No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Syfte Syftet var att undersöka vad aktiva-motionärer anser om vardags-motionärer avseende livsstil, karaktärsdrag och hälsostatus. Metod För att inkludera vardags-motionärer på motionsanläggningar där motionärer finns bör man lösa upp barriärer till motion. Det kan därför vara av nytta att ta reda på om och i så fall vad aktiva-motionärer anser om vardags-motionärer. Detta för att kunna veta om förändringen ska ske hos aktiva-motionärer eller vardags-motionärer för att möjliggöra inkludering av vardagsmotionärer på motionsanläggningar där aktiva-motionärer finns. Detta genomfördes med en kvalitativt inriktad undersökning genom en intervjustudie i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultat Respondenterna anger att hälsa är en upplevd balans såväl psykiskt som fysiskt. I motsats till detta innebär ohälsa obalans. Konsekvenserna av denna obalans nämnde respondenterna som trötthet, sämre koncentration, övervikt, lättare att drabbas av sjukdomar samt försämrad livskvalité. Det respondenterna nämnde om en vardags-motionär är att denna individ sällan gör mer än vad det behöver i vardagen, är ohälsosamma, innehar obalans och kan drabbas av konsekvenserna som nämns ovan. Slutsats Undersökningen visar att det finns åsikter hos aktiva-motionärer om vardags-motionärer. Dock uttalar sig aktiva-motionärer ogärna om hur vardags-motionärer är som personer, men beskriver enklare deras leverne. Det undersökningen därmed kan konstatera är att andras åsikter är en befogad barriär till varför motion inte bedrivs. Om denna barriär är något som syns utåt på anläggningarna är dock svårt att säga. / Purpose The main purpose of this study was to research the practitioners of physical exercise (PPE) opinions about non-practitioners of physical exercise (NPPE), regarding their health, lifestyle and characteristics. Method To enable inclusion of NPPE to training facilities where PPE attend, knowledge of the PPEs’ opinions about NPPE are needed. NPPE often mention that the opinions of PPE discourage them from start to perform physical exercise at training facilities. Therefore, it was necessary to research if these opinions make an actual barrier for the start of exercise in NPPEs. To contribute this knowledge of opinions this study was a qualitative interview study with semi structured interviews. Result The respondents described health as a state of experienced balance between physical and physiological health. Unhealthiness was described by the opposite; imbalance. The consequences of this described imbalance are mentioned as fatigue, lack in concentration, overweight, high risk in diseases and decreased quality of life. What the respondents mentioned about a NPPE as an individual, were that they only did what's necessary, are unhealthy, lead an unbalanced lifestyle and suffer a higher risk of afflict the consequences mentioned above. Conclusion This study shows that the PPE do have opinions about NPPE. What is shown most clearly is that the respondents are more confident describing unhealthiness or the lifestyle choices associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, rather than describing the characteristics of unhealthy individuals. The study examines that the PPEs’ opinions about NPPE could be an actual barrier for NPPE to start performing physical exercise at training facilities where PPE perform their physical exercise. If these opinions are reflected in the environment of the training facilities, is not defined through this study and would require further research.

L’insuffisance cardiaque (IC), une maladie chronique caractérisée par un mauvais fonctionnement du muscle cardiaque, entraîne des symptômes comme l’essoufflement, l’œdème et la fatigue. L’IC nécessite l’adoption de comportements d’auto-soins pour prévenir les épisodes de décompensation. Le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer l’intervention infirmière motivationnelle selon les stades de changements (MSSC) sur les comportements d’auto-soins chez des patients IC. Afin de guider l’intervention MSSC, la théorie spécifique aux auto-soins chez les patients IC de Riegel et Dickson (2008) a été retenue ainsi que le modèle d’intervention de Bédard et al. (2006) combinant le modèle transthéorique (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984) et l’entrevue motivationnelle (Miller & Rollnick, 2006). Il s’agit d’un devis expérimental randomisé (pré et post-test) avec groupe contrôle (N = 15/groupe). Les patients du groupe contrôle ont reçu les soins usuels et les patients du groupe intervention (GI) ont reçu l’intervention MSSC durant trois entretiens. Les mesures de résultats ont été collectées à un mois suite à la randomisation par une assistante de recherche aveugle à la randomisation. L’effet de l’intervention a été évalué par des analyses de covariance sur cinq mesures de résultats : la réalisation et la gestion (générale et spécifique à l’IC) des auto-soins, la confiance aux auto-soins (générale et spécifique à l’IC) et la conviction. L’acceptabilité et la faisabilité ont été évaluées. Les résultats indiquent un effet significatif sur la mesure de confiance à effectuer les auto-soins spécifiques à l’IC. La majorité des participants du GI ont progressé dans leurs stades de changement. Ces résultats soulignent le potentiel de cette approche pour favoriser l’adoption des auto-soins mais une étude à plus large échelle est proposée afin d’évaluer l’effet de cette approche dans un essai clinique randomisé. / Heart failure (HF) is characterized by the heart’s reduced capacity to pump, resulting in symptoms causing respiratory problems and reduced quality of life. HF patients are advised to adopt self-care behaviours to prevent frequent episodes of decompensation. While medication and behaviour change play a major role in maintaining physiological stability, patient adherence to self-care recommendations is not optimal. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate a Motivational Intervention following the Stages of Change (MISC) on HF patients’ self-care behaviours. To guide the MISC, the situation-specific theory of heart failure self-care (Riegel & Dickson, 2008) was retained as well as Bédard et al. (2006) model of intervention, a combination of Motivational interviewing (MI) (Miller & Rollnick, 2006) and Transtheoretical model (TTM) (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984). This was a randomized experimental pilot project (pre and post-test, with a control group) (n=15/group). Patients in the control group received usual care from the HF clinic while patients from the experimental group (EG) received 3 MISC interventions. Data were collected at one month post-randomization by a blinded research assistant. The effect of the intervention was assessed on five self-care outcomes using analysis of covariance models: self-care maintenance and management (general and specific to HF), confidence in self-care (general and specific to HF) and conviction. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed. Significant results were obtained regarding the confidence in performing self-care behaviours specific to HF. A majority of patient in the EG did progress in the stages of change. The results suggest that a MISC intervention has potential to improve self-care. A larger study is needed to evaluate the effects of the MISC intervention in a randomized controlled trial.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar barreiras, motivações e estratégias que apresentam potencial para promover a mobilidade sustentável de alunos de graduação, pós-graduação, servidores técnico- administrativos e servidores docentes no campus da Universidade de São Paulo em São Carlos. O método utilizado para atingir o objetivo foi dividido em três etapas: i. desenvolvimento de ferramenta para coleta de dados; ii. análise dos dados por meio do modelo transteórico de mudança comportamental; iii. análise de estratégias visando a mobilidade sustentável. O questionário on-line desenvolvido e aplicado para o estudo forneceu uma taxa de resposta robusta e bem distribuída dos principais usuários do campus (25,5% da população do campus total). Percentagens consideráveis de usuários em todos os grupos investigados manifestaram a intenção de mudar para outro modo de transporte. Entre aqueles que mudariam para modos de transporte sustentáveis, 27,1% mudariam para o modo a pé, enquanto que 46,2% mudariam para o modo bicicleta. No entanto, 13,6% dos entrevistados declararam que mudariam para o automóvel, o que representa uma demanda adicional de cerca de 300 lugares de estacionamento no campus. Em relação às barreiras para a adoção de modos de transporte sustentáveis, a posse de um veículo motorizado foi o principal obstáculo identificado (independentemente do modo a ser adotado como uma alternativa). Duas alternativas foram classificadas como as melhores estratégias para promoção da mobilidade sustentável no contexto estudado: a construção de ciclovias que ligam o campus com a rede viária urbana e estacionamento para bicicletas dentro do campus. Uma avaliação adicional da primeira alternativa demonstrou significativo potencial para servir a usuários de vários modos de transporte, com grande impacto positivo sobre o modo a pé. Outra estratégia também testada foi a abertura de novos pontos de acesso para pedestres no campus. Estimou-se que sua implantação resultaria em uma redução de 20% nas distâncias de viagem a pé dos alunos. / The objective of this study was to investigate barriers, motivators and strategies with potential to promote sustainable mobility for graduate and undergraduate students, staff and faculty at the campus of the University of São Paulo at São Carlos. The method used to reach the objective had three steps: i. development of a data collection tool; ii. analysis of the data with the transtheoretical model of behavior change; iii. analysis of strategies aiming at sustainable mobility. The online questionnaire developed and applied for the study provided a robust and well-distributed response rate of the main users (25.5% of the total campus population). Considerable percentages of users in all groups investigated have declared that would eventually change to another travel mode. Among those who would change to sustainable modes, 27.1% would change to the walking mode, whereas 46.2% would change to the cycling mode. However, 13.6% of the respondents declared they would change to the automobile, what represents an additional demand of approximately 300 parking spaces in the campus. Regarding the barriers to the adoption of sustainable modes, owning a motorized vehicle was identified as the main obstacle (regardless of the mode to be adopted as an alternative). Two alternatives have been rated as the best strategies for promoting sustainable mobility in the studied context: the construction of cycling paths connecting the campus with the urban street network and parking facilities for bicycles within the campus. An additional evaluation of the first alternative has shown a significant potential to serve users of several transport modes, with a large positive impact on pedestrians. Another strategy also tested was the opening of new access points to pedestrians in the campus. This strategy could reduce the total walking distance travelled by the students in 20%.

Boström, Johanna & Fahlander, Ann. (2011). Friskvård på arbetsplatsen. En nulägesanalys på Fastighetsförvaltning AB (A workplace physical activity intervention. An analysis of the situation at Fastighetsförvaltning AB). Bachelor Essay in Swedish. Umeå: Umeå university, Department of Education. Abstract Physical inactivity has become a global problem and causes millions of deaths every year. Fastighetsförvaltning AB has decided to carry out a workplace physical activity intervention in order to make the employees more physically active. The objective of this survey is to provide the information needed to encourage the personnel to engage in physical activity. The study focused on to which extent the employees was ready to engage in physical activity, which factors that impact the employees’ participation in physical activities and which subjects the intervention should contain. This study was based on a questionnaire which was sent to the 53 employees of the company. The results show that 95 per cent of the employees are to some extent ready to engage in physical activity based on TTM. Lack of time is the most common barrier to physical activity and doing things they enjoy is what motivates the employees. The subject the employees are most interested to engage in is physical activity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the adequacy of the Stages of Change model in a group therapy treatment program for male batterers. The sample consisted of three groups with a total sample size of 22 participants. Data for this study were obtained by administering the Safe at Home Instrument and the Group Climate Questionnaire – Short Form. Results indicated the Safe at Home Instrument had limited clinical utility with involuntary male batterers. Independent of scoring method used, the majority of participants reached the action stage early in group treatment. Because the action stage is the highest stage attainable in this study, further growth was not measurable. The lack of variability in participants’ scores on the Safe at Home Instrument limits its clinical usefulness. Results from the Group Climate Questionnaire – Short Form indicate the groups did not progress according to a popular group development theory (MacKenzie & Livesley, 1983). The groups appear to enter the differentiation stage but do not successfully master the developmental issues needed to progress through the subsequent stages. The results from both instruments indicate that treatment groups with involuntary, male batterers did not progress as expected. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

L’insuffisance cardiaque (IC), une maladie chronique caractérisée par un mauvais fonctionnement du muscle cardiaque, entraîne des symptômes comme l’essoufflement, l’œdème et la fatigue. L’IC nécessite l’adoption de comportements d’auto-soins pour prévenir les épisodes de décompensation. Le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer l’intervention infirmière motivationnelle selon les stades de changements (MSSC) sur les comportements d’auto-soins chez des patients IC. Afin de guider l’intervention MSSC, la théorie spécifique aux auto-soins chez les patients IC de Riegel et Dickson (2008) a été retenue ainsi que le modèle d’intervention de Bédard et al. (2006) combinant le modèle transthéorique (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984) et l’entrevue motivationnelle (Miller & Rollnick, 2006). Il s’agit d’un devis expérimental randomisé (pré et post-test) avec groupe contrôle (N = 15/groupe). Les patients du groupe contrôle ont reçu les soins usuels et les patients du groupe intervention (GI) ont reçu l’intervention MSSC durant trois entretiens. Les mesures de résultats ont été collectées à un mois suite à la randomisation par une assistante de recherche aveugle à la randomisation. L’effet de l’intervention a été évalué par des analyses de covariance sur cinq mesures de résultats : la réalisation et la gestion (générale et spécifique à l’IC) des auto-soins, la confiance aux auto-soins (générale et spécifique à l’IC) et la conviction. L’acceptabilité et la faisabilité ont été évaluées. Les résultats indiquent un effet significatif sur la mesure de confiance à effectuer les auto-soins spécifiques à l’IC. La majorité des participants du GI ont progressé dans leurs stades de changement. Ces résultats soulignent le potentiel de cette approche pour favoriser l’adoption des auto-soins mais une étude à plus large échelle est proposée afin d’évaluer l’effet de cette approche dans un essai clinique randomisé. / Heart failure (HF) is characterized by the heart’s reduced capacity to pump, resulting in symptoms causing respiratory problems and reduced quality of life. HF patients are advised to adopt self-care behaviours to prevent frequent episodes of decompensation. While medication and behaviour change play a major role in maintaining physiological stability, patient adherence to self-care recommendations is not optimal. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate a Motivational Intervention following the Stages of Change (MISC) on HF patients’ self-care behaviours. To guide the MISC, the situation-specific theory of heart failure self-care (Riegel & Dickson, 2008) was retained as well as Bédard et al. (2006) model of intervention, a combination of Motivational interviewing (MI) (Miller & Rollnick, 2006) and Transtheoretical model (TTM) (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984). This was a randomized experimental pilot project (pre and post-test, with a control group) (n=15/group). Patients in the control group received usual care from the HF clinic while patients from the experimental group (EG) received 3 MISC interventions. Data were collected at one month post-randomization by a blinded research assistant. The effect of the intervention was assessed on five self-care outcomes using analysis of covariance models: self-care maintenance and management (general and specific to HF), confidence in self-care (general and specific to HF) and conviction. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed. Significant results were obtained regarding the confidence in performing self-care behaviours specific to HF. A majority of patient in the EG did progress in the stages of change. The results suggest that a MISC intervention has potential to improve self-care. A larger study is needed to evaluate the effects of the MISC intervention in a randomized controlled trial.

Maintaining independence is a primary reason that many older drivers continue to drive. Safety, however, is a growing concern for all older drivers. Numerous studies have noted that many older drivers lack an awareness of their driving abilities and driving safety issues for older adults. Identifying the awareness level of older drivers from a theoretical standpoint is important. The current educational interventions for older drivers show promising results and suggest that educational programs can impact older driver knowledge, self-reported awareness, and behaviours. However, rarely have older drivers with cognitive deficits been included. This research study fills a gap in the current literature regarding the utility of a theoretically-based intervention program to increase older driver awareness, improve attitudes towards driving, and increase behaviours around older driver safety. The purpose of this research study was to develop, pilot, and examine the effectiveness of a novel, theoretically based, in-class education program entitled “Safety Awareness for Elderly Drivers” (SAFE) for older drivers both with and without cognitive impairment. The SAFE education program was based on five relevant models/theories: 1) Driving as an Everyday Competence, 2) Hierarchical Awareness Theory, 3) Toglia & Kirk’s Awareness Model, 4) Theory of Planned Behaviour, and 5) Transtheoretical Model. A convenience sample of 47 current older drivers aged 70 years or older currently contemplating changing their driving behaviours and their passengers were recruited and randomly assigned. Participants in the intervention group received the group education session, while those in the treatment as usual control group received a copy of the Insurance Board of British Columbia’s “Roadsense for Driver’s” handbook. We measured general knowledge, awareness of individual driving abilities, attitudes, intention to change driving behaviours, driving behaviours, and readiness to change before, immediately after the intervention (intervention group only), and at 2-month follow-up. Results indicated that the “Safety Awareness for Elderly Drivers” education program was well received by older drivers. The education program demonstrated immediate impacts, such as increased knowledge of older driver safety issues (general level awareness), increased individual awareness, and some changes in attitude and intentions toward changing driving behaviours. Older drivers with mild cognitive impairment showed similar benefits from the education program. However, the program did not appear to be more effective than the review of a drivers handbook available though ICBC in follow-up, with most follow-up measures being similar to baseline. Implications of this research and further research suggestions for older drivers are discussed.