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Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T17:36:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CELIO_ALBERTO_COLLE_COMPLETO.pdf: 2891878 bytes, checksum: 2178240e4b9cfedd3632461ea8c2352d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T17:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CELIO_ALBERTO_COLLE_COMPLETO.pdf: 2891878 bytes, checksum: 2178240e4b9cfedd3632461ea8c2352d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / The EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), created in the late 1950s, underwent several changes and incorporated environmental issues over time; it was eventually consolidated in the Agenda 2000. The EU has also made progress in defining agriculture; in addition to producing grains and meat, it also produces public goods, and such production is called multifunctional agriculture. Brazil has been showing signs that it intends to incorporate environmental conservation through production support policies, which is a similar path to that already covered by the EU. This direction for harmonization of agricultural and environmental policies is partly guided by global environmental measures. One of these agreements is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which sets targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture contributes with some of these emissions and, therefore, programs are being created to mitigate them. In this context, reduction programs and targets for the agricultural sector in Brazil and in the EU are in progress. Thus, the general objective of this thesis is to analyze the harmonization of policies and the complementarity between them by considering two distinct sets of public policies: PRONAF and the ABC Program, in Brazil; LEADER and the TFCs, for the EU. The methodology is guided by building two matrices of analysis: one has three dimensions (productive, environmental and sociocultural), with three parameters each, to verify the harmonization of each one of the policies; the second matrix (also with three parameters and three dimensions) was created to verify the complementarity between the policies, which were analyzed two by two. Based on the description resulting from the application of such matrices, a practical exercise is carried out with the four policies. The analyses indicate high harmonization between the dimensions for PRONAF, TFC and LEADER and low harmonization for the ABC Program. The latter?s low harmonization is due to the absence of relations between the parameters of the sociocultural dimension. By analyzing the complementarity, high complementarity between the TFCs and LEADER was evidenced, in which seven of the nine parameters occurred in both policies. By analyzing PRONAF with TFC and PRONAF with LEADER, medium harmonization was observed, with the occurrence of five parameters in both policies. On the other hand, all policies analyzed together with the ABC Program have resulted in low complementarity. This indicates the similarity between the ones with high and medium complementarity and the difference from the ABC Program, indicating that it was created to meet the National Program of Climate Change and that such measures have been little internalized in the other programs. The logic of the methodology proposed can be applied to the analysis and verification of other public policies from the definition of objectives, goals and results, for example. / A Pol?tica Agr?cola Comum (PAC) da UE, criada no final da d?cada de 1950, passou por v?rias transforma??es e incorporou quest?es ambientais ao longo do tempo, tendo sido consolidada na Agenda 2000. A UE tamb?m avan?ou na defini??o da agricultura, al?m de produzir gr?os, carnes, produz bens p?blicos, e tal produ??o ? denominada agricultura multifuncional. O Brasil vem dando sinais de que pretende incorporar a conserva??o ambiental atrav?s de pol?ticas de apoio ? produ??o, caminho semelhante ao j? percorrido pela UE. Esse direcionamento para uma harmoniza??o entre as pol?ticas agr?colas e ambientais, em parte, ? norteado por medidas ambientais globais. Entre esses acordos est? a Conven??o-Quadro das Na??es Unidas sobre Mudan?as Clim?ticas que estabelece metas de redu??es de emiss?es de gases causadores do efeito estufa. A agricultura contribui com parte dessas emiss?es e por isso, est?o sendo criados programas para mitig?-las. Neste contexto, est?o em curso programas e metas de redu??es para o setor agr?cola no Brasil e na UE. Assim, o objetivo geral da tese ? analisar a harmoniza??o das pol?ticas e a complementaridade entre elas tendo em vista dois conjuntos distintos de pol?ticas p?blicas: no Brasil, para o PRONAF e o Programa ABC; para a UE, o LEADER e os CTEs. A metodologia ? orientada pela constru??o de duas matrizes de an?lise: uma delas com tr?s dimens?es (produtiva, ambiental e sociocultural) e com tr?s par?metros cada, para verificar a harmoniza??o de cada uma das pol?ticas; a segunda matriz (tamb?m com tr?s par?metros e tr?s dimens?es) foi criada para verificar a complementaridade entre as pol?ticas, sendo analisadas duas a duas. Com base na descri??o resultante da aplica??o de tais matrizes, ? realizado um exerc?cio pr?tico com as quatro pol?ticas. As an?lises indicam alta harmoniza??o entre as dimens?es para o PRONAF, o CTE e o LEADER e baixa harmoniza??o para o Programa ABC. A baixa harmoniza??o deste ?ltimo ocorre pela aus?ncia de rela??es entre os par?metros da dimens?o sociocultural. Ao analisar a complementaridade, constata-se uma alta complementaridade entre os CTEs e o LEADER, onde sete dos nove par?metros ocorreram em ambas as pol?ticas. Ao analisar o PRONAF com o CTE e o PRONAF com o LEADER constatou-se uma harmoniza??o m?dia, com a ocorr?ncia de cinco par?metros em ambas as pol?ticas. Por outro lado, todas as pol?ticas analisadas junto com o Programa ABC resultaram em complementaridade baixa. Isso indica a semelhan?a entre aquelas com complementaridade alta e m?dia e uma diferencia??o em rela??o ao Programa ABC, indicando que esse foi criado para atender ao Programa Nacional de Mudan?as Clim?ticas e que essas medidas ainda foram pouco internalizadas nos demais programas. A l?gica da metodologia proposta pode ser aplicada para a an?lise e verifica??o de outras pol?ticas p?blicas a partir da defini??o de objetivos, metas e resultados, por exemplo.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T21:41:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioFelipeDePaulaJunior_TESE.pdf: 991187 bytes, checksum: b7541e9fbc06615f893960539658a6d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-24T23:51:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioFelipeDePaulaJunior_TESE.pdf: 991187 bytes, checksum: b7541e9fbc06615f893960539658a6d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-24T23:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioFelipeDePaulaJunior_TESE.pdf: 991187 bytes, checksum: b7541e9fbc06615f893960539658a6d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 / A produ??o de sal marinho no Rio Grande do Norte contribuiu significativamente para o desenvolvimento econ?mico e social do estado, por meio de gera??o de empregos, rendas e tributos pagos aos cofres p?blicos. Dependente de condi??es clim?ticas ideais, melhores desempenhos para essa atividade s?o observados em regi?es de latitudes baixas, caracterizadas por temperaturas elevadas e ventos constantes, al?m de baixo volume de precipita??o. Assim, sendo a produ??o de sal marinho dependente de condi??es clim?ticas, analisar, estatisticamente, as influ?ncias que o clima, suas variabilidades e mudan?as exercem sobre a produ??o desse mineral, foi o objetivo principal dessa tese. Para isso, a tese foi dividida em dois artigos. No artigo primeiro, o objetivo principal foi analisar a correla??o entre essas vari?veis clim?ticas e a produ??o de sal marinho, bem como estimar a intensidade com que varia o volume desse mineral em consequ?ncias de mudan?as clim?ticas, no munic?pio de Macau-RN. Os resultados mostraram correla??es positivas entre o volume produzido de sal marinho com a temperatura, horas de insola??o, evapora??o e velocidade do vento e, correla??es negativas com a precipita??o e umidade relativa. Em rela??o ?s mudan?as clim?ticas, constatou-se aumento no volume de sal marinho pelos quatro cen?rios de mudan?as clim?ticas previstas pelo IPCC no munic?pio de Macau-RN, sendo que o melhor cen?rio para a ind?stria de sal por evapora??o solar ? o RCP8.5. No artigo dois, o objetivo principal foi estimar o impacto econ?mico das mudan?as clim?ticas sobre a produ??o de sal marinho. Os resultados mostraram que as mudan?as clim?ticas poder?o impactar positivamente as receitas de vendas das ind?strias de sal marino no RN, em qualquer cen?rio de mudan?as clim?ticas, variando o aumento m?dio anual sobre essas receitas de vendas de 9,1227% pelo cen?rio RCP2.6 a 16,5350% pelo cen?rio RCP8.5, sendo poss?vel afirmar que as mudan?as clim?ticas projetadas pelo IPCC ir?o impactar positivamente a produ??o de sal marinho. / The production of sea salt in Rio Grande do Norte has contributed significantly to the social and economic development of the State, creating jobs, increasing incomes and adding to the public revenue through taxes. Climatic conditions that favor this activity are observed in regions of low latitude characterized by high temperatures and constant winds, as well as low precipitation. Thus, as the production of sea salt depends on climate conditions, the aim of this thesis is to analyze, statistically, how the influences of the climate variability and changes affect the production of this mineral. To this end, the thesis comprises two articles. In the first article, the main objective was to analyze the correlation between these climatic variables and the production of sea salt, as well as estimate the intensity with which the volume of this mineral varies as a result of climate change in the city of Macau, RN. The results show positive correlations between the volume of sea salt production and the temperature, hours of sunlight, evaporation and wind speed, and negative correlations with precipitation and relative humidity. In relation to climate changes, findings showed an increase in the volume of sea salt in four scenarios of climate change, which were presented by the IPCC, in the city of Macau, RN. Results showed that the best scenario for the salt industry proved to be solar evaporation at a rate of RCP8.5. In the second article, the main objective was to gauge the economic impact of climate change on sea salt production. The results showed that climate changes will generate a positive impact on the income from sales in the sea salt industry in RN, in all of the climate change scenarios. The average annual increase in income from sales in this industry is estimated at varying from 9.12% in scenario RCP2.6 to 16.53% in scenario RCP8.5, making it possible to affirm that the sea salt industry in RN will benefit from climate changes.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-26T20:11:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JosePedroDaSilvaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 4999960 bytes, checksum: 89c199d28b20eb7d3be4379152395dd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-29T20:43:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JosePedroDaSilvaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 4999960 bytes, checksum: 89c199d28b20eb7d3be4379152395dd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T20:43:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosePedroDaSilvaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 4999960 bytes, checksum: 89c199d28b20eb7d3be4379152395dd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um magnet?metro, em que toda a etapa de convers?o de sinais e aquisi??o de dados foi realizada por software, constitu?da unicamente de um sensor de fluxo saturado, comercial. O magnet?metro possui alta sensibilidade para medir campos magn?ticos de baixa intensidade, est?tico ou de pequenas varia??es. Esse tipo de sensor funciona a partir da satura??o de um material ferromagn?tico utilizado como n?cleo. Foram elaborados dois programas. O primeiro em linguagem Labview, esse faz a comunica??o entre o sensor e o usu?rio atrav?s de um computador, o aplicativo produzido ? respons?vel pela obten??o e armazenamento dos dados referentes ao sinal de sa?da do sensor. O segundo programa feito em linguagem Java ? incumbido pela convers?o dos dados para assim estud?-los, al?m de armazen?-los em v?rios formatos e construir gr?ficos. Os resultados obtidos s?o de grande import?ncia para estudos do comportamento do campo geomagn?tico, pois as varia??es de fluxo magn?tico podem induzir correntes el?tricas na superf?cie e assim afetar a distribui??o de energia el?trica e tamb?m os sistemas de telecomunica??es. Mostrou-se que ? poss?vel, com este magnet?metro, estudar as varia??es de campos em tempestades magn?ticas e em per?odos considerados calmos. / In this work has been developed a magnetometer, which every step of conversion of signs and data acquisition has been realized by software, constituted solely of a sensor flux saturated, commercial. The magnetometer has got high sensitivity for measure magnetics fields of low intensity, static or with a little variations. This kind of sensor behave with base in the saturation of a ferromagnetic material has been used how core. For improve the instrument, have been elaborated two programs. The first in Labview language, it does the communication between sensor and user through computer, the app produced is responsible for get and save the data relative to the sensor's output signal. The second program made in Java language is delegated for the conversion of data to study them, also save in various formats and plot graphics. The results are of great importance to study of behavior of the geomagnetic field, because the variations of magnetic flux will induce electrical currents in surface of earth, so affect the distribution of electric energy and the telecommunication Systems. Showed to be possible, with this magnetometer, to study the variations of fields in magnetic storms and in period considered calm.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-04T00:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NaurineteDeJesusDaCostaBarreto_TESE.pdf: 20476602 bytes, checksum: ddf29db5dc57738de84c8009f0e93e2b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-06T19:50:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NaurineteDeJesusDaCostaBarreto_TESE.pdf: 20476602 bytes, checksum: ddf29db5dc57738de84c8009f0e93e2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-06T19:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NaurineteDeJesusDaCostaBarreto_TESE.pdf: 20476602 bytes, checksum: ddf29db5dc57738de84c8009f0e93e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A variabilidade intrassazonal ? uma importante componente do sistema clim?tico da Terra, apresenta intera??o com diversos fen?menos meteorol?gicos, sendo um elo entre os sistemas de tempo e clima, tornando-se uma ferramenta essencial para previs?o e proje??o do clima. O objetivo principal deste trabalho ? avaliar o comportamento intrassazonal da precipita??o sobre o Brasil Tropical e poss?veis altera??es ocasionadas nos cen?rios de simula??o clim?tica: ?Historical? que representa o clima atual (1979 -2005) e ?RCP8.5? representando as proje??es de mudan?as clim?ticas com o aumento da for?ante radioativa da atmosf?rica em 8,5 W/m? para o per?odo de 2070 at? 2100. Entre os resultados obtidos est?o: na primeira etapa ? elabora??o de um ?ndice multivariado intrassazonal para o Brasil Tropical, por meio da aplica??o da an?lise de m?xima covari?ncia, associada ? proje??o dos modos dominantes em eixos ortogonais. Desta forma ? poss?vel caracterizar os padr?es resultantes em oitos fases, cujas composi??es representam a evolu??o da intrassazonalidade sobre a regi?o de estudo. Na segunda Etapa foi realizada uma avalia??o da sensibilidade dos modelos do ?Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5?(CMIP5) ? variabilidade semanal de precipita??o durante os meses de ver?o e outono austal, dos dezesseis modelos avaliados, observou-se que apenas seis foram capazes de representar de forma significativa o padr?o de precipita??o, e dentre estes o modelo MRI-CGCM3 foi o que obteve o melhor resultado. A terceira e ultima etapa consistiu na aplica??o da metodologia empregada na etapa 1 no modelo que melhor representou o padr?o de precipita??o, encontrado na Etapa 2, ou seja no MRI-CGCM3, num contexto geral notou-se que este modelo ? capaz de representar bem o padr?o de variabilidade espacial e ciclo evolutivo, entretanto do ponto de vista regional, ainda h? necessidade de melhorias na representatividade dos sistemas. / The intraseasonal variability is an important component of Earth?s climate system, shows interaction with various meteorological phenomena, being a link between weather and climate systems, making it an essential tool for forecasting and climate projection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the behavior of intraseasonal precipitation over Brazil Tropical and possible changes caused in climate simulation scenarios, Historical that represents the current climate (1979 -2005) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP8.5) representing projections of climate change with increasing radioactive forcing of air at 8.5W/m2 for the period 2070 to 2100. Among the results are: the ?rst step to the establishment of a intraseasonal multivariate index for Brazil Tropical, by applying the maximum covariance analysis, associated with the projection ofthedominantmodesinorthogonalaxes.Thusitispossibletocharacterizetheresulting patterns in eight phases, whose compositions represent the evolution of intrassazonalidade on the study region. In the second step was carried out an assessment of the sensitivity of the models Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) theweeklyvariabilityofrainfallduringthemonthsofsummerandfallAustal,thesixteen models evaluated, it was observed that only six were able to represent signi?cantly the pattern of rainfall, and of these MRI-CGCM3 model was the one that obtained the best result. The third and ?nal step was the application of the methodology used in step 1 in the model that best represented the rainfall pattern, found in Step 2, ie in MRI-CGCM3 in a general context it was noted that this model is able to represent well the pattern of spatial variability and evolutionary cycle, however the regional point of view, there is still need for improvement in the representation of systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:21:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 410372.pdf: 2383974 bytes, checksum: 57c3b66b0357215330edc65a2f65176e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-08 / Este trabalho visa investigar o Programa Bolsa Fam?lia (PBF) como pol?tica social p?blica de acesso aos direitos sociais e pesquisar quais os impactos desse programa na vida de quem o recebe. O PBF ? um programa de transfer?ncia direta de renda, criado pelo Governo Federal, destinado a fam?lias pobres. Para a concretiza??o desse estudo vamos, inicialmente, explicitar os conceitos de direitos sociais e pol?ticas sociais, fazendo um resgate hist?rico do surgimento de cada um deles e exemplificando-os com o caso espec?fico do PBF. Num segundo momento, apresentaremos as representa??es sociais do PBF para suas benefici?rias, a partir das informa??es coletadas atrav?s de entrevistas semi-dirigidas, realizadas com vinte mulheres favorecidas pelo programa. A import?ncia de entendermos o PBF como pol?tica social se volta para o reconhecimento das vantagens e contradi??es desse programa. J? as representa??es sociais nos possibilitam evidenciar os conhecimentos do senso comum e compreender os conhecimentos, id?ias e significados desse programa na vida de suas benefici?rias

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-24T04:12:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucicleide Araujo de Sousa Alves.pdf: 1242097 bytes, checksum: f321120845e75a40757d98e104127ad3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-04 / The issue in this academic research attempted to investigate the occurrence of didactic processes in the construction of knowledge in presence teaching and learning environments from Complexity and Transdisciplinarity. / O problema desta pesquisa acad??mica era investigar a ocorr??ncia de processos did??ticos de constru????o do conhecimento em ambientes presenciais de ensino e aprendizagem, a partir da complexidade e da transdisciplinaridade.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-02-16T15:39:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GilceliadePaulaSantosDissertacaoParcial2017.pdf: 1342828 bytes, checksum: 280d86560833a80e06f4a639d91b59e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-02-16T15:39:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GilceliadePaulaSantosDissertacaoParcial2017.pdf: 1342828 bytes, checksum: 280d86560833a80e06f4a639d91b59e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T15:39:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilceliadePaulaSantosDissertacaoParcial2017.pdf: 1342828 bytes, checksum: 280d86560833a80e06f4a639d91b59e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-29 / The present work consists of two essays and an experiment in which the behavior of the agents of the real estate market (Financial Institutions and alleged borrowers) is analyzed, using the Economic Analysis of Law combined with the Analytical-Behavioral Theory of Law. The objective of the work is to identify how these agents behave through the incentives granted by the Minha Casa, Minha Vida government program and the consequences of these behaviors in the real estate market. These studies are justified since the Federal Government has been working with the objective of reducing the country's housing deficit by means of actions to subsidize the acquisition of housing units for the lower income population, which are guided by a vast set of legal, Guiding the performance of individuals, builders and financial institutions, which ended up influencing the market, understood here as free interaction among the agents to perform barter trade. / O presente trabalho comp??e-se de dois estudos e um experimento, nos quais se analisa o comportamento dos agentes do mercado imobili??rio, institui????es financeiras e pretensos mutu??rios, utilizando-se a An??lise Econ??mica do Direito ??? AED. O objetivo dos trabalhos ?? identificar como comportam-se esses agentes mediante os incentivos concedidos pelo programa de governo Minha Casa Minha Vida e as consequ??ncias desses comportamentos no mercado imobili??rio. Estes estudos se justificam uma vez que o Governo Federal vem atuando com objetivo de reduzir o d??ficit habitacional do pa??s, por meio de a????es de subs??dios ?? aquisi????o de unidades habitacionais ?? popula????o de menor renda. Estas a????es s??o norteadas por um vasto conjunto de regras jur??dicas, guiando a atua????o de indiv??duos, construtoras e institui????es financeiras, que acabam por influenciar o mercado, aqui compreendido como intera????o livre entre os agentes para realiza????o de trocas por meio de barganha.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:36:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 461548.pdf: 554767 bytes, checksum: a8061ad380e2b55b475c03df57b4c518 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / Introduction : Obesity is a pandemic disease. Obesity grade II and III often needs invasive treatment such as bariatric surgery. In these patients, comorbidities are frequent, including the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver of nonalcoholic etiology in individuals without other chronic liver diseases. Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the properties of a group of anthropometric and laboratory tests according to the diagnosis of severe liver damage. Patients and Methods : We studied 845 patients with body mass index of 35 or more, with data from liver biopsy. We evaluated the properties (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR + and LR-) of anthropometric and laboratory, compared to the biopsy, for diagnosis of severe liver damage. The variable was dichotomized NAFLD in severe liver damage or not. Results : The prevalence of severe liver damage was 38.1% (95% CI 34.8 to 41.4). The average age of the individuals was 37.2 years and mean weight was 131.0 kg and prevalence of NAFLD was 53.3% higher in men (95% CI 47.0 to 59.7) than in women 32.1% (95% CI 28.3 to 36.9). Conclusions : Among the anthropometric variables studied, the waist / hip ratio (WHR) was the best variable to classify patients with and without severe liver damage, followed by the waist. Transaminases showed better performance than the anthropometric variables, TGP being the best, followed in order by AST and GGT. / Introdu??o : A obesidade ? hoje uma pandemia. A obesidade grau II e III, s?o graus avan?ados de obesidade, que necessitam muitas vezes de tratamento invasivo como a cirurgia bari?trica. Nestes pacientes, ? freq?ente a presen?a de comorbidades, entre elas a Doen?a Hep?tica Gordurosa N?o Alco?lica (DHGNA), caracterizada por infiltra??o gordurosa do f?gado de etiologia n?o alco?lica em indiv?duos sem outras hepatopatias cr?nicas. Objetivos : Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades de um grupo de testes antropom?tricos e laboratoriais em fun??o do diagnostico de dano hep?tico grave. Pacientes e M?todos : Foram estudados 845 pacientes com ?ndice de massa corporal de 35 ou mais, com dados de bi?psia hep?tica. Foram avaliadas as propriedades (sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo, likelihood ratio positivo e likelihood ratio negativo) de vari?veis antropom?tricas e laboratoriais comparadas com a bi?psia, para diagn?stico de dano hep?tico grave. A vari?vel DHGNA foi dicotomizada em dano hep?tico grave ou n?o. Resultados : A preval?ncia de dano hep?tico grave foi de 38,1% (IC95% 34,8 41,4). A m?dia de idade dos indiv?duos avaliados foi de 37,2 anos e a m?dia de peso foi de 131,0 Kg. A preval?ncia de DHGNA foi maior nos homens 53,3% (IC95% 47,0 59,7) do que nas mulheres 32,1% (IC95% 28,3 36,9) Conclus?es : Dentre as vari?veis antropom?tricas estudadas a raz?o cintura quadril (RCQ) foi a melhor vari?vel para classificar os pacientes com e sem dano hep?tico grave, seguida da cintura. As aminotransferase apresentaram melhor desempenho do que as antropom?tricas sendo a melhor a ALT seguida em ordem pela AST e a GGT.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:36:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 462236.pdf: 3208111 bytes, checksum: 69484472f85900f66d1630b3139c530d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / Prostate cancer is the most important urological tumor and the second most common in men. The incidence and mortality of this multifactorial disease are varied and take into account behavioral factors and genetic predisposition. The main predisposing factors are age, race and family history. Among the various histological subtypes, the acinar adenocarcinoma is the most common. The classification of this tumor, from transrectal ultrasonography and biopsy needle, is made for degrees of Gleason score and TNM classification that provides for tumor staging. The prostatic carcinoma has a propensity to metastasize and is regulated by various molecular signaling pathways through genes, proteins, enzymes, receptors and transcription factors. The RCC is the third most common urological tumor. The wide variation in incidence correlates with the geographical area. Risk factors can be various as smoking, genetic diseases and genetic alterations. The vast majority of cases occur in adults and in the renal parenchyma, and comprise five histological subtypes, the clear and sporadic cells being the most common. The histological differentiation is made by Fuhrman grade and staging by TNM classification. As the clinical manifestations are varied, most patients are diagnosed incidentally and by ultrasonography. The enzymes thymidine phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase 1 and 2 as well as the transcription factors PDEF and ETV4 are reported as components of pathways leading to tumorigenesis and / or metastasis. The objective of this work is to analyze these enzymes and transcription factors and their correlation with clinical and pathological variables in prostate and kidney cancers as well as in bening tissue, by RT-PCR in real time. In prostate cancer, the geometric mean of the relative expression of transcription factors PDEF and ETV were greater in the tumor than in the benign tissues These factors also had a significant correlation between them in tumor tissue and benign tissue. The geometric mean of relative expression of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase 1 strongly and significantly correlated between them in benign and in malignant prostate samples. The geometric mean of relative expression of thymidine phosphorylase also correlated moderately and significantly with the ETV4 in benign tissues. The geometric mean of relative expression of uridine phosphorylase in tumor T3 was significantly lower than in T1 and T2 prostate tumors. Kidney carcinoma TNM Classification strongly and significantly correlated with the relative expression of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase and negatively correlated very strong and significantly with the enzyme uridine phosphorylase. The relative expression of the transcription factor ETV4 correlated negatively and significantly stronger with the TNM classification, and correlated with strength and significance with the relative expression of uridine phosphorylase in tumor tissues of the kidney. / O c?ncer de pr?stata ? o mais importante tumor urol?gico e o segundo mais frequente no homem. As taxas de incid?ncia e de mortalidade desta doen?a multifatorial s?o muito variadas e leva em conta fatores comportamentais e pr?-disposi??o gen?tica. Os principais fatores predisponentes s?o idade avan?ada, ra?a e hist?ria familiar. Dentre os v?rios subtipos histol?gicos, o adenocarcinoma acinar ? o mais frequente. A classifica??o deste tumor, a partir da ultra-sonografia transretal com bi?psia por agulha, ? feita pelos graus de escore de Gleason e pela Classifica??o TNM que fornece o estadiamento do tumor. O carcinoma de pr?stata, al?m de ter grande propens?o em formar met?stases, ? regulado por v?rias vias moleculares de sinaliza??o por meio de genes, prote?nas, enzimas, receptores e fatores de transcri??o. O carcinoma de c?lulas renais ? o terceiro mais comum tumor urol?gico. A grande varia??o na taxa de incid?ncia se correlaciona com a ?rea geogr?fica. Os fatores de risco podem ser v?rios como tabagismo, doen?as gen?ticas e altera??es g?nicas. A grande maioria dos casos ocorre em adultos no par?nquima renal e, al?m de compreender cinco subtipos histol?gicos, o de c?lulas claras e espor?dico ? o mais frequente. A diferencia??o histol?gica ? feita pelo grau de Fuhrman e o estadiamento pela Classifica??o TNM. Como as manifesta??es cl?nicas s?o variadas, a maioria dos pacientes s?o diagnosticados incidentalmente e por ultra-sonografia. As enzimas timidina fosforilase e uridina fosforilase 1 e 2, bem como os fatores de transcri??o PDEF e ETV4, s?o relatados como componentes das vias que levam ? tumorig?nese e/ou a metastiza??o. O objetivo deste trabalho ? analizar estas enzimas e fatores de transcri??o, correlacionando-as com vari?veis cl?nicas e patol?gicas nos tumores de pr?stata e de rim, bem como nos tecidos adjacentes a estes tumores, pela t?cnica de RT-PCR em tempo real. No c?ncer de pr?stata, a m?dia geom?trica da express?o relativa dos fatores de transcri??o PDEF e ETV4 entre os tecidos benignos e tumorais, apresentaram correla??o significativa com uma maior express?o relativa no tumor quando comparado ao seu benigno. Estes fatores tamb?m apresentaram uma correla??o significativa entre eles no tecido tumoral e no tecido benigno. As m?dias geom?tricas da express?o relativa das enzimas timidina fosforilase e uridina fosforilase 1 se correlacionaram fortemente e significativamente entre os tecidos benignos e tumorais da pr?stata. A m?dia geom?trica da express?o relativa da timidina fosforilase tamb?m se correlacionou de forma moderada e significativa com a do ETV4, entre os tecidos benignos. A m?dia geom?trica da express?o relativa da uridina fosforilase nos tumores T3 foi significativamente menor do que nos tumores T1 e T2 da pr?stata. No carcinoma de rim a Classifica??o TNM se correlacionou fortemente e significativamente com a express?o relativa da enzima timidina fosforilase, e se correlacionou de forma negativa, muito forte e significativamente com a enzima uridina fosforilase. A express?o relativa do fator de transcri??o ETV4 se correlacionou de forma negativa, forte e significativamente com a Classifica??o TNM, e se correlacionou de forma forte e significativamente com a express?o relativa de uridina fosforilase nos tecidos tumorais de rim.