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Web 2.0 概念的開放、即時、互動、同步、多元的資訊傳遞方式創造出更多的群體價值。社群網站讓組織與使用者的互動更加密切，公眾接觸的概念興起，本研究政府部門的臺北市立動物園與社會企業網路媒體社企流個案，均為良好的公眾接觸個案。越來越多組織應用社群網站的程度，依據在於長期來看，社群網站創造多少效果。因此本研究從資訊系統層面、使用者層面與組織管理層面的文獻檢閱，探討社群網站對於各部門組織的重要性、目標與效果。加入Web 2.0的特性所建立效能衡量架構，檢視社群網站對兩研究個案所帶來的效果與經營策略。 研究設計兼具量化與質化的混合方法，透過量化網路問卷蒐集使用者態度，從資訊系統層面的系統品質、資訊品質、服務品質，以及使用者層面的公眾接觸、社會影響等構面，以多元迴歸模型，探討資訊系統滿意度、使用者忠誠度與顧客關係目標等使用者態度。並以質化深度訪談組織內部，從交易成本與組織創新等理論，探討組織如何導入社群網站、管理的過程、分工、評估與策略等。 研究發現，資訊系統層面顯著提升資訊系統滿意度，但對於使用者忠誠度與顧客關係目標無顯著關係；資訊品質對使用者態度沒有顯著關係。在第三部門意指使用者認同其理念，社群網站的介面和管理相對不重要。在政府機關，系統品質對於資訊系統滿意度以及使用者忠誠度皆有顯著影響，顯示政府在Web 2.0時代，社群網站管理者已能掌握資訊傳播的系統品質。使用者層面的公眾接觸與社會影響均具有顯著關係，其中公眾接觸構面的涉入與共同創造為最良好的解釋變項。在社會影響構面，在描述性統計評價最低，但與使用者態度有顯著關係，其中公眾形象為良好的解釋變項。使用者態度的顧客關係目標，資訊傳播最容易達成，實際行動與深化關係相對較難。組織管理層面，發現社企流為有機式組織，可以快速應變環境變化，待改善者為組際間合作。而動物園優勢為機關長官支持與跨組室推動，待改善為上級機關仍不熟悉Web 2.0，難掌握民意溝通管道。 從研究發現可以歸納出各部門均可適用的社群網站經營核心，包括「社群」、「內容」、「管道」。實務建議包括鎖定粉絲專頁的目標族群、虛實整合、提升公眾接觸、加強人際網絡建立、深化關係等。經營策略包括精美圖片、回應使用者問題、提供穩定與精彩的資訊內容、配合時事話題、異業合作等。 / In recent years, Web 2.0 has been the buzz word for the field of e-governance due to its openness, immediacy, and interactivity, which facilitate a more collective and effective networking life of the population. In this thesis, author reviews the literature from information system design, civil engagement, and organizational management to research on the importance, objective, and effectiveness of social media usage and its impact on non-profit organizations. Author selects two cases, Taipei City Zoo (the first sector) and Social Enterprise Insights (the third sector), to investigate and compare them to answer questions concerning the objective and effectiveness of utilizing social media. In this research, a mixed-method approach is adopted to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. An on-line questionnaire was administrated to users of both Facebook Fan Pages and in-depth interviews with organizational staffs. According to literature reviews, the research framework contains two dimensions: information system (system, information and service quality) and civic engagement and social influence on users. Author uses multiple regression to analyze users’ subjective responses. Findings are as follows. First, information system dimension contributes to merely information system satisfaction and information quality is no significant. Second, users’ dimension is significant, but social influence is the worst in descriptive statistics. Third, compared to deeper engagement and take action, communication of information is easy to obtain. Forth, in the organizational management dimension, SEI is an organic organization to adapt the changing environment. Manager support and cross- unit execution cause good-use of social media in the zoo. From this research, practical advices to social media “page masters” contains three main parts. First, the keys to manage social media are community, contents, and channels of communication. Second, the managing goals are focusing on target group, integrating virtual with real world, promoting civic engagement and establishing interpersonal network. Finally, the strategies are utilizing eye-catching pictures, promptly responding to users’ questions, and stable provision of interesting contents.

自1980年代政府再造潮流以來，績效管理及資訊通信技術業已成為政府提昇績效的重要工具，在此一背景下，我國亦於民國94年完成「政府計畫管理資訊網（GPMnet）」整合，用以協助執行績效管理作業。不過，由於資訊科技涵蓋面向相當寬廣，影響層面頗為廣泛，因此也引發樂觀、悲觀及務實主義等不同立場的爭辯，其運用成效確實有待進一步的評估。在相關文獻的基礎上，本研究採用交易成本理論途徑，首先透過問卷調查瞭解GPMnet使用者的態度及行為偏好，其次則經由訪談資料進一步解析資訊通信科技對於政府績效管理成本的增加與減少。 本研究採取混合方法論（mixed methodology）進行研究設計，兼採量化資料及質化資料蒐集分析。量化資料部分，以GPMnet使用者為分析單位進行問卷調查，回收148份有效樣本；質化資料部分，依主辦、主管、會審及研考等4項權限功能，選取8位GPMnet使用者進行訪談，以了解不同權限受訪者使用GPMnet的經驗與看法。 資料分析部分，本研究以偏最小平方法分析問卷資料，調查結果分析顯示，GPMnet系統使用的交易成本認知與態度、主觀系統績效有顯著負向關係；不確定性、資產專屬、使用頻率與交易成本之假設則未獲實證資料支持。此外，訪談資料分析發現，制度環境下，因受限於現行不同機關有不同資訊系統、GPMnet多個子系統，以及紙本流程仍然存在的情況下，使用GPMnet執行績效管理作業會增加行政成本負擔；此外，在實際使用的情形之下，因為系統可以保存過去資料、提供清楚欄位、網路化傳遞、進行進度控管及主動公開資訊等功能，減少了行政作業交易成本。相對的，也造成學習時間不符成本、溝通費時、校對、資訊過載、介面不友善及系統不穩定等負面影響，增加績效管理作業的交易成本。 最後，本研究建議在學術研究上，結構模式的觀察變項應更謹慎設計，資訊系統評估理論應重視成本觀點。至於在實務面則應全面落實電子化績效管理，在GPMnet系統資源環境更應進行資料備份，以減少資訊的過度負荷。 / Governments invest much more attention, time, and money on performance management and evaluation on the public sector today than ever before. To better utilize agency program management systems under the Executive Yuan, the Research, Development and Evaluation Commission (RDEC) has completed the planning of the "Policy Program Management Information System" (Government Program network, GPMnet). The system is a common service platform created to integrate various policy implementation management information systems to enhance the performance of different agencies in program management. However, the performance of GPMnet needs to be evaluated. In order to evaluate the system, this study introduces an empirical research which focuses on a transaction cost approach that has often been used to support the idea of information and communication technology and its positive impact on the economic system. The data was collected by mixed methodology, combining quantitative data from 148 users and eight interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire. The Partial Least Squares was used to analyze the quantitative data. According to the research findings, information-related problems represent only some of the elements contributing to the transaction costs. These costs also emerge due to the institutional factors contributing to their growths. The study of the consequences associated with ICT design and its implementation, based on the transaction cost theory, should therefore consider the costs of ICTs.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University. Macquarie Graduate School of Management. / Bibliography: p. 286-324. / The contribution of this thesis is to present a framework to analyse firms controlled by more than one board. The literature survey of Chapter 2 revealed that there is little recognition of this phenomenon and no accepted way to investigate firms governed by multiple control centres described as a "compound board". The framework is developed in Chapter 3. The historical emergence of compound boards is outlined in Chapter 4 with examples of their architecture described in Chapters 5 and 6. Chapter 7 shows how the framework provides insights not available from other theories of the firm and how selfyes governance can be furthered by utilising contrary human attributes of competition/co-operation, trust/suspicion and self-interest/altruism. / The framework is described as transaction byte analysis (TBA) as it is based on the limited and inconsistent ability of humans to transact units of information described as "bytes". TBA identifies cybernetic principles and strategies that can mitigate human limitations in processing bytes. These provide organisational design criteria for firms to obtain operating advantages. As information is a common element in varies theories of the firm, TBA relates and subsumes them while allowing any type of organisation to be analysed. / Propositions are presented in Chapter 7 for illustrating how TBA provides insights into explaining: (i) why non-trivial employee owned industrial firms have more than one board; (ii) why self-regulation and self-governance of non-trivial firms cannot be assured without a compound board; (iii) how compound boards can simplify the role, knowledge, duties and liabilities of directors; (iv) the competitive advantages of appropriate compound boards in relation to unitary control systems; (v) how to compare and evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of firms with different ownership and control structures; (vi) how to compare the relative efficacy of hierarchical and non-hierarchical firms be they in the private or public sector. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / x, 324 p. ill

市地重劃係依照都市發展趨勢及都市計畫規劃內容，將一定範圍內畸零細碎不規則之土地，依據法令加以重新整理，重劃區內土地除配合公共設施興建後，其餘可建築用地依原位次分配原則、調整分配原則並留設抵費地後，重新分配予原土地所有權人，其最終目的是地權的調整，而地權調整屬於交易行為，有交易便會有成本，而價格是交易成本的剩餘，在市地重劃開發的過程及後續標得抵費地的土地利用行為中存在交易成本，交易成本的降低可帶來抵費地價格的提升。 重劃完成後各宗抵費地的區位條件與個別條件均不相同，傳統地價影響因素研究多著重於宗地的條件，例如宗地面積、公設可及性、使用分區等，對於土地建築利用與產權整合並無太多著墨，本研究從重劃後建築開發的角度切入，探討以公辦重劃方式所留設的抵費地，其宗地個別條件、土地使用管制、區位、規模及相鄰土地整合難易度，對於交易成本及開發績效有何影響，研究影響抵費地標售價格的因素。 本研究蒐集了林口新市鎮第三期市地重劃區抵費地及相關土地資訊，透過是否建築作為條件篩選，並以189筆合併建築之案例為樣本，運用特徵價格模型，以每平方公尺抵費地標售單價作為應變數，選取13個可能影響抵費地標售價格的應變數，進行實證分析研究。實證結果顯示抵費地的容積率、所面臨最大路寬、面臨主要道路面寬、至學校距離及標售時間等5個因素對於抵費地標售價格呈現正向影響；而抵費地的面積、鄰地權屬複雜度、深度、寬深比等4個因素對於抵費地標售價格呈現負向影響。 公辦市地重劃政府具有土地分配的規劃及主導權，在抵費地面積有限的情況下，倘能了解抵費地的區位、規模與效益之關係，在訂定分配原則及抵費地劃設時考量上述影響抵費地標售價格的因素，以降低交易成本，即可望降低地主共同負擔或創造盈餘以留供重劃區內建設與管理維護，提升開發效益。 / A urban land readjustment (ULR) project follows the trend of urban development and the urban planning, it readjusts all fragmental and irregular land in the area. After building the land of public in the area, the rest of buildable land will be allocated to landlords and reserve the cost equivalent land by distribution principle. The final purpose of ULR is to adjust the property of land. That way of adjustment is a transaction which comes with the cost, and the residual of transaction cost is price. There is transaction cost in the process of ULR project and in the use of cost equivalent land. The reduction of the transaction cost will rise the price of cost equivalent land. The area and individual condition of all the cost equivalent land is different after URL project. The traditional research of land price focus on the condition of land, for example, the area of the land, the accessibility of public facilities and the land use zoning , but less attention in the using of building and the conformity of property. In this research, we discuss the cost equivalent land with the point of building development by ULR, and the effect of the transaction cost to develop performance by analyzing individual condition, land using constrain, area, size, conformity of land. We also study on the factor of the price of cost equivalent land. In this research, we gather the cost equivalent land of Lin-Kou New Town URL and other related information of land. We use the data screened by purpose to build to integrate 189 lands for the base of experimental research, and using the Hedonic Price Method to set the model in which the unit price of cost equivalent land (per square meter ) as the dependent variable and thirteen impact factors as independent variables.。The experiment result shows that five factors including the floor area ratio of cost equivalent land, the maximum width of neighbor road, the width of neighbor, the distance from school and the time for sale have positive impact to the price of the cost equivalent land. On the other hand, the four factors including the area of the cost equivalent land, the complexity of neighbor property, the depth of land and the ratio of width to depth have negative impact to the price of the cost equivalent land. The government has dominant and plan of land distribution by URL-led by the government, for a limited area of cost equivalent land, if we can realize the relationship among region, size and efficiency of cost equivalent land which effect the price of cost equivalent land, it can reduce the transaction cost when we set up the rule of land and cost equivalent land distribution. We can reduce average burden of landlords or make surplus for construction and management for URL, and also promote the efficiency of development.

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados. / Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

Submitted by LUCI LONGO (luci.longo@gvmail.br) on 2014-01-27T18:56:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-2014-Luci Longo.pdf: 4266328 bytes, checksum: b7560e7b65474586eb06e6b91f5bec08 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2014-01-27T19:18:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-2014-Luci Longo.pdf: 4266328 bytes, checksum: b7560e7b65474586eb06e6b91f5bec08 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-27T19:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-2014-Luci Longo.pdf: 4266328 bytes, checksum: b7560e7b65474586eb06e6b91f5bec08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-16 / The results obtained enable us to state that the industries that most invested in Information Technology (IT) in the period of 2001-2011 had higher growth in their operating revenue and more effective operating results, compared with industries that invested less in the same period. According to the proposed model for the companies studied, an increase of 7% was found within two years in operating profit for every 1% in IT investments. Noteworthy is the purpose of the research to identify and analyze the impacts of expenditures and investments in information technology on the financial performance of Brazilian industries, and for that, I used a research model that used accounting-financial metrics and indicators of IT use as well as the combination of statistical analysis techniques. Moreover, the investigation deepens and broadens the discussion on the evaluation of IT investments and how to measure its impact on the organizational performance. The study population was composed of Brazilian companies, which were publicly traded, from the industrial sector, with active stocks at BOVESPA, totaling 119 companies. Through a survey, additional data were obtained related to expenditures and investments in IT, the semi-structured questionnaires were sent directly to the Chief Information Officer (CIO). These efforts in collecting primary data, gave the possibility of obtaining a fairly significant sample, with 63 industries, namely 53% of the population. After collection, the data analysis was developed through three steps: (1) Factor Analysis (FA) for selection of performance factors, which at the end of the process resulted in twelve variables for the research model, (2) Cluster Analysis (CA) that showed three distinct groupings of companies for their features and performance, and (3) Multiple Regression Model which adopted the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), a dynamic econometric model, satisfying the requirements of the Arellano-Bond (1991) model. It is noted that the proposed model could address in a methodologically proper way the spurious correlations and allowing the identification of ‘the lag effect', in other words, IT investments in two previous periods, (IGTIt-2) impacted in current Operating Income (ROPt). Furthermore, it was found that other variables of profitability and liquidity impacted in this result, also adopting lag variables. The main variable of IT research, IGTI is calculated through the sum of expenditures and annual IT investments (OPEX/CAPEX), divided by the annual net Operating Revenue. For future research, there is the possibility of seeking evaluation measures by types (categories) of IT investment, aiming at deepening the analysis of performance impacts by sector (in each investment) and the cluster analysis, making use of the analysis model of this research. / Os resultados obtidos possibilitam afirmar que as indústrias que mais investiram em Tecnologia de Informação (TI), no período de 2001 a 2011, obtiveram maior crescimento da sua receita operacional e resultados operacionais mais eficazes, comparadas com as indústrias que investiram menos no período. De acordo com o modelo proposto, para as empresas estudadas foi possível encontrar, no prazo de dois anos, um crescimento de 7% no resultado operacional para cada 1% a mais de investimentos em TI. Destaca-se o objetivo da pesquisa de identificar e analisar os impactos dos gastos e investimentos em tecnologia de informação no desempenho financeiro das indústrias brasileiras, para alcançá-lo, adotou-se um modelo de pesquisa que utilizou métricas contábeis-financeiras e indicadores de uso TI, bem como a combinação de técnicas estatísticas para as análises. O trabalho aprofunda e amplia as discussões existentes sobre a avaliação dos investimentos em TI e como aferir o impacto desta sobre o desempenho organizacional. O universo do estudo foi composto pelas companhias brasileiras, de capital aberto, do ramo industrial, com ações ativas na BOVESPA, totalizando 119 companhias. Por meio de uma survey obteve-se os dados complementares referentes aos gastos e investimentos em TI; os questionários semiestruturados foram encaminhados diretamente ao Gerente de TI (Chief Information Officer). Estes esforços na coleta de dados primários possibilitaram a obtenção de uma amostra bastante significativa, com 63 indústrias, ou seja, 53% da população estudada. Após coleta, a análise dos dados foi desenvolvida em três etapas: (1) Análise Fatorial (AF) para seleção de fatores de desempenho que resultou no final do processo em doze variáveis para o modelo da pesquisa; (2) Análise de Cluster (AC) que evidenciou três agrupamentos distintos de indústrias por suas características e desempenho e (3) Regressão Múltipla que adotou um modelo econométrico dinâmico, estimado pelo Método dos Momentos Generalizado (GMM), satisfazendo as condições do modelo de Arellano-Bond (1991). Salienta-se que o modelo proposto permitiu tratar de forma adequada metodologicamente as correlações espúrias, possibilitando identificar que os gastos e investimentos em TI, (IGTI t-2), de dois períodos anteriores impactaram no Resultado Operacional Atual, (ROPt), evidenciando o efeito tardio, ou lag effect. Além disso, foi constatado que outras variáveis de rentabilidade e liquidez impactam neste resultado, também adotando defasagem das variáveis. A principal variável de TI da pesquisa, o IGTI, é calculada pela soma de gastos e investimentos em TI anuais (OPEX/CAPEX), dividida pela Receita Operacional Líquida anual. Para pesquisas futuras, há a possibilidade de buscar medidas de avaliação por tipos (categorias) de investimento em TI, visando ao aprofundamento da análise destes impactos no desempenho setorizado (ligado a cada investimento) e da análise de clusters, adotando o modelo de análise da pesquisa.

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados. / Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados. / Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramon Silva Leite.pdf: 1012552 bytes, checksum: b3d09d4e52a7267b02a8d3f6b152290c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-27 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The Vertical Collaborative Relationship has been a way encountered by companies to act cohesively and to get mutual benefits. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the collaborative relationship and its impact on businesses performance, focusing on the footwear s industry array of production of Nova Serrana (MG) and its suppliers. In order to analyze it, a descriptive research was done about the transaction cost theory and also about the main conceptions and contributions about chain companies, productive arrangements and cooperation. Later this descriptive research, an extensive fieldwork was carried out, divided into two stages. The first one, based on an exploratory character, was composed of 24 interviews: 14 with footwear manufacturers and 10 with their main suppliers. This stage aimed to study the phenomenon in a greater depth, to gain familiarity with the analyzed object and to refine the patterns used in other studies addressed to the reality of the footwear s sector. The obtained data on this stage, concerned by the content analysis' methodology technique, revealed that: a) communication, adaptation, commitment, dependence and trust are important for collaborative relationship; b) small companies remain relations considered relations of market, contributing to higher transaction costs; and c) medium and major companies prefer higher collaborative relationships in order to reduce transaction costs, as well as costs of new products` development. The research s second stage, descriptive in nature, had four main objectives: 1st) to identify the predominant variables in the relationship between manufacturers and suppliers from both perspectives; 2nd) to validate and operationalize the keys identified as their connection s constructs; 3rd) to verify if some firms characteristics are associated to better performances, and 4th) to compare suppliers and manufacturers point of view about their relationship. This stage had two data collections. The first one involved 211 manufacturers, while the second involved a sample of 87 suppliers. The gathered data underwent several tests, including the Structural Equation Modeling and CHAID s (Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection) technique of segmentation. The results proved that: a) the major variables for the collaborative relationship differ from manufactures to suppliers for the sample of manufactures, communication and commitment influence the relationship significantly, while for the sample of suppliers trust and commitment were considered the most important; b) the patterns that composed the final model, right after some adjusts, reached acceptable values of validity and trustworthiness; c) footwear manufactures with certain characteristics, such as type of shoe produced and capacity, obtain better performance than its competitors; and d) there are significant divergences between manufactures and suppliers` views about relationship. Before the obtained results, it follows that there is a significant relation between collaboration and performance. Thus, the way companies deal with their partners leads them to better results. Moreover, the collaborative relationships benefits are greater for the suppliers. For manufacturers, it is interesting to develop collaborative relationships with their most important suppliers, while standard market relations may be more appropriate to the less strategic partners. Finally, it is suggested that future studies concern other variables and include larger samples. / Relacionamentos colaborativos verticais têm sido uma das formas encontradas pelas empresas para atuarem de maneira mais coesa, ao mesmo tempo em que procuram obter benefícios mútuos. Nesse sentido, este estudo procurou analisar o relacionamento colaborativo e suas repercussões no desempenho das empresas, tendo como foco as indústrias de calçados do arranjo produtivo de Nova Serrana (MG) e seus fornecedores. Para esse fim, foi feita uma revisão da literatura a respeito da teoria dos custos de transação, além dos principais conceitos e contribuições sobre redes de empresas, arranjos produtivos e cooperação. Após essa revisão, foi desenvolvido um extenso trabalho de campo, dividido em duas etapas. A primeira, de caráter exploratório, contou com 24 entrevistas, sendo 14 com fabricantes de calçados e 10 com os principais fornecedores desses fabricantes. Essa etapa buscou estudar o fenômeno com maior profundidade e obter familiaridade com o objeto de estudo, além de refinar as escalas utilizadas em outros estudos para a realidade do setor analisado. Os dados coletados nessa etapa, tratados pela técnica da análise de conteúdo, revelaram que: a) a comunicação, a adaptação, o comprometimento, a dependência e a confiança são importantes para o relacionamento colaborativo; b) as empresas menores mantêm relações consideradas de mercado, o que as leva a ter maiores custos de transação; e c) as empresas de médio e grande porte optaram por relacionamentos mais colaborativos como mecanismo para reduzir custos de transação, bem como os custos de desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Já a segunda etapa da pesquisa, de caráter descritivo, teve quatro objetivos principais: 1˚) identificar as variáveis preponderantes no relacionamento, sob o ponto de vista dos fabricantes e fornecedores; 2˚) validar e operacionalizar os construtos identificados como principais no relacionamento; 3˚) averiguar se determinadas características das empresas estão associadas a melhores desempenhos; e 4˚) comparar a visão de fabricantes e fornecedores sobre o relacionamento. Essa etapa contou com duas coletas de dados. A primeira envolveu 211 fabricantes, enquanto a segunda contou com uma amostra de 87 fornecedores. Os dados coletados passaram por diversas análises, dentre elas a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais e a técnica de segmentação CHAID (Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection). Os resultados demonstraram que: a) as variáveis preponderantes para o relacionamento colaborativo são diferentes para fabricantes e fornecedores - para a amostra de fabricantes a comunicação e o comprometimento influenciam de forma mais significativa o relacionamento, já para a amostra de fornecedores a confiança e o comprometimento foram preponderantes; b) as escalas que compuserem o modelo final, após alguns ajustes, atingiram valores aceitáveis de validade e confiabilidade; c) fabricantes de calçados com determinadas características, tais como tipo de calçado produzido e porte, obtêm desempenhos superiores aos de seus pares; e d) há divergências significativas entre as visões de fabricantes e fornecedores sobre o relacionamento. Diante dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que há uma relação significativa entre colaboração e desempenho. Assim, a forma como as empresas lidam com seus parceiros leva-as a ter desempenhos melhores. Além disso, os benefícios do relacionamento colaborativo são maiores para os fornecedores. Já para os fabricantes é interessante que desenvolvam relacionamentos colaborativos com seus fornecedores mais importantes, enquanto que para parceiros menos estratégicos relações do tipo mercado podem ser mais adequadas. Por fim, sugere-se que futuros estudos incluam outras variáveis no modelo, além de contemplar amostras maiores.