During the boreal cool season (December – February) extreme temperature regimes (ETRs), including cold air outbreaks (CAOs) and warm waves (WWs), affect regional economies and human safety via their significant impacts on energy consumption, local agriculture and human health. This work aims to improve our understanding of the trends and variability in ETRs, their physical connections to low frequency modes, and the dynamical mechanisms leading to ETR onset. Earlier studies on ETR trends and variability do not consider the last decade. Further, little is known about the physical and dynamical nature of ETR onset. These unknowns motivate this dissertation and are particularly important for WWs, which have rarely been studied. This study begins with an updated analysis of the long-term trends and interannual variability in ETRs. Even with the inclusion of the last decade, no significant trends in either WW or CAO occurrence are identified over the continental United States between 1949-2011. The accompanying correlation analysis reveals that on interannual time scales, ETRs in specific regions of the U.S. tend to be modulated by certain low frequency modes. This analysis highlights an important regional asymmetry in the low frequency mode modulation of ETRs, and also indicates that the influence of ENSO upon ATRs is mainly limited to a modest modulation of WWs over the southeast US. Further, a multiple linear regression analysis reveals that the regional collective influence of low-frequency modes accounts for as much as 50% of interannual ETR variability. A synoptic-dynamic characterization of ETR onset over the southeast US is then performed using composite time-evolution analyses of events occurring between 1949-2011 to provide a qualitative indication of the role of low frequency modes. During CAO (WW) onset, negative (positive) geopotential height anomalies are observed in the upper troposphere over the Southeast with oppositely-signed anomalies in the lower troposphere over the central US. In most cases, there is a surface east-west height anomaly dipole, with anomalous northerly (CAO) or southerly (WW) flow into the Southeast leading to cold or warm surface air temperature anomalies, respectively. Companion potential vorticity anomaly analyses reveal prominent features in the mid- to upper-troposphere consistent with the geopotential height anomaly patterns. The composite analyses reveal significant roles for both synoptic and large-scale disturbances in ETR development. Synoptic-scale disturbances serve as dynamic triggers for ETR events, while low-frequency modes can provide a favorable environment for ETR onset. A suite of diagnostic analyses is conducted next and aims to identify the primary thermodynamic processes and dynamical mechanisms responsible for ETR development over the Southeast US. Heat budget analyses implicate linear temperature advection as the primary contributor to ETR development, while nonlinear advection plays a smaller role. Both the linear and the nonlinear terms contribute positively to the temperature tendencies of interest, while the adiabatic and diabatic terms offset some of the advection contributions. Piecewise PV inversion analyses are then conducted to assess which dynamical features directly contribute to the local temperature changes that occur in association with ETRs. A novel result is the discovery of the potential pathway through which the low frequency mode modulation of ETRs takes place. An upper-tropospheric PV feature first induces near-surface temperature advection, which then creates a near-surface temperature anomaly and a corresponding circulation that further enhances the initial temperature advection and ultimately leads to the ETR event.

“Rewrite” is a photographic project that utilizes the domesstic space as a stage for emotional projection of a traumatic memory. The work considers the relationship that exists between an individual and the rooms and objects within a home space in an attempt at understanding an individual’s mental state. “Rewrite” explores the ways in which we exist through our home and how a juxtaposition of objects and materials can create meaning. The photographs are a visual interpretation of the emotions surrounding sexual abuse/assault/rape as they have related to my own personal history and conversations I have had with women close to me.

In this thesis, I focus on scalar implicatures, presuppositions and their connections. In chapter 2, I propose a scalar implicature-based account of neg-raising inferences, standardly analyzed as a presuppositional phenomenon (Gajewski 2005, 2007). I show that an approach based on scalar implicatures can straightforwardly account for the differences and similarities between neg-raising predicates and presuppositional triggers. In chapters 3 and 4, I extend this account to “soft” presuppositions, a class of presuppositions that are easily suspendable (Abusch 2002, 2010). I show how such account can explain the differences and similarities between this class of presuppositions and other presuppositions on the one hand, and scalar implicatures on the other. Furthermore, I discuss various consequences that it has with respect to the behavior of soft presuppositions in quantificational sentences, their interactions with scalar implicatures, and their effects on the licensing of negative polarity items. In chapter 5, I show that by looking at the interaction between presuppositions and scalar implicatures we can solve a notorious problem which arises with conditional sentences like (1) (Soames 1982, Karttunen and Peters 1979). The main issue with (1) is that it is intuitively not presuppositional and this is not predicted by any major theory of presupposition projection. (1) I’ll go, if you go too. Finally, I explore in more detail the question of which alternatives should we consider in the computation of scalar implicatures (chapter 6). Traditionally, the answer has been to consider the subset of logically stronger alternatives than the assertion. Recently, however, arguments have been put forward in the literature for including also logically independent alternatives. I support this move by presenting some novel arguments in its favor and I show that while allowing new alternatives makes the right predictions in various cases, it also causes an under- and an over-generation problem. I propose a solution to each problem, based on a novel recursive algorithm for checking which alternatives are to be considered in the computation of scalar implicatures and the role of focus (Rooth 1992, Fox and Katzir 2011). / Linguistics

Service Oriented Virtual Organizations (SOVOs) business processes and services are subject to change to meet the internal and external requirements of the competitive, complex and rapidly changing environment they operate in. More practical and efficient ways of change management are needed to allow different partners to initiate changes to their business process and services in a faster and user-transparent manner. This thesis proposes a Change Management Framework for service oriented virtual organizations including a structural and a procedural framework. The structural framework categorizes changes in the SOVO into three layers of change; which include the value network layer, the collaborative process layer and the service providers’ layer, and identifies the impact of change on each layer. Furthermore, the structural framework identifies various triggers of changes which eventually lead to actions taken at the three layers. The change management procedural framework is derived from the ITIL V3, ECM and ECOLEAD best practices and recommendations, customized to fit the SOVO change requirements. It provides different components including the six layers for change processes, change control, change actors and related management processes. The change management procedural framework provides a sequence of steps and methods that the SOVO and its participated organizations can follow in initiating changes to their business processes or services. We design an implementation architecture and a prototype for building the change management console which enables the SOVO change management participants to initiate, assess, collaborate, monitor and authorize changes. The prototype is developed to realize and validate the change management process of change in the SOVO environment. We employ the various capabilities of the IBM Business Process Management (BPM) (including its recent Web 2.0 capabilities) to increase the collaboration between partners in the process of change. We demonstrate that the proposed solutions facilitate and enhance the process of change by effectively engaging the SOVO partners in the process of change.

At the time this study was conducted, Queensland police officers were offered a five year age range in which retirement was possible. These officers were permitted to retire from age 55 and were forced to retire at age 60. The Queensland Police Service had previously identified that only 13% of all police officers were staying in their employment until the mandatory retirement age of 60. Retirement of these officers at the earliest possible opportunity presented a considerable loss of human resource investment. This study was undertaken to investigate some possible triggers influencing the decision to retire. Three specific research questions associated with the retirement intentions of Queensland police officers of the baby-boomer generation were formulated and subsequently investigated. These questions were: * How do the demographic characteristics of individual police officers relate to their retirement intentions? * What are the triggers that are associated with the retirement age intentions of baby-boomer police officers in Queensland? and, * How are these triggers associated with officers' intentions to retire earlier or later? While considerable work had been previously done on retirement triggers, the issue of police retirement triggers is under-researched. The situation was further compounded by the fact that the major study of police retirement was American, with retirement in that system based on years of service, and not age as in Australia. A list of possible retirement triggers was compiled from the literature and then focus groups of Queensland police officers were used to discuss some aspects of these possible retirement triggers and generate others that were specific to the Queensland Police Service. The study obtained the views of 641 members of the cohort through a questionnaire and utilised a quantitative research methodology to achieve findings. Demographic aspects showed little overall influence on an officer's retirement age decision. The demographic items that did have a direct association with retirement intentions were gender, length of service, and the method of admission to the organisation. Female officers, officers with the greatest length of service and those admitted to the organisation as Cadets were more likely to seek earlier retirement, that is retirement at or soon after age fifty-five. Whilst not conclusive, the education level of the individual indicated a trend towards later retirement for those with higher levels of education. Importantly, operational status, shift worker status, rank, and qualification for promotion had no association with the retirement decision. A factor analysis of the questionnaire items used in the study identified five factors, of which four contributed significantly to a police officer's retirement timing decision at the later end of the retirement window spectrum. These factors were 'appropriateness', 'worth and belonging', 'influences and relationships' and 'financial' issues. A fifth factor 'flexibility' was also determined but found to have no statistical significance. Three recommendations were made from this study: the formation of a Queensland Police Service alumni; the adoption of a n employment re-engagement policy called 'procruiting'; and the introduction of an assisted retirement education package for exiting members.

This master’s thesis aims to identify triggers for innovation and creativity both from theory and from practise in the context of an automotive manufacturing company. The identified triggers are then re-interpreted and used to design prototypes which aim to visualise, support, and stimulate incremental innovation. Through a design process, the prototypes are co-designed together with a group of participants from the automotive manufacturing company to explore and understand how to create prototypes that are relevant to the context. The result indicates that the prototypes do not only visualise, support, and stimulate incremental innovation but that they can also function as a foundation for radically design and develop new approaches to work; such as incorporating design thinking and a more diverse, inclusive, and creative approach to idea generation. Ultimately, the prototypes can be incentives for changing the organisation in the way the employees work and approach tasks, but the employees must learn how to use the prototypes to utilize them in the most efficient way. / Den här mastersuppsatsen har som mål att identifiera triggers av innovation och kreativitet, både hämtade ur teorin men också praktiken inom fordonstillverkningskontexten. Dessa triggers används sedan i designprocessen för att designa prototyper för ändamålet att visualisera, stötta och stimulera inkrementell innovation. Designprocessen involverar co-design tillsammans med en grupp från företaget för att utforska och bättre förstå hur vi kunnat skapa prototyper som är relevanta för kontexten. Resultatet indikerar att prototyperna inte enbart visualiserar, stöttar och stimulerar inkrementell innovation utan också kan fungera som en grund att designa och utveckla nya, radikala tillvägagångssätt att arbeta på inom organisationen; exempelvis genom att införliva design thinking och i högre grad mångfaldiga, inkluderade och kreativa sätt att ta sig an ide generering. Prototyperna kan vara drivsporrar till att förändra organisationen i det sätt de anställda arbetar på och tar sig an uppgifter men de anställda måste lära sig att använda prototyperna för att kunna dra nytta av dem på bästa sätt.

Good communication is an important factor for a firm to think about when wanting to engage their consumers. Recently there has been an interest over the concept of consumer engagement within the context of social media by business practitioners. Social media today is used in most aspects of life and it is important to understand how to use it in order to enhance business strategies when approaching consumers. Consumer engagement has been defined through existing research in different ways, having no clear model for practitioners to follow when attempting to engage consumers. This is one of the main problems within existing research, as well as each focusing on different social media triggers. It is important to understand which triggers are more relevant when trying to attain consumer engagement. As well as bringing up the benefits that comes from utilizing such a concept. Research regarding consumer engagement within social media is required within a different context, in order to determine the triggers relevancy to the concept of engagement. Therefore, the purpose of this study is about attaining consumer engagement through the use of social media in the luxury fashion segment, which was done through the use of Brodie et al conceptual model of consumer engagement. The research that was conducted was of a quantitative nature, utilizing a cross-section research design. To gather primary data a questionnaire was created and distributed through social media, where 101 respondents out of a desired 90 were used for the analysis. The data gathered through the questionnaire was then analysed through the statistical program of SPSS, where descriptive statistics, a correlation analysis and a regression analysis were conducted. This was done in order to ensure the validity and reliability, as well as getting results to accept or rejected the presented hypotheses. The findings of this paper show that each of the five independent variables has a significant effect on the dependent variable of consumer engagement when tested on their own. However, when all the variables were tested together three out of the five hypotheses presented were rejected, these being the independent variables of co-developing, advocating and socializing. This does not mean that the variables for which hypotheses got rejected should be disregarded according to the results obtained from the regression analysis, according to the data gathered these triggers are still individually relevant to the attainment of consumer engagement within the luxury fashion segment via social media.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-20T11:59:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Doutorado_Raimundo Pereira da Silva-Néto.pdf: 12833897 bytes, checksum: 61d0b7e980e72887cfbdb059a1866d40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T11:59:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Doutorado_Raimundo Pereira da Silva-Néto.pdf: 12833897 bytes, checksum: 61d0b7e980e72887cfbdb059a1866d40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / Cefaleias primárias são decorrentes de disfunção cerebral e incluem migrânea, cefaleia do tipo tensional, cefaleias trigêmino-autonômicas e outras. Diversos fatores podem desencadear crises de cefaleia, mas os odores, especialmente o perfume, estão associados à migrânea. Objetivos: Caracterizar a estimulação olfatória como fator desencadeante de crises de cefaleia e de diferenciação entre migrânea e outras cefaleias primárias. Sujeitos e Métodos: O estudo foi prospectivo, experimental, randomizado com comparação de grupos, realizado no período de março a junho de 2015. Foram convidados 158 voluntários (73 homens e 85 mulheres) diagnosticados com cefaleias primárias, de acordo com os critérios da International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition (beta version) (ICHD-3β). O estudo foi realizado por dois examinadores; atribuiu-se ao primeiro, diagnosticar a presença e o tipo de cefaleia primária, enquanto o segundo foi responsável pela exposição dos voluntários ao odor e pelo registro dos efeitos dessa exposição. Resultados: Dos 158 voluntários com cefaleia, houve 72 (45,6%) casos de migrânea e 86 (54,4%) com outras cefaleias primárias. Dos 72 migranosos, 53 (73,6%) eram mulheres e 19 (26,4%), homens e dos 86 casos de outras cefaleias primárias, 32 (37,2%) eram mulheres e 54 (62,8%), homens. A idade dos voluntários com migrânea e com outras cefaleias primárias foi, respectivamente, 22,5±3,10 e 22,9±3,10 anos. Essas diferenças não foram significantes (tmédias=0,666; p=0,566). Nos dois grupos, houve diferença nas características da cefaleia (c2=4,132; p=0,046). O odor desencadeou cefaleia (25/72; 34,7%) e náusea (5/72; 6,9%) apenas nos voluntários com migrânea, correspondendo a 19,0% (30/158) da amostra e em nenhum com outras cefaleias primárias (χ²=43,78; p<0,001). A cefaleia ocorreu mais frequentemente associada à náusea (p=0,146) e de localização bilateral (p=0,002) nos migranosos que apresentaram cefaleia desencadeada por odor. A cefaleia foi desencadeada após 118,0±24,6 min e a náusea após 72,8±84,7 min da exposição ao odor. Conclusões: O odor desencadeou crises de cefaleia ou náusea apenas nos pacientes com migrânea. Portanto, cefaleia desencadeada por odores poderá ser considerada um fator de diferenciação entre migrânea e outras cefaleias primárias e esse gatilho parece muito específico da migrânea. / Primary headaches are due to brain dysfunction and include migraine, tension-type headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and others. Several factors can trigger headache attacks, but odors, especially perfume, are associated with migraine. Objectives: To characterize the olfactory stimulation as a trigger of headaches and differentiation of crises between migraine and other primary headaches. Subjects and Method: The study was prospective, experimental, randomized with comparison of groups and conducted from March to June 2015. One hundred fifty-eight volunteers (73 men and 85 women) were diagnosed with primary headaches, according to criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (beta version) (ICHD-3β). The study was conducted by two examiners and assigned to the first to diagnose the presence and type of primary headache, while the second was responsible for exposing the volunteers to odor and the recording the effects of this exposure. Results: Of the 158 volunteers with headache, there were 72 (45.6%) cases of migraine and 86 (54.4%) with other primary headaches. Of the 72 migraineurs, 53 (73.6%) were female and 19 (26.4%) male and 86 cases of other primary headaches, 32 (37.2%) were female and 54 (62.8%) male. The age of subjects with migraine and other primary headache was, respectively, 22.5 ± 3.10 and 22.9 ± 3.10 years. These differences were not significant (tmean=0.666; p=0.566). In both groups, there were differences in headache characteristics (c2=4.132; p=0.046). Headache attacks (25/72; 34.7%) and nausea (5/72; 6.9%) were triggered only in subjects with migraine, corresponding to 19.0% (30/158) of the sample, but in no with other primary headaches (χ²=43.78; p<0.001). Headache occurred more often associated with nausea (p=0.146) and bilateral location (p=0.002) in migraineurs who had headache triggered by odor. Headache was triggered after 118.0±24.6 min and nausea after 72.8±84.7 min of exposure to odor. Conclusions: The odor triggered headache attacks or nausea only in migraineurs. Therefore, headache triggered by odors may be considered a factor of differentiation between migraine and other primary headaches and this trigger seems very specific of migraine.

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-20T17:23:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza, Allan Carneiro de [Dissertação, 2015].pdf: 2987434 bytes, checksum: cd3bb476893926a0cd7cc71a5e7e25e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T17:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza, Allan Carneiro de [Dissertação, 2015].pdf: 2987434 bytes, checksum: cd3bb476893926a0cd7cc71a5e7e25e7 (MD5) / O uso seguro de medicamentos faz parte do Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente. A moderna assistência farmacêutica no ambiente hospitalar lidera os processos de farmacovigilância e de boas práticas, particularmente em relação aos medicamentos de alto risco. A varfarina é um medicamento de baixo custo utilizado na prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos, porém apresenta baixo índice terapêutico podendo ocasionar sérias complicações hemorrágicas, inclusive acarretar hospitalização, portanto um exemplo de medicamento de alto risco. É importante se conhecer a efetividade da vitamina K como rastreador de EA (eventos adversos) causados por varfarina para entendermos a magnitude deste problema no ambiente dos pacientes atendidos pelo SUS. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a utilidade do uso da vitamina K como rastreador de eventos adversos hemorrágicos (EAH) em dois centros hospitalares (Hospital Geral x Hospital Especializado em Cardiologia) que atendem pacientes do SUS. O estudo foi realizado em dois centros: um hospital público de referência em cardiologia localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Hospital E) e um hospital público geral e de emergência do município de Macaé (Hospital G). O método dos rastreadores ou trigger tools foi aplicado para análise retrospectiva da utilização da vitamina K (fitomenadiona) como rastreador de eventos adversos hemorrágicos causados por varfarina. As principais variáveis determinadas no estudo foram: rendimento da vitamina K em detectar eventos, classificação dos eventos adversos a medicamentos (EAM) quanto à causalidade através do algoritmo de Naranjo e quanto ao grau de dano. Outros indicadores calculados foram taxa de eventos adversos como causa de admissão hospitalar e tempo médio para análise dos prontuários que foi determinado apenas no Hospital G. O uso da vitamina K foi avaliado em 46 prontuários no Hospital E e 54 prontuários no Hospital G. No Hospital G dois pacientes sofreram sangramentos pelo uso de varfarina, resultando assim em um rendimento de 3,7% (2/54) na capacidade da vitamina K em detectar eventos adversos hemorrágicos, bem inferior ao rendimento deste rastreador encontrado no Hospital E que foi de 30,4% (14/46). Na análise da causalidade dos danos hemorrágicos, todos os eventos adversos, identificados em ambos os hospitais foram classificados como prováveis após a aplicação do algoritmo de Naranjo. Grande parte dos EA identificados nos dois centros foram classificados como H, onde houve necessidade de medidas de suporte à vida como infusão de plasma e ou hemácias. No Hospital E a idade média dos pacientes que sofreram EA hemorrágicos foi 57,4 anos (dp=15,2). Em relação ao estudo realizado no Hospital G, os dois pacientes que apresentaram EAH tinham idade superior a 70 anos. No Hospital E, em 50% (7/14) dos pacientes, a hemorragia foi a causa da internação. Enquanto no Hospital G os dois pacientes que sofreram EAH por varfarina foram internados devido a ocorrência do sangramento. No estudo realizado no Hospital E treze pacientes que sofreram EAH tinham RNI ≥ 6. O odds ratio (od) de EAH com RNI ≥ 6 foi de 24,9. No estudo do Hospital G não foi possível calcular o odds ratio, pois raramente havia registro dos valores de RNI. Conclusão. No Hospital G o uso da vitamina K como rastreador esteve pouco associado a eventos adversos hemorrágicos por varfarina. Enquanto no hospital cardiológico foi observada elevada associação / The safe use of medicaments is part of the Brazilian Patient Safety Programme. Modern pharmaceutical care in the hospital domain is the chief item in the processes of pharmacovigilance and good practices, particularly as regards high-risk medications. Warfarin is a low-cost medication used in the prevention of thromboembolic events, but has a low therapeutic index, and may cause severe haemorrhagic complications, including the need for hospitalisation, being therefore a high-risk medication. Knowing how effective vitamin K, as a trigger of haemorrhage Adverse Events (AEs) caused by warfarin, is important to understand the magnitude of the problem in the realm of the patients of the SUS (Brazilian Health System). The objective of this study was to compare the usefulness of the use of Vitamin K as a trigger of adverse haemorrhage events in two hospital centres (General Hospital vs a Cardiology Specialist Hospital) that care for SUS patients. The study was undertaken in two centres: a public Cardiology reference hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro (Hospital E) and a public general and emergency hospital in the city of Macaé (Hospital G). The trigger tools method was applied in a retrospective analysis of the use of Vitamin K (phytomenadione) as a trigger of adverse haemorrhage events caused by warfarin. The main variables established in the study were: performance of the Vitamin K in detecting events (EAH), classification of the adverse drug events (ADEs) as regards the causality via the Naranjo algorithm, and as regards the damage level. Other pointers calculated were the rate of adverse events as cause for hospital admittance and mean time for the analysis of the medical records, done only at Hospital G. The use of Vitamin K was assessed in 46 medical records in Hospital E and in 54 medical records in Hospital G. The latter had two patients who underwent bleeding through the use of warfarin, thus yielding a 3.7% (2/54) performance rate for Vitamin K in detecting adverse haemorrhage events, well below the efficiency for this trigger as found in Hospital E, at 30.4% (14/46). In the analysis of causality of the haemorrhagic data, all the adverse events identified in both hospitals were rated as probable after the application of the Naranjo algorithm. A major part of the AEs identified in the two centres was rated as H, where there was a need to deploy life support measures, such as plasma and/or red blood cell infusions. The average age, in Hospital E, of the patients that had adverse haemorrhage events was 57.4 years (dp=15.2). The study done in Hospital G had two patients aged over 70 who experienced SHE. At Hospital E, 50% (7/14) of the patients had an haemorrhage as the cause for hospital admission. In Hospital G the two patients who experienced a coumarin-related episode were admitted due to bleeding after the use of warfarin. In the study done at Hospital E thirteen patients who went through haemorrhage AEs had a RNI ≥ 6. The odds ratio for bleeding with a RNI ≥ 6 was of 24.9. On the other hand, in the study done at Hospital G it was not possible to calculate the odd ratio as there rarely was a record for the values of the RNI. The use of Vitamin K, as a trigger, at the General Hospital was little associated to adverse haemorrhage events due to warfarin. A substantial association was observed, however, at the Cardiology Hospital

Nostalgia in consumer behavior is shown to be effective. Every generation has their own views of nostalgia. Their ability, proneness and intensity to process nostalgia is different for each generation. The Chinese one-child generation in terms of their special growth environment and characteristics was chosen as the object of study. The thesis begins with the model of nostalgic consumption. The model includes the indirect factors towards nostalgia proneness, the direct factors towards nostalgia intensity and the consumption of nostalgic products. Two qualitative methods were used to collect data, which are the focus group and the individual interview. Two nostalgic brands, one Finnish brand Nokia and a Chinese brand Arctic Ocean Soda (AOS) were used to encourage the discussion of the focus group. There are some surprised results came from the focus group and the following individual interview. These results helped to refine the model. Finally, some suggestions were given to Nokia and AOS companies about how to attract Chinese one-child generation.