O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a contribuição do pensamento de Kabengele Munanga para o ideário pedagógico brasileiro, tendo como base epistemológica a arquetipologia do imaginário de Gilbert Durand e sua heurística mitodológica, a qual engloba a mitocrítica e a mitanálise. A pesquisa indicou que o mitema, fio condutor presente em toda obra de Munanga, é o ser, ou seja, é a questão da identidade e o processo de interação dialógica entre o eu e o outro, compreendido como uma relação de responsabilidade, de compromisso interacional e de complementaridade. Essa identidade é marcada pela cor da pele, pela cultura e/ou pela produção cultural do negro, por sua contribuição histórica na sociedade brasileira e na construção da economia do país, bem como pela recuperação de sua história africana, de sua visão do mundo, de sua religião. Somente na relação dialogal da palavra, da oralidade, pode-se reconhecer o eu da pessoa humana como ser existente em sua dimensão interpessoal, já que, ao expressar-se por meio da palavra, a pessoa sai de si, não para perder-se no tu, mas para se re-encontrar, plenificado na mesma palavra. Esta abertura constitui a direção e a orientação no processo de realização da pessoa. Por meio do conhecimento de sua ancestralidade, o a pessoa humana vê-se frente ao problema das representações. Ao decifrar o mundo, o ser humano coloca-se diante de enigmas que são símbolos do mistério. Nessa medida, toda a obra de Munanga está atravessada por um genial imperativo: a recuperação da situação do homem primordial. Dessa perspectiva, a educação centra-se na necessidade de o homem retornar periodicamente ao arquétipo, aos estados puros, aos princípios, tendo como mediadores os símbolos, as imagens, as narrativas de sua ancestralidade. Por conseguinte, a educação é vista como mediadora do universo, não apenas na dimensão intelectual, mas também e objetivamente, na relação de responsabilidade recíproca, capaz de salvaguardar, não apenas as individualidades enquanto sustentáculos da relação, mas também a realização da própria realidade vital como relação. A obra de Munanga abre um caminho muito interessante e pertinente, sobretudo pelo seu caráter complementário, hermesiano, ou seja, de mediação entre o plano explicativo e o compreensivo, processo este que se expressa no desenvolvimento de sua obra, o que permite entender a contribuição das africanidades para a cultura brasileira, tal como vem sendo abordada por vários pesquisadores, africanidades estas que têm em Munanga um de seus principais porta-vozes, com inúmeras contribuições relevantes para a educação brasileira. / This thesis analyzes the contribution of Kabengele Munanga to pedagogical ideas produced in Brazil, having, as epistemologic basis, the archetypology of Gilbert Durand´s imaginary and his mythodologic heuristic, myth-critic and myth-analysis. My research shows that the mytheme - a guiding principle which is present in all of Munanga´s work - is a notion of being, in which self identity emerges from a dialogic interaction between the self and the other and is informed by an emphasis on responsibility, interactional commitment, and complementarity. Such identity formation is marked by skin color and the cultural production of black people. It is also marked by the historical and economic contribution of black people to Brazilian society. Likewise, identity is marked also by the restoration of African history, cosmology, and religion. In fact, only within the dialogical relation of word and orality, can one recognize the self of a human being as aware that her existence is measured by interpersonal interaction. Indeed, when expressing through the word, a human being comes out of her/himself not to become another self (he/she), but to find her/himself in fullness through the effecti of sama word. Such an opening represents the direction and orientation of the process of realization of a being. Through the acquisition of knowledge about oness ancestrality, a person sees her or himself facing the problem of representations. When deciphering the world, one places her or himself through enigmas, which are symbols of mystery. Munanga´s work is informed by a commitment to the resurgence of a primordial ancestral being. According to this perspective, education focuses on the necessity of periodically returning, to the archetype, to a purer state of existence, and to principles mediated by the symbols, the images, and the narratives of her/his ancestrality. Therefore, education is seen as the mediator of this world, not only in an intellectual sense, but also in a social and subjective sense in which interaction among individuals and their environment are central. Munanga´s work opens important and strategic venues, particularly with respect to it emphasis on the Hermesian complementary character of mediation between the level of rationality and the level of understanding. That process expresses itself in the foundations of Munanga´s scholarship, and therefore allows for an understanding of the role of African cosmology to Brazilian culture. According to approaches proposed by several researchers, those Africanities have in Munanga one of their main spokesperson, who has brought countless relevant contributions to Brazilian education.

Com o intuito de contribuir para os estudos sobre a história do pensamento geográfico no Brasil, este trabalho apresenta a análise da produção científica de Orlando Valverde (1917-2006), primeiro geógrafo contratado pelo CNG (Conselho Nacional de Geografia) em 1937, no Rio de Janeiro. Particularmente dedicado à análise de seus escritos elaborados entre 1942 a 1964, busca compreendê-los baseando-se em quatro eixos bibliográficos complementares e essenciais, ou seja, sócio-político, institucional (CNG/IBGE) e intelectual e, quando demonstrou-se salutar para depreender o posicionamento político-ideológico do autor, metodológico. Entre os resultados obtidos, defende-se que o discurso geográfico valverdiano apresenta influências significativas das políticas lideradas por Getúlio Vargas durante o Estado Novo (1937-1945) relativas aos temários colonização, povoamento e agricultura. Ademais, tanto no que tange à eleição de temas quanto na forma de tratamento, demonstra-se como a produção científica do geógrafo manteve estreitas relações com o pensamento nacional-desenvolvimentista gestado mais pronunciadamente a partir do segundo governo de Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954) e como nela encontram-se certas reservas políticas do geógrafo com relação ao tratamento dedicado à questão agrária durante o governo de Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1961). A compreensão desses aspectos foi efetuada partindo-se dos próprios escritos do autor e, por intermédio das evidências neles coletadas, a pesquisa as comparou e interpretou mediante os elementos de conjuntura circundantes à sua produção. / In order to contribute to geographical thought in Brazil the aim of this work is to assess the scientific production of Orlando Valverde, the first geographer hired by CNG (National Council of Geography) on 1937, in Rio de Janeiro. Particularly dedicated to the analyzes of his paper\'s written from 1942 to 1964, this assessesments takes four forms: social-politics, institutional, intelectual and methodological (on the bases of author?s politic-ideologic position). We realized that Valverde geographic discourse represents significative influence of Getúlio Vargas politics on the New State regarding colonization, settlement and agriculture. Furthermore, not only the election of subjects but also the way of treatment shows that the geograper\'s scientific production was closely tied to national developmental thoughts mainly after Getúlio Vargas second government (1951-1954). The geographer presents also some political critics regarding to the agrarian issue Juscelino Kubitschek\'s (1956-1961) government (1956-1961). The comparative and interpretative analysis was done considering the context of the geographer production.

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Neste trabalho, após analisar a prática pedagógica deste pesquisador relativa ao conceito dos números inteiros, identificamos as dificuldades para explicá-lo aos alunos da Educação Básica, que resultou no seguinte problema de pesquisa: Quais elementos devem conter uma atividade para o ensino dos números inteiros de modo a propiciar uma melhor aprendizagem para os alunos? Esta pesquisa tem um aspecto qualitativo (BOGDAN E BIKLEN, 1994) e outro documental (PÁDUA, 1997). Com Tardif (2002) e Cardoso (2012) buscamos entender os elementos sobre os saberes docentes e a relação com a formação profissional de professores e, em Shulman (2014) a análise das bases do conhecimento, essenciais para nos fundamentarmos no exercício da docência. Procuramos os elementos textuais necessários ao desenvolvimento das ideias iniciais, analisando documentos oficiais que nos guiaram à história dos números inteiros como um elemento facilitador da aprendizagem. Consequentemente, nos baseamos na necessidade de sobrevivência do comerciante indicado por Crosby (1999) para inserirmos esse contexto na matemática escolar, acreditando que ele possibilita um pensamento fora das estruturas matemáticas. Nessa pesquisa, os elementos textuais sobre o ensino dos números inteiros na Educação Básica, indicados por LIMA E MOISÉS (1998), alicerçam o pensamento com contrários e aproximam-se das situações do comerciante medieval de Crosby (1999). Finalmente, formulamos e apresentamos atividades para o ensino da matemática escolar que forneceram elementos textuais sobre o ensino do conceito dos números inteiros para alunos do Ensino Fundamental. Essas atividades visam facilitar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e reduzir as dificuldades dos alunos na área numérica. / In this dissertation, after analyzing the pedagogical practice of this researcher on concept of integers, we identify the difficulties to explain it to the students of Basic Education, which resulted in the following research problem: What elements should an activity contain for the teaching of whole numbers in order to provide a better learning for the students? This research has a qualitative aspect (Bogdan and Biklen, 1994) and another documentary (Padua, 1997). With Tardif (2002) and Cardoso (2012) we seek to understand the elements about teacher knowledge and the relation with the professional formation of teachers, in Shulman (2014) the analysis of knowledge bases, essential to be based on the exercise of teaching. We searched for the textual elements necessary for the development of initial ideas, analyzing official documents that guided us to the history of integers as a facilitator of learning. Consequently, we rely on the merchant\'s need for survival as indicated by Crosby (1999) to insert this context into school mathematics, believing that it enables one thinking outside of mathematical structures. In this research, the textual elements on the teaching of integers in Basic Education, indicated by LIMA AND MOISÉS (1998) support the thinking with opposites and approach the situations of the medieval merchant of Crosby (1999). Finally, we formulate and present activities for the teaching of school mathematics that provided textual elements on the teaching of the concept of integers for elementary school students. These activities aim to facilitate the teaching-learning process and reduce students difficulties in the numerical area.

<p>This is an examinaton of welfare officers and patients experiences of a course in mindfulnessbased stressreduction in primary care. The authors used a qualitative method and a phenomenological hermeneutics scientific philosophical position. The analys of the data appeared by using three theoretical perspectives; cognitive, coping and Antonovskys Sence of Coherence. The purpose was to get a deeper understanding of what mindfulness is, how a course in mindfulnessbased stressreduction can be arranged and how it is comprehended by the welfare officers and previous participators of the course. To get an opinion of the issue the authors wanted to know the welfare officers intention of the course, to which patients they provide the course, what the participators thought about their situation before and after the attendence and if they had assimilated the knowledge and if so how it was applicable. The results indicated that the welfare officers and the patients intentions of the course where incoherent. The welfare officers intention was to teach the patients a way of manner to incorporate and to handle stress and other disabilities. The patients intention was to get strategies to manage their stress and chronic pain. Their most customary strategies was breathing and consideration of their thoughts.</p>

<p>Postmodernism and neo-liberalism is often thought of as two opposite conceptions of the reality and the world. This thesis takes on a critical view of this assertion and the main purpose was to perform a correlation between postmodernism and neo-liberalism. With different theoretical assumptions about constructions of thoughts, agency and structure and the welfare-state a theoretical framework was created. According to this framework the two isms were correlated to each other and the welfare-state to see if there where similarities or dissimilarities between the isms. The assumptions of this thesis are that there are correlations between postmodernism and neo-liberalism in the constructions of thoughts, namely similar view on epistemology. The two isms also show similarity between each other towards the foundations upon which the modern welfare-state rests. This is mainly manifested in their common view of the institutions of the welfare-state, which the isms both finds problematic. This results in a mutual problematic view on positive freedom, the foundation of legitimacy, the means and economic democracy as they are manifested in a given welfare-state. However, the motive for criticism rests mostly on different justifications for the two isms. Anyhow, their views share doubts about the legitimacy of the welfare-state in common. This even though postmodernism is partly a result of the welfare-politics. This thesis also shows why postmodernism and neo-liberalism at least in a theoretical perspective can not continue to develop side by side.</p>

<p>Huvudsyftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer som upplevs påverka skidskyttars koncentration positivt och negativt. Vidare undersöktes även...</p>

<h1>Abstract</h1><p>The work will give the picture of what four- and five-year-olds know about the water cycle in nature and in the society. Is there any difference depending on whether a boy or a girl is answering? The work will as well try to describe a picture of how a pre-school could plan their work on a sustainable society, science, and increased gender equality. To answer these questions the information has been received from interviews with children and by studying pre-school’s local plan. </p><p>   Earlier research on the area of water shows that it is important before working with a new topic to find out what knowledge the children already have, so that the process could be as worthwhile as possible. The proceeding work should be based on children’s previous knowledge of the topic.</p><p>   The research has been done on twelve four- and five-year-old children with the help of individual interviews. The result of the research shows that the children have some knowledge of the words which are important for understanding of the water cycle in nature, but they are not capable of talking about the entirety, as the complete cycle. The water cycle in the society is even more difficult for the children to describe, although there were some children who could explain the function of the water tower. The children do not even show the understanding or knowledge of the words which are included into the concept. The local plan gives a good picture of how the work could be planned in an appropriate way to increase the environmental awareness and equality.</p><p>   To sum up, this work will show a picture of what children know nowadays about the water cycle. Different answers can be received depending on the location of the pre-school. Identical background can lead to similar answers. <strong>If pre-schools have an opportunity to go to the forest often, the children then have the experience from there as well and answer more similar than if the</strong><strong> </strong><strong>opportunity doesn’t exist.</strong> The teacher shall help the children to explore there environment in as simple and interesting way. A well-planned local plan helps the pre-school become as good as possible. The children feel participating if they get attention and praise. </p><p>Key-words: The water cycle, Children's thoughts, Gender, Local plan.</p> / <p> Sammanfattning</p><p>Arbetet ger en bild av vad fyra och femåringar kan om vattnets kretslopp i naturen och i samhället. Är det någon skillnad i svar om det är en pojke eller en flicka som svarat? Det försöker även ge en bild av hur en förskola kan planera för ett hållbart samhälle, naturvetenskap, och ökad jämställdhet. Information för att få svar på dessa frågor har hämtats från barnintervjuer och studie av förskolans lokala verksamhetsplan.                                                                                     </p><p>   Tidigare forskning inom området vatten visar på att det är viktigt att man tar reda på vad barnen har för förkunskaper när ett nytt område startas för att det ska bli så bra som möjligt. Barnens förkunskaper ska vara en grund för det fortsatta arbetet.</p><p>   Studien har genomförts på tolv stycken barn i fyra- fem års åldern i enskilda intervjuer. Resultaten av undersökningen visar på att barnen har kunskap kring en del ord som är viktiga för att förstå vattnets kretslopp i naturen men de kan inte sätta ihop detta till en helhet, ett slutet kretslopp. Vattnets kretslopp i samhället är än svårare för barnen att kunna förklara även om det fanns barn som kunde redogöra för vattentornets funktion. Barnen har sämre förståelse och kunskap om vilka ord som berör vattnets kretslopp. Verksamhetsplanen ger en god bild av hur man kan planera sin verksamhet på ett bra sätt för ökad miljömedvetenhet och jämställdhet.¨</p><p>  Sammanfattningsvis ska detta arbete försöka spegla vad barn kan idag om vattnets kretslopp. Svaren kan skilja sig åt beroende på var någonstans förskolan är placerad. Lika förutsättningar kan leda till liknande svar. Om förskolor har möjlighet att gå till skogen ofta har barnen en erfarenhet därifrån och svarar då mer lika än om möjligheten inte finns. Pedagogen ska hjälpa barnen att kunna utforska sin omgivning på ett enkelt och roligt sätt. En bra och genomtänkt verksamhetsplan hjälper arbetet på förskolan att bli så bra som möjligt. Barnen känner sig delaktiga om de får uppmärksamhet och beröm.</p><p>Nyckelord: Vattnets kretslopp, Barns tankar, Genus, Verksamhetsplan.</p>

This is an examinaton of welfare officers and patients experiences of a course in mindfulnessbased stressreduction in primary care. The authors used a qualitative method and a phenomenological hermeneutics scientific philosophical position. The analys of the data appeared by using three theoretical perspectives; cognitive, coping and Antonovskys Sence of Coherence. The purpose was to get a deeper understanding of what mindfulness is, how a course in mindfulnessbased stressreduction can be arranged and how it is comprehended by the welfare officers and previous participators of the course. To get an opinion of the issue the authors wanted to know the welfare officers intention of the course, to which patients they provide the course, what the participators thought about their situation before and after the attendence and if they had assimilated the knowledge and if so how it was applicable. The results indicated that the welfare officers and the patients intentions of the course where incoherent. The welfare officers intention was to teach the patients a way of manner to incorporate and to handle stress and other disabilities. The patients intention was to get strategies to manage their stress and chronic pain. Their most customary strategies was breathing and consideration of their thoughts.

Postmodernism and neo-liberalism is often thought of as two opposite conceptions of the reality and the world. This thesis takes on a critical view of this assertion and the main purpose was to perform a correlation between postmodernism and neo-liberalism. With different theoretical assumptions about constructions of thoughts, agency and structure and the welfare-state a theoretical framework was created. According to this framework the two isms were correlated to each other and the welfare-state to see if there where similarities or dissimilarities between the isms. The assumptions of this thesis are that there are correlations between postmodernism and neo-liberalism in the constructions of thoughts, namely similar view on epistemology. The two isms also show similarity between each other towards the foundations upon which the modern welfare-state rests. This is mainly manifested in their common view of the institutions of the welfare-state, which the isms both finds problematic. This results in a mutual problematic view on positive freedom, the foundation of legitimacy, the means and economic democracy as they are manifested in a given welfare-state. However, the motive for criticism rests mostly on different justifications for the two isms. Anyhow, their views share doubts about the legitimacy of the welfare-state in common. This even though postmodernism is partly a result of the welfare-politics. This thesis also shows why postmodernism and neo-liberalism at least in a theoretical perspective can not continue to develop side by side.