Avsikten med detta examensarbete är att identifiera, beskriva och förstå företeelser och processer som är en del av den muntliga matematiska kommunikationen mellan lärare och elev i klassrummet. För att uppnå detta har observationer som metod använts och dessa har gjorts i årskurs två och fem. Undersökningen gjordes utifrån två undervisningstyper, helklassundervisning och bänkundervisning. Resultatet visar att vid dessa undervisningstyper är kommunikationen till stor del av lotsande och sluten karaktär. Det vill säga att läraren leder eleven mot svaret genom mer och mer avgränsande frågor respektive att läraren använder frågor som det finns ett, och endast ett rätt svar till. Denna verbala kommunikation uppmuntrar inte eleverna till att vidga sina matematiska begrepp.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur medial kritik påverkar affärsrelationer i en triadiskkontext. Detta undersöktes genom fyra fallstudier där ett matleveransföretag agerar somleverantör, en restaurang som köpare och en slutanvändare som konsument. Resultaten visaratt de undersökta affärsrelationerna uppvisar motståndskraft mot en yttre händelses påverkan.Ingen av de fyra fallstudierna har avslutat relationen på grund av den mediala kritiken, vilketinnebär att inga radikala förändringar har skett till följd av kritiken. Det har dock observeratsatt två restauranger har fått ett minskat förtroende för matleveransföretaget till följd av denmediala kritiken, vilket indikerar att en inkrementell förändring har skett. Studien föreslår attnär det finns ett resursutbyte mellan aktörerna visar detta på en hög motståndskraft gentemotförändringar till följd av medial kritik. Detta eftersom de fyra affärsrelationerna alla visade påett ömsesidigt beroende gentemot varandra som kvarstår även efter att den mediala kritikeninträffat.

This thesis outlines an orbit determination and 3-axis attitude determination system for use on orbit as applicable to 1U CubeSats and other picosatellites. The constraints imposed by the CubeSat form factor led to the need for a simple configuration and relaxed accuracy requirements. To design a system within the tight mass, volume, and power constraints inherent to CubeSats, a balance between hardware complexity, software complexity and accuracy is sought. The proposed solution consists of a simple orbit propagator, magnetometers with a magnetic field look-up table, Sun sensors with an analytic Sun direction model, and the TRIAD method to combine vector observations into attitude information. The orbit propagator is a simple model of a circular trajectory with several frequently updated parameters and can provide orbital position data with average and maximum errors—when compared to SGP4—of less than 3.7km and 10.7km for 14 days. The magnetic field look up table provides useful information from a small memory footprint; only 480 data points provide a mean error of approximately 0.2° and a maximum error of approximately 2°—when compared to the IGRF model. The Sun’s direction is modeled, and as expected, can be modeled simply and accurately. Combining the magnetic field and Sun direction models with inaccurate sensors and the TRIAD method results in useful attitude information from a very simple system. A system with Sun sensor error standard deviation of 1° and magnetometer error standard deviation of 5° yields results with average error of only 2.74°, and 99% of the errors in this case are less than approximately 13°. The system outlined provides crude attitude determination with software and hardware requirements that are well within the capabilities of current 1U CubeSats—something that many other systems, such as Kalman filters or star trackers, cannot do. It also provides an excellent starting point for future ADCS systems, which will significantly increase the ability of CubeSats.

In five studies (total N = 1300) we developed and validated a Polish version of the Dirty Dozen measure (DTDD-P) that measures the three traits of the Dark Triad, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. We detail the presence and stability of a bifactor structure of the 12 items and present evidence for good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. We examine the nomological network surrounding the Dark Triad and show that both the Dark Triad total score and the subscales have acceptable validity. We also present evidence on the Dark Triad and moral behavior. Dark Triad predicts utilitarian moral choice (e.g., approval for sacrificing somebody's life for the sake of saving others) and this link is mediated by low empathic concern. In total, our results suggest that the Polish Dirty Dozen—Parszywa Dwunastka—is valid, stable, and useful for the study of lingering puzzles in the literature.

Объектом исследования явилось переживание одиночества. Предметом исследования стали взаимосвязь одиночества с чертами темной триады и психологическим благополучием личности. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, выводов по главам, заключения, списка использованной литературы и приложения, включающего в себя сводную таблицу данных эмпирического исследования. Объем магистерской диссертации 81 страница, на которых размещены 5 рисунков и 6 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы, посвященной феноменам одиночества, психологического благополучия и личностных черт темной триады. Представлен раздел, посвященный исследованиям взаимосвязи этих феноменов. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных с использованием методик: дифференциальный опросник переживания одиночества А.Н. Леонтьева, Е.Н. Осина; шкалы психологического благополучия К. Рифф; опросник черт Тёмной триады. Также в главе представлены описательный, сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. Установлено, что переживание одиночества взаимосвязано с психологическим благополучием и чертами темной триады, причем эти взаимосвязи имеют различную структуру у мужчин и женщин. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам и обоснована практическая значимость исследования. / The object of the study was loneliness. The subject of the study was the connection of loneliness with the dark triad and psychological well-being. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusions by chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and an appendix, which includes a table of empirical research data. The volume of the master's thesis is 81 pages, on which 5 figures and 6 tables are placed. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates hypotheses, specifies methods and empirical base, as well as practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the phenomena of loneliness, Dark Triad and psychological well-being. The section devoted to the studies of the relationship of these phenomena is presented. The conclusions of the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: The questionnaire of loneliness by A.N. Leontiev, E.N. Osin; Dark triad questionnaire; K. Riff’s scales of psychological well-being. The chapter also presents a descriptive, comparative and correlation analysis of the results of the study. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of an empirical study. It has been established that the experience of loneliness is interconnected with psychological well-being and features of the dark triad, and these relationships have a different structure in the samples of men and women. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated.

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Despite the existence of multiple scales designed to measure authoritarianism as a personality trait, current research disagrees as to whether current measures reliably measure all three dimensions of authoritarianism: submission, aggression, and traditionalism. This study focused on the development of a new scale in response to methodological and validity concerns of previously-used measures. This new scale was found to be a reliable measure of authoritarian belief in two subsequent studies of college-aged adults. Factor analysis of responses to the items of the new measure also provided evidence of the multidimensionality of authoritarianism as a construct. Further, significant correlations were found between the Graham and Haidt’s Moral Foundations model and the dimensions of authoritarianism as measured by this scale. Analysis also revealed a significant relationship between authoritarianism and measures of social hierarchical belief, as well as salient political variables. These findings reaffirm current theoretical belief in the tridimensional model of authoritarianism and provide a new, reliable measure of the authoritarian personality. This has implications for the creation of a more productive dialogue between politically-divided groups, though further research is needed on the exact nature of authoritarianism itself.

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