Lynch in diesem Werbespot gelingt, eine persönliche Visiondurchscheinen zu lassen – und dass die Karte des Lynchville deshalb um einen neuen Ort ergänzt werden muss. / The article analyzes a television-commercial, which David Lynch shot for the launch of Playstation 2. It tries to introduce that commercial into the universe of well known Lynch-Movies, the Lynchville. At first, some of the recurrent motives in Lynch’s work will be discussed. Then the commercial will be analyzed, especially regarding any parallels to Lynch’s Œuvre. Finally, the question will shortly be discussed whether in this most commercial form of filmmaking the term “auteur” can still apply. The article comes to the conclusion, that Lynch succeeds in maintaining his personal vision – and that therefore the map of Lynchville has to be expanded.

When one researches the city, the neighborhood appears as an indispensable building block. Kevin Lynch, In The Image of a City, suggests that neighborhoods are "the basic element of the city" and the main way "most people structure their city". Furthering the idea of the neighborhood as a building block of the city, Sidney Brower discusses the need for different types of neighborhoods to allow for a diverse social setting to create diversity in the city. The research put forward by Lynch and Brower shows the idea of the neighborhood as a strong concept in older cities. However, the concept of the neighborhood has become less apparent in the modern cities and should be revisited in order for the neighborhood to once again be a substantial entity in the city. In The Great Good Place, Ray Oldenburg discusses the idea of three realms of life and the balance needed to live a fulfilling life. The first realm centers on the domestic, the second on the productive, and most significantly, the third realm centers on the social aspect. In modern neighborhoods, the idea and the architecture that make the social realm has been lost and must be reintroduced. The significance of reintroducing the third realm is the creation of a strong socially defined neighborhood and one that becomes a more identifiable part of the city. With the concept of the third realm in mind, this thesis posits the introduction of a fully integral layer of social programming that responds to a specific neighborhood condition. This way of conceiving the neighborhood and building upon the existing Main Street, the third realm will serve to facilitate a greater sense of neighborhood place.

This project centers on an office environment and the physical and psychological well-being of the people who work within it. Located at 525 Beresford Avenue in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the Churchill Park United Church was converted to serve as an office space for a hypothetical publishing firm, Choice Publications. With recent knowledge concerning the health and well-being of employees, the design of workplaces has shifted to comprise a human-centered approach. The purpose of this practicum project was to investigate the evolving nature of the office and to determine its role regarding the identity, well-being, and behavior of individuals in order to better accommodate their needs. Central to the exploration is the study of environmental psychology theories and the introvert-extrovert dichotomy. Research into third place theory and the significance of home act as the primary lenses to evolve conventional office design into a hybrid of new typologies. / October 2015

In our digitalized world, there are ongoing discussions about the public library as a physical place and if it still has a role in our society. Even though many public libraries in Sweden and other western countries are being closed because of political and economic cuts, people still visit the public library. This gives an indication that the library is important not only as a place to borrow books, but as a physical place. This study will try to find answers to how the library space is being used by the visitors by examining when people come to the library, what people do in the library and who these people are. To find answers to these questions, empirical data based upon observations of the library space has been collected. The method of observation used was the TTTmethod (Track the Traffic) developed by the Norwegian scientist Tord Høivik. The TTT-method is a simple method to observe how the different spaces of the library are being used by walking through all the spaces in the library whilst observing what activities are being done. This is repeated at certain times during the library’s opening hours and over a certain period. In this study, the observations were done in three different time-intervals during the day (morning, daytime and evening), over a twoweek period and resulted in 779 registered observations. These data will be analysed in relation to the four space-model developed by the Danish scientist Dorte Skot-Hansen. The model specifies four overall goals of the public library which are experience, involvement, empowerment and innovation and the different possibilities, described in the model as spaces, that the library can offer to fulfil these goals. These four spaces are inspiration, learning, meeting and performative space. In this study, the space that is mostly used, is knowledge, but in the daytime and the evening, the meeting space is also often used. The activities registered are mostly done by adult people. Children and young people are not often observed in the library-space, which gives an indication that this group, which is a priority in the Swedish library act, is not being attended to as it should be according to this. It is also a quite interesting result that activities done by young people often are activities done in a group of people.

Le développement des tiers-lieux de travail sous la forme de télécentres depuis 2005 interroge les effets des politiques publiques en matière de TIC et de télétravail sur les territoires ruraux français. La thèse analyse ces dispositifs publics en interaction avec leurs dynamiques territoriales d’ancrages et leurs effets en matière de différenciation spatiale et de mobilités. Deux axes de recherche sont ainsi développés : d’une part, l’influence de la gouvernance d’un dispositif public multiniveau sur la structuration de l’offre et les usages les non-usages des télécentres en lien avec les stratégies des utilisateurs potentiels, d’autre part. Ils renvoient tous deux à une problématique méthodologique commune, à savoir la prise en compte des interactions entre un « dispositif socio-technique » centré sur les TIC et sa dynamique territoriale d’ancrage. L’approche systémique est mobilisée dans le but d’appréhender la complexité du phénomène via l’analyse des stratégies d’acteurs et l’imbrication de leurs actions à différentes échelles spatiales. La méthodologie développée combine des entretiens semi-directifs auprès des acteurs de l’offre, comportant des questions fermées sur les caractéristiques techniques des dispositifs, des enquêtes en ligne et des entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’utilisateurs potentiels, et l’étude de données sur les caractéristiques du terrain d’expérimentation : le Cantal, à savoir un territoire rural et semi-montagneux du Massif central, et son réseau de dix télécentres. Les résultats révèlent une gouvernance multiniveau de l’offre qui produit deux modèles de dispositifs en lien avec le positionnement stratégique des acteurs locaux, et des usages et des non-usages liés aux stratégies des utilisateurs potentiels. Les effets induits, attendus ou imprévus par les politiques publiques sont dépendants de certaines conditions liées à l’offre, aux usages, à la dynamique du type de territoire considéré, mais aussi à des facteurs exogènes au système spatial. À partir de ces analyses, des préconisations sont émises à destination des acteurs publics. / The development of third-place in the form of telework centres since 2005 questions the effects of public policies of ICTs and telework on French rural areas. The thesis analyzes these public systems interacting with their territorial dynamics of anchors and their effects on spatial differentiation and mobility. Two research focus are developed: first, the influence of the governance of a multilevel public system on the structuring of the supply and, then, uses and non-use of telework centres related to the strategies of potential users. They both refer to a common methodological problem, i.e. taking into account the interactions between a "socio-technical system" centered on ICTs and its territorial dynamic positioning. The systemic approach is mobilized in order to understand the complexity of the phenomenon by analyzing the players' strategies and overlapping of their actions at different spatial scales. The developed methodology combines semi-structured interviews with actors of the offer and online survey and semi-structured interviews with potential users, and study data on the characteristics of the testing ground: Cantal, in this case a rural area and semi-mountainous, Massif Central, and its network of ten telework centres. The results reveal a multi-level governance of the offer which produces two models of systems related to the strategic positioning of local actors, and uses and non-uses related to potential users strategies. Induced, anticipated or unanticipated effects by public policies are dependent on certain conditions relating to the offer, practices, to the dynamics of territory in type but also to exogenous factors to the space system. From these analyzes, recommendations are issued to public actors.

There has been much enthusiasm over the power of online brand communities (OBCs). Ensuring that OBCs achieve their potential, however, is a challenge. Adopting the view that an OBC is a social entity at its core, this study examines consumers’ perceptions of OBCs and how consumers manage the continuous tension between social-related and brand-related aspects of OBCs through brand-related and non-brand-related social practices. The researcher took a symbolic interactionist approach and qualitative data were collected using ethnography and in-depth interviews from OBC participants in South Korea. The study was divided into two phases: the exploratory phase and the main study. In the first stage the researcher inspected OBCs and focused on understanding the social context by investigating four OBCs in the fashion and digital camera categories. Evidence of an OBC as a virtual third place (VTP) in the consumer’s mind was revealed. A typology was developed and social practices were revealed and defined. In the main study the researcher developed the framework of brand meaning negotiation and revealed how consumers symbolically interact and negotiate brand meaning through social practices. The tension between social-related and the brand-related aspects during this process was illustrated. The key contributions of this research are as follows. Firstly, the study reveals that an OBC has a strong VTP quality, whereby consumers hate to leave. Second, the study extends our understanding of an OBC by categorising consumers’ different perceptions of OBCs according to their attachment to the brand, the OBC and other participants. Third, the study reveals underlying social practices within OBCs that show the characteristics of a collectivistic culture. The study also fills the research gap by examining the brand meaning negotiation process and suggesting a framework that shows how underlying practices link brand and social-related aspects of an OBC together, which was formerly a “black box”. Lastly, it demonstrates that social bonds, regardless of their importance for making an OBC thrive, can be a double-edged sword and should be balanced carefully with brand-related practice.

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This project originated from the question of “whatis the intersection between architecture andmobility in the future urban landscape? ”Mobility and architecture are two seperate fieldscontinously evolving in parallel, yet they exist ina very symbiotic relationship with one another. Mobility influences urban planning and urbanplanning influences mobility. So to understand the future of mobility, it isessential that we try to understand the future ofthe context mobility will reside in. Globally our cities are growing, the density keepsincreasing and people’s living space is becomingsmaller. To sustain the ongoing growth citieswill have to expand by focusing on dynamicarchitecture, such as pre-fabricated homes thatare smaller and quicker to set up. The aim of this project is to rethink what mobilityand especially the car as we know today can provideto us besides transportation. In recent years newtechnologies and developments have proved thatfuture of the car will go beyond explusively beinga means of transport, but also a mobile space fornew experiences and use cases. The image of thecar as we know could be redrawn.This project takes its foundation in the futureurban landscape of Copenhagen. Although afictional setting, the context is build on researchand masterplans for Copenhagen and other citiescarried out by several architecture firms. Amongthem noticeably JAJA Architects’ masterplanwhich reimagines the old “five-finger-plan” forCopenhagen where a more democratic and slowertraffic structure is implemented. Copenhagen-based studio SPACE10’s “Spaces on Wheels”and Toyota and BIG’s “Woven City” also servedas a benchmark in regards to how vehicles willbecome moving spaces as an extentions of thecity architecture.The process for the development of the projectincluded research into emerging technologieswithin mobility, a look into the future urban setting,and the complexities of living there as a youngfamily. Site visits and talks with young parents gaveinsights into the home space and the experiencesthat goes on in there.The design exploration was carried out throughanalogue and digital sketching, technicalpackaging and feasibility studies as well asscenario-mapping and brainstorm sessions. The project was strongly inspired by NIO’sdesign language and principles of Pure, Human,Progressive and Sophisticated. Also Scandinaviandesign played an important role in the designfunctionality and aesthetic. The result is NIO Homi, a fully autonomous smallfootprint car that works as an extension to thehome by providing the family with a space forwork, play and relaxation as well as a means oftransportation.

Alltmer tid spenderas i våra närmiljöer samtidigt som den sociala isoleringen ökar i samhället, och det har negativa effekter på hälsan. Närmiljön har därför stor inverkan på vår livsmiljö, där gestaltningen blir avgörande för att främja ett levande stadsrum. Denna studie undersöker det levande stadsrummet genom en fallstudie på Ebbepark i Linköpings kommun och med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer och dokumentanalyser. Resultatet visar att byggherrarna har en hög ambitionsnivå vad gäller gestaltningen där kommunen har ett övergripande ansvar att se till kommunens helhetsbehov. Slutsatsen som dras är att den höga ambitionen inte kunnat realiseras. Det kan förklaras av ekonomiska intressen samt bristande regleringar. Regleringarna kan komma att bli striktare för att säkerställa goda livsmiljöer. / The citizens are spending more time in our local environment meanwhile social isolation increases in our society which has a negative impact on our well-beeing. The local environment therefore has a major impact on the living environment, where the urban form becomes decisive in promoting a living urban space. The study examines the concept of life between buildings in a case study of Ebbepark, in the municipality Linköping, using qualitative interviews and document analysis. The result indicates that the developers have a high ambition in the urban form and where the municipality has a comprehensive responsibility to accommodate the society's needs. The conclusion is that the high ambition could not be executed. The explanation of this can be, financial interests and absences of regulations, which may become stricter to ensure quality living environments.