En ledares uppgift är bland annat att motivera och engagera sina medarbetare samt att utveckla ett välfungerande samarbete inom organisationen utifrån verksamhetens mål. Vid rekrytering av chefer eftersöks ofta egenskaper som stämmer överens med personer som har en mörk triad-personlighet (personer med psykopatiska, narcissistiska och/eller machiavellistiska drag). På en ledande position kan en sådan personlighet orsaka stor skada inom organisationen. Chefer med mörk triad-personlighet är svåra att upptäcka vid rekrytering då de ofta är karismatiska och övertygande och de kan relativt enkelt manipulera personlighetstester. Magisteruppsatsen implicerar en forskningsstudie om rekrytering av chefer i offentlig sektor där syftet var att studera ifall det inom offentlig sektor (tjänsteproduktion) i Sverige finns en betydande risk för att rekrytera chefer som faller under den mörka triaden, samt medvetenheten om den eventuella risken. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod i form av nio semi-strukturerade intervjuer samt inslag av observationer och texttolkning. Resultatet visade att det finns en viss risk för att rekrytera chefer med en mörk triad-personlighet, och risken verkar vara både metodologisk och kunskapsmässig. Risken beror dels på att det hos flertalet intervjupersoner fanns en viss avsaknad av riskmedvetenhet när det kommer till rekrytering av chefer som besitter vissa egenskaper, samt att flertalet intervjupersoner har en stor tilltro till icke evidensbaserade tester vilka ledare som faller under den mörka triaden tenderar att ta sig igenom. En av slutsatserna som går att dra är att ju lägre samt äldre utbildning personen har desto mer eftersöks egenskaper som faller under den mörka triaden och desto lägre tenderar riskmedvetenheten att vara. Ytterligare en slutsats som går att dra är att det inom offentlig sektor i Sverige till viss del verkar saknas rekryteringstester som inbegriper emotionell intelligens, något som enligt forskning kan ge ett visst skydd mot att rekrytera chefer med mörk triad-personlighet. Resultatet kan tänkas bidra med kunskap om riskerna för att inom offentlig sektor rekrytera en chef med mörk triad-personlighet så att ytterligare tillvägagångssätt inom rekrytering kan användas för att minimera risken för att rekrytera chefer med denna personlighetstyp. Resultatet kan även ses som en bidragande del till forskningsfältet där detta område i Sverige fortfarande är relativt outforskat, särskilt inom offentlig sektor. / A manager's job is to engage and motivate the employees, and to develop a well-functioning collaboration based on the objectives of the business. When recruiting managers, traits that overlap with people with a dark triad-personality (people with psychopatic, narcissistic and/or Machiavallian traits) are often sought, and having a leader with such a personality can cause organizations great harm. It is difficult to detect managers with a dark triad personality in recruitment as they often are both charismatic and persuasive, and they can easily manipulate a personality test. The master´s thesis involves a study on the recruitment of managers in the public sector. The aim was to study whether there in the public sector in Sweden is a significant risk and awareness of the possible risk of recruiting managers who fall under the dark triad. As a method for the study, a qualitative method was chosen in the form of nine semi-structured interviews, with some elements of observation and text interpretation. The results revealed that there is a certain risk of recruiting managers with a dark triad-personality. This risk seems to be both methodological and knowledge-based, and is partly due to the fact that there was a certain lack of risk awareness among the majority of interviewees when it comes to recruiting managers who possess certain characteristics, and that the majority of interviewees put great faith in non-evidence based tests which managers with a dark triad-personality tend to pass. One of the conclusions of the study was that recruiters with lower and/or an old education tended to seek more after characteristics that are synonymous with the dark triad, and they were also less aware of the risks of doing so. Another conclusion that can be drawn is that in the public sector in Sweden there seems to be a lack of recruitment tests that include emotional intelligence, something that according to research can provide some protection against recruiting managers with a dark triad-personality. The results may contribute with knowledge about the risks of recruiting a manager with dark triad-personality in the public sector, so that additional approaches in recruitment can be used to minimize the risk of recruiting a manager with a dark triad-personality. The result can also be seen as a contributing part to the research field as this area in Sweden still is relatively unexplored.

Depression is an increasingly common health problem among youth. There is growing empirical evidence that CBT is a promising treatment for childhood depression. It remains unclear what treatment-specific effects of CBT contribute to therapeutic gains. Cognitive theories propose that a primary mechanism of change in CBT are cognitive interventions that target depressogenic cognitions regarding the self, world, and future (cognitive triad), which are thought to mediate depression. The effects of cognitive interventions on depressive symptoms are thus hypothesized to be mediated by changes in the cognitive triad. No studies have investigated whether CBT for depressed youth works by treating the cognitive triad through the implementation of cognitive techniques. As part of a larger study analyzing the mechanisms of change in CBT for depressed youth, the purpose of this study was to investigate: (1) whether specific cognitive techniques are related to depressive symptom reduction in youth, and (2) if improvements in depressive symptoms are mediated through the cognitive triad of depressed youth. Participants were 42 girls, aged 8 to 14, who completed a manualized CBT protocol for depression in group format. Girls completed a diagnostic interview for depression and self-report measures assessing the cognitive triad. Group therapy sessions were coded for cognitive interventions. Results indicated a non-significant relation between levels of cognitive interventions and post-treatment depression scores, after controlling for pre-treatment depression. Therefore, tests of mediation were discontinued. Relevant control variables were added to the model to reduce error variance. After controlling for pre-treatment depression, age, presence of learning disorder, mastery of therapeutic skills, and behavioral interventions, cognitive interventions were significantly and positively associated with post-treatment depression. The relation between cognitive interventions and the cognitive triad was non-significant and meditational analyses were discontinued. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four cognitive interventions factors that were consistent with CBT theory. Further analyses revealed that all factors were not significantly related to post-treatment depression. Tests of interactions between cognitive interventions and behavioral interventions, age, and mastery level of therapeutic skills were also non-significant. Implications, limitations, and recommendations for further areas of research are presented. / text

本篇論文企圖運用三種不同之理論架構分別來詮釋詹涅特•溫特森（Jeanette Winterson）的第二本小說《激情》（The Passion）。小說中的兩位敘述者，亨利（Henri）與薇菈妮爾（Villanelle）各自在不同的城市□（Paris and Venice）遭受當權者的操縱與剝削，因此下定決心脫離宰制的空間，進而在逃亡的過程中彼此相識。不過由於諸多的因素，這對無緣的戀人終究以悲劇收場，分別在不同的空間□尋找自我生存的意義。論文第二章以克麗絲蒂娃（Julia Kristeva）的理論為基礎，探討小說人物的主體性如何受到兩種空間（the semiotic and the symbolic）的相互拉扯，而呈現出不穩定的狀態。第三章運用布希亞（Jean Baudrillard）所提出的擬像（simulation）與內爆（implosion）等觀念，分析小說人物如何在真實界與擬像界中來回擺盪。第四章從列菲弗爾（Henri Lefebvre）的空間概念為出發點，透過三種空間（spatial practice, representations of space, and representational spaces）的交互辯證關係，一方面挑戰傳統二分法的制式化對立，一方面藉由檢視小說人物與城市空間的互動，賦予空間議題某種顛覆傳統的可能性。最後在論文的結論部分，首先歸納出三位理論家一致的共通性—空間共生與空間擺盪，並以此做為貫穿理論架構與小說文本的中心概念，希冀將小說《激情》做更全面的詮釋與研究。 / This thesis aims to interpret Jeanette Winterson’s The Passion through three different theoretical frameworks, including Julia Kristeva’s feminism, Jean Baudrillard’s postmodernism, and Henri Lefebvre’s spatial theory. Interwoven with two narrators, The Passion describes the ill-starred lovers, Henri and Villanelle, both of whom undergo a series of manipulations and exploitations from those-in-power in Paris and Venice respectively, later determine to escape, and encounter each other in Russia unexpectedly. On account of the radical differences in personality and preference, this romantic story of Henri and Villanelle ends up with the permanent separation in two diverse spaces where both protagonists eventually feel the sense of belonging. Accordingly, this thesis pays much attention to the function of space in the novel, which is conducive to the dissection of Winterson’s characters and which becomes a crucial perspective penetrating these three theorists’ assertions. In Chapter Two, The Passion is first scrutinized in terms of Kristeva’s theory, particularly from the viewpoint of the semiotic and symbolic spaces, between which the subjectivity of the characters ineluctably oscillates. Chapter Three applies the operation of simulation and implosion within Baudrillard’s spectrum as the groundwork to elaborate The Passion, in which the characters again are entrapped in the oscillation of the real and simulated spaces. In Chapter Four, the focus is laid on the elucidation of how Lefebvre’s spatial trialectics, namely, spatial practice, representations of space, and representational spaces, interact with each other in the world of the novel. This dialectical relation of oscillation between the spatial triad not only challenges the oppositional rigidity of the traditional dichotomy but implies a possibility of subversion against the dominant space as well. Finally in the last chapter, I attempt to deduce the interrelation from three theorists in the scope of the novel, concluding my thesis with the concept—spatial symbiosis and spatial oscillation—as the major one probing into these four littérateurs of different fields.

Dans la religion égyptienne ancienne, l'association de trois divinités pour former une triade locale est répandue. Composées de deux dieux (le père et le fils) et d'une déesse (la mère), ces triades forment un schéma "familial", à l'image de la triade constituée d'Osiris, D'Isis et d'Horus. Parallèlement à ces triades "classiques", il existe des groupes divins plus inhabituels avec comme particularité d'avoir pour troisième membre une déesse et non un dieu, sans que celle-ci soit une déesse enfant ; ce sont les groupes gravés dans des scènes d'offrande qui ont été étudiés. Quel peut être alors le sens à donner à la présence de ces deux déesses ? Quelles relations entretiennent les divinités entre elles ? Plusieurs types de structure sont mis en lumière dans le cadre de cette étude. Si certains groupes sont un simple regroupement d'un dieu avec deux parèdres locales, d'autres réflexions, plus abouties encore, soulignent la volonté des théologiens de décrire des idées complexes de la pensée égyptienne. La triade d'Eléphantine (Khnoum, Satis et Anoukis) est probablement l'exemple le plus clair de ce type d'organisation théologique : les trois divinités de la région contrôlent la crue du Nil. Le dieu contrôle l'inondation et est aidé par les deux déesses : la première lance les eaux de l'inondation tandis que la seconde provoque le reflux. Dans plusieurs groupes, les théologiens ont réparti sur deux déesses deux fonctions complémentaires qui s'additionnent pour aider dans sa tâche le dieu principal. La complémentarité des rôles féminins n'est qu'un des nombreux outils utilisés par les prêtres pour se représenter et illustrer plus clairement l'univers qui les entoure. / In Egyptian theology, the association of three deities in order to create a local triad is widely spread. Gathering two gods (the father and the son) and one goddess (the mother), this triad then defines a divine family, as the well-known triad of Osiris, Isis and Horus. More rare groups are structured as one god and two goddesses, a second goddess (who is never the daughter) replacing the divine child. In this work, we focus on groups that are represented on offering scenes carved in various Egyptian temples. What could explain the presence of these two goddesses in those scenes ? How are the relationship between the deities structured ? Different organisations of these groups are analysed in this study. part of these groups represents the association of a main god with two local goddesses. Others try to represent more elaborate cosmological principles. The triad of Elephantine (Khnum, Satet and Anuket) is a relevant example : the three deities control the flood of the Nile. the god commands the inundation and is helped by two goddesses ; one initiating the flow while the other one initiates the ebb. In several triads, the goddesses have complementary functions and assist the god in his task. The addition of the goddesses' functions is only one of the numerous tools used by theologians to describe their universe.

No description available.

Experimentos em mesocosmos, por se tratarem de estudos in-situ, possibilitam extrapolar para o campo, investigações realizadas em menor escala, com maior seguridade. Em fevereiro de 2002, foram instalados às margens da represa do Lobo (22º15\'S e 47º49\'W) nove mesocosmos, construídos com plástico (PVC) em forma de hexágono com 2 metros de altura, com fundo aberto em contato com o sedimento e volume variando entre 4,5 e 5,1 m3, em função da declividade do terreno. De acordo com a resolução 20/86 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente, as concentrações máximas permitidas para os metais cobre (0,02 mg/L) e cromo (0,5 mg/L) em corpos d\'água Classe 2 foram adicionadas aos mesocosmos, originando-se triplicatas, adotando-se outros três mesocosmos como controles. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar as possíveis alterações no ambiente sedimento, particularmente o enriquecimento e a indução de toxicidade, em função da adição dos metais mencionados. Para tanto, amostras foram coletadas através de dragas e testemunhos nos tempos 0 dia (antes da contaminação), 10 dias, 20 dias e 30 dias após a contaminação (final do experimento). Em seguida, as amostras foram preparadas e submetidas às análises físicas e químicas, caracterização da macrofauna bentônica e diversos ensaios toxicológicos. A partir dos dados gerados, efetuou-se o estudo integrativo da tríade de qualidade de sedimentos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram um discreto aumento na concentração total dos metais cobre e cromo nos sedimentos dos mesocosmos contaminados em comparação aos controles, sendo verificada diminuição na abundância de organismos bentônicos e efeitos tóxicos sobre os organismos-teste submetidos a estes sedimentos. As respostas da tríade foram essenciais para a caracterização da qualidade dos sedimentos dos mesocosmos controle em relação aos dos mesocosmos contaminados. / In-situ mesocosms experiments allow the extrapolation of laboratory data to the field with high reliability. In the present study, nine hexagonal PVC mesocosms with 2 m height and 4.5 to 5.1 m3 volume were installed in contact with the sediment near the Lobo reservoir dam (22º15\'S e 47º49\'W) in february of 2002. In accordance with the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) 20/86 resolution for Class 2 water bodies, the maximum allowed concentrations of copper (0,02 mg/L) and chromium (0,5 mg/L) were added to the mesocosms (triplicate), and three other ones were used as controls. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible changes in the sediment environment, particularly the enrichment and induction of toxicity, by the contamination of these metals. The sediment was sampled by means of Eckman-Birge and core samplers on the 0 (before the contamination), 10th, 20th and 30th days (end of the experiment). Afterwards, physical and chemical analyses, benthic macrofauna characterization and several toxicity assays were conducted with the samples. In order to better evaluate these results, the sediments quality triad was considered. A discrete increase in the total concentration of copper and chromium was observed in the sediments of the contaminated mesocosms when compared to the controls, as well as a reduction in the abundance of benthic organisms and toxic effects over the organisms tested with these sediments. The triad responses were essential for quality characterization of the control mesocosms sediments in comparison with the contaminated ones.

2-Cys Prx compõem um grupo de enzimas antioxidantes homodiméricas que atuam na decomposição de hidroperóxidos utilizando uma cisteína reativa (cisteína peroxidásica - CysP). A alta reatividade da CysP é alcançada com o envolvimento de dois aminoácidos vicinais à CysP: uma treonina e uma arginina, que constituem a tríade catalítica. Após a decomposição do hidroperóxido, a CysP forma um dissulfeto intermolecular com um segundo resíduo de cisteína (cisteína de resolução - CysR), o qual é reduzido pela tiorredoxina (Trx). Durante o ciclo redox, estas enzimas sofrem alterações estruturais, mas os mecanismos envolvidos neste processo eram pouco compreendidos. Neste trabalho foi obtida a estrutura cristalográfica de Tsa1 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, uma 2-Cys Prx. Através de abordagens envolvendo bioquímica e biologia molecular, foi verificada a importância de aminoácidos envolvidos na reatividade e em transições da estrutura terciária e quaternária. Por fim, foram realizados esforços para a determinação da estrutura cristalográfica de mutantes obtidos neste trabalho. / 2-Cys Prx constitute a group of homodimeric antioxidant enzymes that act in the decomposition of hydroperoxides using a reactive cysteine (peroxidase cysteine - CysP). The high reactivity of the CysP is achieved by the participation of two vicinal amino acids: a threonine and an arginine, which constitute the catalytic triad. After the decomposition of hydroperoxide, the CysP forms an intermolecular disulfide with a second cysteine residue (resolving cysteine - CysR), which is reduced by the thioredoxin (Trx). During the redox cycle, these enzymes undergo to changes in the structure, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process were poorly understood. In this study we have obtained the crystallographic structure of the 2-Cys Prx enzyme Tsa1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By means of biochemical and molecular biology approaches, the importance of amino acids involved in reactivity and structural transitions were determined. Finally, efforts have been performed to the determination of the crystallographic structures of mutant proteins obtained in this study.

Os efluentes de fábricas de celulose são conhecidos por apresentarem uma ampla gama de compostos químicos naturais e antropogênicos, que possuem potencial inibidor e estimulador à biota. Muitos destes podem se agregar ao sedimento e causar efeitos agudos ou crônicos aos organismos. Diversos estudos têm sido realizados para se avaliar a qualidade ambiental do corpo receptor adjacente às fábricas de celulose, entretanto a maioria destes são avaliados de forma isolada, o que dificulta a identificação das áreas realmente afetadas pelo efluente. A abordagem TQS (Tríade de Qualidade dos Sedimentos) integra análises químicas do sedimento, testes de toxicidade e ecologia do bentos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade dos sedimentos no entorno do emissário de uma fábrica de celulose, através da abordagem TQS. Foram feitas 4 amostragens, em julho e dezembro de 2001 e 2002. O sedimento foi coletado em 9 estações de amostragem, sendo 6 ao redor do emissário da fábrica e 3 afastadas do mesmo (referência). Foram realizadas análises químicas (metais pesados, ácidos graxos, beta sitosterol, EOX, PCBs, N, C, etc.) do sedimento, testes de toxicidade da água intersticial (MICROTOX® e ouriço Echinometra lucunter) e sedimento (anfípodo Tiburonella viscana) e análise da estrutura da comunidade do zoobentos. A análise integrada dos dados da tríade mostrou uma baixa influência do efluente da fábrica na estação de coleta mais próxima do emissário (5) e em duas estações ao sul do mesmo (3 e 7A). A Estação 5 apresentou evidências químicas e toxicológicas de degradação, enquanto que as Estações 3 e 7A apresentaram evidências químicas. / Effluents from pulp mills are known to contain a large number of chemicals that have inhibitory and stimulatory effects on aquatic biota. Many contaminants may adsorb to sediment and cause acute or chronic effects to sediment-dwelling organisms. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the environmental quality of the receiving body adjacent to a pulp mill (Brazil) outfall. However, most of them were conducted separately, making it difficult to identify the real affected area. The SQT (Sediment Quality Triad) approach integrates chemical analyses of the sediment, toxicity tests and benthic ecology. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the sediment quality around the outfall of a pulp mill by use of the SQT approach. Samples were collected seasonally over two years, in July and December of 2001 and 2002. The sediment was collected at nine sampling stations, six of them around the outfall and three reference stations located far from the outfall. Several chemical analyses were made (heavy metals, fatty acids, beta sitosterol, EOX, PCBs, N, C) in the sediment, toxicity tests were done with pore water (MICROTOX® and the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter early life stage tests) and sediment (amphipod Tiburonella viscana), and analyses of the structure of the zoobenthic community were performed. The integrated analysis of the SQT data showed some influence, although low, of the effluent on the sampling station closest to the outfall (station 5) and on two stations to the south of the outfall (stations 3 and 7A). Station 5 exhibited evidence of toxicological effects, and stations 5, 3 and 7A exhibited slightly elevated concentrations of chemicals relative to the reference stations.

abstract: There has been an ongoing debate between the relative deterrent power of certainty and severity on deceptive and criminal activity, certainty being the likelihood of capture and severity being the magnitude of the potential punishment. This paper is a review of the current body of research regarding risk assessment and deception in games, specifically regarding certainty and severity. The topics of game theoretical foundations, balance, and design were covered, as were heuristics and individual differences in deceptive behavior. Using this background knowledge, this study implemented a methodology through which the risk assessments of certainty and severity can be compared behaviorally in a repeated conflict context. It was found that certainty had a significant effect on a person’s likelihood to lie, while severity did not. Exploratory data was collected using the dark triad personality quiz, though it did not ultimately show a pattern. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Human Systems Engineering 2019

Physically active females, or female athletes, are at risk for the condition knownas the female athlete triad (Triad). The Triad is made up of three components that are distinctly separate, but intertwined: consuming inadequate energy for how much they are exercising, poor bone health, and problems with their menstrual periods. When female athletes don’t consume enough energy for how much they exercise, there can be hormonal imbalances, causing the body to conserve energy from some important functions including menstruation, and increased bone turnover resulting in a higher risk of stress fractures and early osteoporosis. Female athletes at risk for the Triad have ahigher risk of being injured, and don’t have the energy that they need to perform physically. To combat the Triad, we performed assessments to see how many female athletes were at risk for the Triad in Division I female athletes, and were surprised at the high number that were at risk for the Triad. We provided nutrition information and interventions aimed to decrease female athlete’s risk for the Triad. We also developed anew, quick method for female athletes, or busy individuals, to track their diet using the video feature on their cell phones. The benefits of providing nutrition information to the female athletes included: increasing their knowledge about the Triad, and things that they could do to prevent the Triad. The interventions did cause behavior change in some female athletes to increase how much energy they were consuming, decreasing their risk for the Triad.