Med anledning av dagens Covid-19 pandemi har svensk arbetsmarknad drabbats hårt vilket har resulterat i en ökad arbetslöshet bland ungdomar. Forskning visar att arbetslöshet har en negativ påverkan på både den enskilda individen och samhället i stort genom bland annat ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa, försummad kompetens och höga samhällskostnader. Detta påvisar vikten av att öka förståelsen och medvetenheten kring situationen som ungdomar som är arbetslösa befinner sig i. Syftet med studien var därför att beskriva och identifiera aspekter som skapar en meningsfull och kompetensutvecklande arbetslöshet utifrån arbetslösa ungdomars egen upplevelse. Studien har utgått från en teoretisk grund i hälsoteorin KASAM och den pedagogiska teorin transformativt lärande. En kvalitativ ansats har tillämpats i studien bestående av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med arbetslösa ungdomar i åldersspannet 19–24 år. Den insamlade datan analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys vilket medförde i tre huvudkategorier innehållande totalt sex underkategorier. Resultatet redogör för hälsofrämjande aspekter som skapar en trygg, hanterbar och motiverande arbetslöshet. Fortsättningsvis visade resultatet att kompetensutveckling sker både individuellt och kollektivt, vilket förutsätter dialog med andra och eget ansvar. Studiens resultat belyser också att samhället kan tillämpa mer individanpassade insatser för att främja välbefinnandet och lärandet under arbetslösheten. Slutsatsen för den här studien visar att ha individuella resurser tillsammans med stöd från samhällets instanser är viktiga för att främja kompetensutveckling och hälsa hos ungdomar som befinner sig i arbetslöshet. Slutligen kan det även vara väsentliga förutsättningar för att motverka den växande arbetslösheten och skapa en mer jämlik hälsa bland den svenska befolkningen.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap kring om fysisk distans påverkar valet av ledarskapsstil när Siemens ställer om från kontorsbaserad verksamhet till hemarbetsbaserad verksamhet. Följande frågeställningar ligger till grund för att besvara studiens syfte: Har kontextförändring en signifikant påverkan på interaktionen mellan ledare och följare? Finns det aspekter av ledarskapet som blir extra framträdande som följd av kontextförändringen där distansarbete nu är normen? Kan man utifrån Full Range Leadership-modellen eller via ledarskapsstilarna ideologisk och pragmatisk, autentisk, betjänande, etisk, delad/distribuerad samt spirituell finna grund för att kontextförändringen ger upphov till förändring av ledarskapsstil? I uppsatsen antas en kvalitativ undersökningsansats, där fallet Siemens används för datainsamling i syfte att undersöka kontextens (dvs. distansarbetets) betydelse och påverkan på ledarskapet för bolaget (en fallstudie). Basen för datainsamlingen var sex stycken intervjuer av semi-strukturerad karaktär. Situationen är avgörande för var tonvikten i ledarskapet ligger, men jag vill inte påstå att ledarskapsstilen skiftar från en till en annan som en effekt av förändring i kontext. Empirin pekar istället på att det behövs en annan stil än de i FRLM-modellen. Då denna modell förutsätter ledarskap utan fysisk distans är den inte tillräcklig för att beskriva en lämplig ledarskapsstil för distansarbete. Jag lyfter därför fram en ny sammansättning egenskaper/beteenden som är bättre lämpade för distansarbete. Denna sammansättning består av: karisma, förmåga att motivera, intellektuell stimulans, individuell hänsyn, vara sig själv, självmedvetenhet och delat ledarskap. / The purpose of this paper is to highlight and develop knowledge on how physical distance affects leadership practice at Siemens when the organization changes from an office-based environment to a remote work environment. The following questions are the foundation in terms of answering the purpose: Do the change in context and the change to a remote work climate significantly affect the interaction between leader and follower? Are there aspects of leadership that get special attention as consequence of the context change? Is it possible through the Full Range Leadership Modell or through ideological and pragmatic, authentic, servant, ethical, shared/distributed or spiritual leadership styles to find a connection between change in context and leadership style? This study has a qualitative approach and uses Siemens as the base for the analysis in order to evaluate the contextual significance for the leadership within the company. The context is vital in terms of where in the leadership the focus is. But I won’t go as far as to suggest that a change in context by default changes the leadership style from one to another. The data gathered suggests that there is need of a new leadership style, that differs from those in the FRLM-model. Since that model rests on the assumption that there is no physical distance between leader and follower, it is not sufficient to point towards a fitting leadership style for remote working. Therefore, I bring forward a new set of skills/behaviors which are better suited for leading over a distance. These are: charisma, the ability to motivate, intellectual stimuli, individual consideration, be yourself, self-awareness and shared leadership.

This three-paper dissertation examines the curriculum for a Language and Cultural Exchange (LACE) course from three different perspectives through a lens of Transformative Learning (TL). The first paper, found in chapter 2, is a design case chronicling the design decisions that were made in the process of transforming a LACE course from a face-to-face learning environment to an online learning environment. The second paper considers how to measure TL and applies a rubric for TL to student work across an entire semester. The final paper dives deep into one particular activity, related to academic integrity, to evaluate if small interventions, intentionally designed, can lead to TL through attitudinal change. When considered together, all three papers point to the possibility of measuring TL, the effectiveness of small educational interventions that are easy to implement in a classroom, and several key questions instructional designers should address when they are designing for TL. <br>

In this dissertation I analyse the transformation of the South African law on the warranty against latent defects. I trace the development from pre-classical Roman law through to the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (“the CPA”). Society’s ever-changing economic requirements and moral ideals serve as the driving forces behind these continuous legal developments. Under Roman law the rules on latent defects initially applied to the sale of slaves. In contrast, modern South African law, as per the CPA and the values of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, specifically aims to protect the most vulnerable members of South Africa’s unequal society. The conservative approach adopted by the judiciary when adjudicating contractual matters hinders the transformation of the law of sale. Legal rules and legal thinking which reinforce traditional distributive patterns require reconsideration if societal-wide change, as demanded by the Constitution, can be imagined and accomplished. If the economic role of the contract and its power to divide and (re)distribute wealth is viewed as important, the link between poverty and the contract, and by association the consumer agreement, cannot be ignored. Contracts, and specifically basic consumer and credit agreements, are often concluded in order to facilitate survival in our current social reality. The law as it relates to consumer protection and the sale of defective goods is directly related to the contract’s role in wealth distribution. Where sales agreements are in question, the unequal bargaining power of the parties can impede the purchaser/consumer even further. The consumer’s right to good quality and safe goods creates uncertainty regarding whether or not the seller’s liability under the common law warranty against latent defects may be excluded in instances where the CPA and the common law apply simultaneously. This uncertainty, if addressed as being part of the national project of transformative constitutionalism, the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the exclusion of the seller’s liability is, paradoxically, detrimental to the very subject that the CPA and Constitution aim to protect, namely the purchaser. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Private Law / LLM / Unrestricted

Depuis la réforme économique de la Chine en 1979, des milliers de dirigeants chinois ont travaillé au sein de multinationales, ils ont été inspirés par une solide expérience managériale et une vision globale. Du fait des différences culturelles entre la Chine et l’Occident, la maîtrise du leadership pour les patrons chinois dans un contexte professionnel de plus en plus interculturel et mondialisé, s’impose plus que jamais. Notre recherche empirique nous a conduite à analyser des données issues de l’observation, d’interviews en profondeur, ainsi que d’une expérimentation  in situ, en immersion professionnelle, afin de répondre aux questions suivantes : Que signifie aux yeux de dirigeants chinois, la notion de «leadership global» ? A quelles difficultés, quels défis les dirigeants chinois sont-ils confrontés pour développer leurs capacités de leadership interculturel? Comment différents facteurs culturels influencent-ils le développement du leadership interculturel des dirigeants chinois ? Notre recherche nous a permis de comprendre comment le leadership interculturel peut être développé selon un modèle basé sur un cadre théorique interdisciplinaire. Nous avons pu proposer un prototype de développement du leadership en milieu interculturel qui doit permettre d’identifier le dirigeant doté d’un haut potentiel en matière de leadership interculturel et contribuer à optimiser ses talents en ce domaine. / Thousands of Chinese managers have been working in multinational firms since the economic reform of China in 1979; they all have been inspired by its sound management experience and global vision. In view of the distinct culture between China and Western countries, leadership development for Chinese managers in cross cultural working environment becomes very important.As the first action empirical research on this topic we analyzed data from observation, in-depth interviews and quasi-experimentation to answer the questions: “What is global leadership for Chinese manager?” “What are the difficulties and challenges for Chinese managers to develop their cross cultural leadership?” “How various cultural factors influence Chinese leaders’ cross-culture leadership development?” Research finding had figured out the mechanism of how leadership can be developed with a cross culture leadership development model based on interdisciplinary theoretical framework, a cross culture leadership development prototype have been proposed to identify high potential cultural intelligent leaders and help to develop them efficiently.

The idea that planners should work toward an equitable society has been part of the profession since the 1960s, largely based on the work of planning theorists like Paul Davidoff, Sherry Arnstein and Norman Krumholz. Transportation planning, however, has been slower than other sectors of the profession, such as housing, to embrace equity planning concepts. That has begun to change as concerns about income inequality, environmental justice and climate change have become more salient. This thesis makes the case that in order to improve social equity outcomes, transportation planners must make social equity an explicit goal and add social equity performance measures and targets to their plans. The study focuses on Hillsborough County, Florida as a case study and analyzes the extent that transportation planning agencies in the county consider social equity in their plans and processes. The data on plans and processes will be compared to data on social equity outcomes related to the distribution of transportation benefits and burdens, and next steps to improve social equity outcomes in the County will be identified in the form of policy recommendations.

Magister Legum - LLM / This thesis advocates the expansion of the field of transitional justice to address corruption in African states emerging from conflict or authoritarianism. There is a close connection between corruption and conflict or repressive regimes in Africa. A good example is the Arab Spring of 2011, where citizens of Tunisia, Egypt and Libya protested against endemic corruption, leading to removal of despotic leaders from power. Dictators or conflicts tend to leave African states in situations where their coffers have been emptied corruptly and their citizens subjected to serious physical violence. What is more, corrupt and oppressive leaders use their ill-gotten assets to escape liability for their crimes. The evident link between the two forms of abuse makes it desirable to address them simultaneously when the dictatorship or conflict ends. Many African countries have deployed transitional justice mechanisms, such as criminal prosecutions, truth commissions, institutional reforms and reparations to address violations of civil and political rights. However, they have neglected corruption and other violations of social and economic rights, notwithstanding their crucial role in the violent past. Many countries still are haunted by the unresolved legacies of corruption and other socio-economic injustices. Recently, scholars and practitioners in the fields of transitional justice and anti-corruption have started to call for corruption and other socio-economic issues to be accommodated within transitional justice programmes. Problems encountered with the expansion of transitional justice mechanisms have not been worked out yet at the level of theory, policy and practice. This thesis subscribes to transformative justice theory as the most viable perspective from which to tackle corruption in transitional societies in Africa. Transformative justice theory is gaining increasing attention in the field of transitional justice, and it has been incorporated in the recent African Union Transitional Justice Policy. It champions locally driven mechanisms which reflect the needs of the victims and local communities, and which pursue socio-economic justice and transformation. The thesis argues that the current transitional justice mechanisms have the potential to become transformative and it will seek to answer how best each of these mechanisms may be implemented to address corruption. It is hoped that this thesis will assist in answering critical questions regarding the proximate relationship between corruption and violence, and in offering guidelines towards the total integration of an anti-corruption agenda into the field of transitional justice in Africa.

As biodiversity continues to diminish worldwide, an interrogation of long-standing conservation discourse is needed to reformulate a new conservation rhetoric that confronts the socio-ecological complexities of the world and reorients the relationship between humans and nature. Using ecologically sensitive critical discourse analysis, this research investigates the dominant ideologies perpetuated within an iteration of mainstream American wildlife discourse and explores opportunities for transformative conservation alternatives. Critical discourse analysis is performed on the State Wildlife Action Plans policy framework, which serve as the United States’ primary comprehensive wildlife conservation strategies that guide states in the preservation of fish and wildlife. Analysis of the State Wildlife Action Plans Report and Best Practices for State Wildlife Action Plans documentation revealed three dominant ideologies constructed and perpetuated within this conservation program, summarized as “Human Centrality,” “Animals as Resources,” and “The Supremacy of the Economic.” These three ideologies are manifestations of the overarching worldview of Anthropocentrism. After identifying the potentially harmful impacts associated with these ideologies, new stories inspired by insight from various environmental philosophies, Indigenous beliefs, and historical conservation leaders that align with the tenets of transformative conservation are created. These three new, alternative stories are: “Honoring the Intrinsic Value of Nature,” “Humans and Nature Rejoined,” and “Decentering the Economic.” By disentangling the hegemonic ideologies and power relations upheld within American conservation discourse, novel ways of thinking inspired by transformative conservation can be forged to combat biodiversity loss.

Cities drive some of the most urgent sustainability challenges that societies face today, including inequality, resource consumption and climate change. Meanwhile, economic growth is increasingly being viewed as a challenge for sustainable development, generating a call for post-growth transformation. In recent years, the notion of a sharing economy has spread to cities across the globe and has been adopted as a solution for addressing multiple urban sustainability challenges. The sharing economy is often associated with multinational corporations such as Airbnb and Uber, however, there is a parallel movement of emerging social practices. This study investigates the case of the multi-actor sharing economy in Gothenburg, Sweden, in order to assess the capacity of an emerging grassroots movement to contribute to economic transformation towards a post-growth model. The findings demonstrate how the grassroots movement show potential for radical change as they adopt and replicate goals and visions aligning with post-growth transformations. Further, the results show how the movement is reconfiguring urban governance relations through i) transformative leaders and ii) intermediary organizations enabling cross-sectorial actor relations to emerge. However, the findings also point to emerging risks of disempowerment and limited capacity of grassroots which induce three policy suggestions to strengthen the transformative capacity of the movement. These are to i) organize multi-actor exercises that foster collective visions, ii) support the development of co-operative business models for grassroots, and iii) establish a Community Support Centre. The study concludes that Gothenburg is an example of a type of sharing economy with potential for post-growth transformation.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between older women and contemporary dance in a choreographic project. I explore in what sense the participation in the project is of artistic value to these women and also what happens in the meeting between me as a researcher, the project itself and the women. The background of this study is a personal interest in age, body and dance as well as an ambition to change normative ideas about the dancer body through action. With a globally ageing population, I have an interest in highlighting an aging female body as a resource in the context of contemporary dance. The study is conducted on the basis of post-qualitative research and decolonizing methodology. The artistic practice is leading and is based on the experiences of the women who participate in the project. As a researcher, my participation in the practice is necessary. By articulating and visualizing the marginality of older women, dance discourses are deconstructed. With improvisation as a performative choreographic practice, transformative learning emerges among participants. The findings of the study show that older women are resourceful and have the capacity for change through dance. This can be achieved in interaction with others and can then be an artistic experience. The artistic and pedagogical values which are experienced by the women in relation to contemporary dance are self-determination, trust and a sense of community. Both individual and collective struggle emerge among me and the women as a force of action. I argue that age norms and bodily ideals in contemporary dance can be challenged by giving older women access to contemporary dance. By articulating and visualizing the experiences of a marginalized group, the meaning of the concepts of dance, body and age are deconstructed and new insights are created which challenge and broaden normative ideas about dance and the dancer body.