The annual Sigmon Farm Tour was started in 1992 as an agricultural education program where students could experience being on a farm with the goal of increasing the agricultural literacy levels of the participants. Every year the entire 4th grade student population of Rockcastle County spends the day touring the farm and participating in experiential mini lessons given by the cooperating farm service and health agencies. The program has continued for 20+ years without an evaluation as to whether it is achieving its objectives. This evaluation will also exhibit the programs strengths and weakness so it can continue to improve. This study utilized the pretest, posttest and delayed posttest to ascertain the agricultural literacy level of the student before the fieldtrip, after participating in the field trip and again 90 days later.

This desertation shows that a unique class of network disruption exists that can be regarded in isolation of other classes of network disturbances, namely cascade disruption of generation (COG). This class of disturbance is being defined in terms of the cascading effect that it exhibits in terms of the disruption of power generating units in an interconnected power system. Through a literature survey it is shown that a lack of formal acknowledgement exists in the recognition of this class of disturbance both locally and abroad, and that therefore there is a general absence of a policy framework to manage the threat that is associated with the cascade disruption of generation. The analysis of the records of such events in the Southern African power pool are analised, and the properties and characteristics of COG events are explored. The extent of the threat to the interconnected power system that is posed by COG, as a phenomenon, is quantified in the conte·xt of industry practice and weaknesses are identified. It is shown that the occurrence of this class of event is not entirely random, and that statistical methods can be used in the development of mitigation strategies. A management framework is developed with metrics for the monitoring, evaluation and trending of the phenomenon, and to evaluate the ongoing risk. Roles and responsibilities are sugested and a outline for the systematic investigation of such events is developed. In the conclusion, the possible benefits of the an COG managenent framework are discussed and scope for future work in this regard is suggested. / Thesis (MIng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

This desertation shows that a unique class of network disruption exists that can be regarded in isolation of other classes of network disturbances, namely cascade disruption of generation (COG). This class of disturbance is being defined in terms of the cascading effect that it exhibits in terms of the disruption of power generating units in an interconnected power system. Through a literature survey it is shown that a lack of formal acknowledgement exists in the recognition of this class of disturbance both locally and abroad, and that therefore there is a general absence of a policy framework to manage the threat that is associated with the cascade disruption of generation. The analysis of the records of such events in the Southern African power pool are analised, and the properties and characteristics of COG events are explored. The extent of the threat to the interconnected power system that is posed by COG, as a phenomenon, is quantified in the conte·xt of industry practice and weaknesses are identified. It is shown that the occurrence of this class of event is not entirely random, and that statistical methods can be used in the development of mitigation strategies. A management framework is developed with metrics for the monitoring, evaluation and trending of the phenomenon, and to evaluate the ongoing risk. Roles and responsibilities are sugested and a outline for the systematic investigation of such events is developed. In the conclusion, the possible benefits of the an COG managenent framework are discussed and scope for future work in this regard is suggested. / Thesis (MIng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Software development processes incorporate a variety of different artifacts (e.g., source code, models, and documentation). For multiple reasons the data that is contained in these artifacts does expose some degree of redundancy. Ensuring global consistency across artifacts during all stages in the development of software systems is required, because inconsistent artifacts can yield to failures. Ensuring consistency can be either achieved by reducing the amount of redundancy or by synchronizing the information that is shared across multiple artifacts. The discipline of software engineering that addresses these problems is called Round-Trip Engineering (RTE). In this thesis we present a conceptual framework for the design RTE systems. This framework delivers precise definitions for essential terms in the context of RTE and a process that can be used to address new RTE applications. The main idea of the framework is to partition models into parts that require synchronization - skeletons - and parts that do not - clothings. Once such a partitioning is obtained, the relations between the elements of the skeletons determine whether a deterministic RTE system can be built. If not, manual decisions may be required by developers. Based on this conceptual framework, two concrete approaches to RTE are presented. The first one - Backpropagation-based RTE - employs change translation, traceability and synchronization fitness functions to allow for synchronization of artifacts that are connected by non-injective transformations. The second approach - Role-based Tool Integration - provides means to avoid redundancy. To do so, a novel tool design method that relies on role modeling is presented. Tool integration is then performed by the creation of role bindings between role models. In addition to the two concrete approaches to RTE, which form the main contributions of the thesis, we investigate the creation of bridges between technical spaces. We consider these bridges as an essential prerequisite for performing logical synchronization between artifacts. Also, the feasibility of semantic web technologies is a subject of the thesis, because the specification of synchronization rules was identified as a blocking factor during our problem analysis. The thesis is complemented by an evaluation of all presented RTE approaches in different scenarios. Based on this evaluation, the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches are identified. Also, the practical feasibility of our approaches is confirmed w.r.t. the presented RTE applications.

Bakgrund: Det krävs en förändring av hur vi använder jordens resurser för att uppnå en hållbar utveckling, vilket inkluderar miljömässig, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet. Region Kronoberg ska ta fram ett hållbarhetsprogram för 2019-2022 där alla tre aspekter av hållbarhet beaktas. Ett aktuellt problem är den klimatpåverkan som regionen har idag på grund av tjänsteresor. Det är bara möjligt att bedöma hållbarheten i ett transportsystem om de ingående parametrarna definieras och mäts, ofta finns det dock inte praktisk vägledning. Ett behov finns därför av ett sammanhållet styrdokument med konkreta mål. För att begränsa transporters negativa effekter kan olika strategier och lösningar vidtas och åtgärder behöver genomföras för att uppnå uppsatta hållbarhetsmål.   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga hållbarhetsmått, mål och åtgärder som kan relateras till tjänsteresor i befintlig teori och bland Sveriges regioner, och med utgångspunkt i den kartläggningen ge förslag på hållbarhetsmål och hållbarhetsmått samt hållbarhetsfrämjande åtgärder gällande tjänsteresor för användning i framtagandet av Region Kronobergs kommande hållbarhetsprogram.   Metod:  Studien genomfördes med en flerfallsdesign och har haft ett deduktivt angreppssätt och en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Datainsamlingen har skett i form av ostrukturerade intervjuer, mailkonversationer, fokusgrupper samt offentliga och internt tillhandahållna dokument. Det empiriska materialet har sedan analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ dataanalys.   Slutsats: Idag saknas en sammantagen helhetsbild över hållbarhetsarbetet och det är problem med förankringen av mål. Kärnan i att driva mot en mer hållbar riktning är att förändra beteenden. Sex mått som på olika sätt representerar de tre hållbarhetsdimensionerna föreslås. Till dessa kopplas fyra mål som avser minska klimatpåverkande utsläpp, öka andelen förnybara bränslen och ersätta fysiska möten med resfria möten. En rad föreslagna åtgärder presenteras, däribland en konkret och tydlig resepolicy, en uppdaterad klimatväxlingsmodell, förbättrade uppföljningsrutiner för mätning, förenklade rutiner kring uthyrning av bilpoolsbilar och cyklar samt informationsinsatser.   Nyckelord: Hållbarhet, Hållbar utveckling, Tjänsteresor, Regioner, Offentlig verksamhet / Background: We need a change in how we use the Earth's resources to achieve sustainable development, including environmental, social and economic sustainability. Region Kronoberg will develop a sustainability program for 2019-2022, taking into account all three aspects of sustainability. A current problem is the climate impact the region has today due to emissions. It is only possible to assess the sustainability of a transport system if the parameters are defined and measured, but there is often no practical guidance. Therefore, there is a need for a coherent management document with concrete goals. To limit the negative effects of transports, different strategies and solutions can be taken and measures need to be implemented to achieve the determined sustainability goals.   Purpose: The purpose of this study was to map sustainability indicators, goals and measures related to business travel in existing theory and among Sweden's regions, and based on this mapping suggest sustainability indicators, goals and measures for use in the development of Region Kronoberg's future sustainability program.   Methodology: The study was conducted as a multiple case study with a deductive approach and a qualitative research strategy. Data collection was in the form of unstructured interviews, mail conversations, focus groups, as well as publicly published and internally acquired documents. The empirical material was then analyzed by qualitative data analysis.   Conclusions: There is a lack of a comprehensive overall picture of sustainability as well as problems with anchoring goals. The essence of driving towards a more sustainable direction is to change behavior. Six indicators that represent the three sustainability dimensions in different ways are proposed. Four goals are linked to these indicators with the aim to reduce climate-related emissions, increasing the proportion of renewable fuels and replacing physical meetings with meetings that doesn’t require travel. A range of proposed actions are presented, including a concrete and clear travel policy, an updated climate change model, improved monitoring routines for measuring, simplified procedures for car and bicycle rental, as well as information efforts.   Keywords: Sustainability, Sustainable development, Business travel, Business trip, Work travel, Regions, Public Sector, Government

Le transport de marchandises dans les zones urbaines est un sujet important de nos jours. Le transport est une activité vitale pour les villes, mais implique pollution, congestion, accidents. La logistique urbaine vise à optimiser les processus logistiques et de transports urbains en tenant compte des aspects environnementaux et sociaux. Cette thèse traite de cette thématique et fait partie du projet MODUM.MODUM vise à étudier un système de livraison basé sur des centres de distribution urbains. Nous présentons une classification et une analyse des mouvements de marchandises et des problèmes de tournées de véhicules (VRP) associés.La deuxième partie propose une revue complète des travaux de recherche traitant des problème VRP avec excursions multiples (MTVRP). Le MTVRP est une extension du VRP où les véhicules sont autorisés à effectuer plusieurs tournées. Nous proposons une heuristique pour le MTVRP qui est par la suite adaptée pour un problème plus riche, le MTVRP avec fenêtres de temps et dates de disponibilité. Il s'agit d'une variante du MTVRP où à chaque client est associée une fenêtre de temps et à chaque marchandise une date de disponibilité qui représente l'instant où elle devient disponible au dépôt.Par la suite, nous étudions une variante du MTVRP où les marchandises sont classées par types de produits qui ne peuvent pas être transportés dans le même véhicule. Une analyse est effectuée pour montrer l’avantage des tournées multiples pour le problème de dimensionnement des flottes.Enfin, nous décrivons le problème de tournées qui se pose dans MODUM et le simulateur qui est développé pour évaluation du système. / Transportation of merchandise in urban areas has become an important nowadays topic. In fact, transportation is a vital activity for each city, but entail pollution, congestion, accidents.City logistics aims at optimizing the whole urban logistics and transportation process, taking into account environmental and social aspects. This thesis, that is part of the MODUM project, finds its location in this area of research. In particular, MODUM aims at studying a delivery system based on City Distribution Centers.We first present a classification and an analysis of urban good movements and routing problems peculiar to metropolitan areas. A second survey proposes a complete collection of articles that has been done on the Multi Trip Vehicle Routing Problem (MTVRP). The MTVRP is an extension of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) where vehicles are allowed to perform several trips.We propose an efficient heuristic for the MTVRP that is, in a subsequent step, adapted to a new routing problem, the MTVRP with Time Windows and Release Dates (MTVRPTWR). It is a variant of the MTVRP where each customer is associated with a time window and each merchandise is associated with a release date that represents the instant it becomes available at the depot.We, then, study a variant of the MTVRP where goods belong to different commodities that cannot be transported at the same time by the same vehicle. An analysis is conducted on the benefits of the multi-trip aspect in fleet dimensioning problems.Finally we describe the complex routing problem that arises in MODUM and the simulator that is developed to evaluate the performances of the system.

Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-06T01:12:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 136.pdf: 2863792 bytes, checksum: 8b68087ab64bd8d1c77782a314bc5994 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Aborda o trabalho marítimo, particularmente o trabalho embarcado em navios de longo curso, cuja tripulaçäo está exposta a longos períodos em viagem, longe do convívio familiar e social, o que pode acarretar em sofrimento psíquico. Procura compreender as consequências da atual política de reduçäo de custos (que no caso da Marinha Mercante vem privilegiando, näo a modernizaçäo tecnológica e sim o corte no número de tripulantes) para a saúde/saúde mental dos trabalhadores. O trabalho de campo foi realizado a bordo de navio petroleiro da Frota Nacional de Petroleiros (FRONAPE), durante percurso compreendido entre Angra dos Reis (Rio de Janeiro/Brasil) e Cape Town (Africa do Sul), no período de 25 de maio a 08 de junho de 1998, sendo realizadas observaçöes das atividades desenvolvidas e das relaçöes de vida e trabalho da tripulaçäo a bordo, bem como entrevistas individuais com onze tripulantes, que foram analisadas tendo como principal abordagem teórico metodológica a psicodinâmica do trabalho. Constatou-se que a família assume papel importante na vida do trabalhador, sendo o seu distanciamento a principal fonte de sofrimento psíquico e debruçar-se sobre o trabalho o principal mecanismo defensivo utilizado pelos trabalhadores para o seu enfrentamento. Esse sofrimento está sendo intensificado pelo näo reconhecimento desse dar-se de si no trabalho e pela queda na remuneraçäo salarial. Contudo, o trabalhador embarcado a partir do prazer gerado pelo uso de sua criatividade e do bom humor na realizaçäo da tarefa, vem conseguindo näo sucumbir ao sofrimento, mantendo-se dentro do domínio da normalidade. / The present study deals with the maritime labor, particularly the work of those on board long distance ships, whose crews spend long periods far away from the family and social intimacy, which leads to psychic suffering. It tries to understand the consequences of the current policy of cutting of costs (which in the case of the Merchant Navy has been privileging the cuts in the number of crew members in detriment of technological modernization) for the health/mental health of the workers. The field work was carried out on board an oil tanker owned by the National Fleet of Oil Tankers (FRONAPE), during the route between Angra dos Reis (Rio de Janeiro/Brazil) and Cape Town (South Africa), from May 25th to June 8th, 1998, during which the carried out activities, the life and work relationships of the crew on board, were observed, as well as individual interviews with eleven members of the crew, that were analyzed having as its main theoretical-methodological approach the Psychodynamics of Labor. Family plays an important role in the worker's life, and staying away from them is the main source of physical suffering. Therefore, full dedication to work is the main defense mechanism used by the workers in order to face the problem. Such suffering is being intensified by the non-recognition of this dedication to work and by a drop of the salary remuneration. However, the worker on board, as of the fun generated by the use of his creativity and good humor on the carrying out of his task, has been able to resist the suffering, staying within the domains of what is considered to be normal.

The current system and working status of medical rescue service related to mass accidents has undergone changes in recent years, including gradual development, progress, modification and improvement. Together with that development, the conditions and opportunities needed for provision of timely and high-quality urgent pre-hospital care have transformed and improved automatically. The provision of professional pre-hospital urgent care for conditions endangering human life has been becoming the basic contents of activity of the rescue service. The care can be provided through operation centres that should receive and evaluate distress calls on line 155 and through field rescue vehicles pulling out of a network of trip points all over the country. The unification of the procedures and organization when settling mass accidents constitutes an indispensable measure leading to improvement of such interventions. The adequate procedure may lead to life rescue and to mitigation of the consequences of injuries for a number of persons equal to the number of the whole year of standard activity of the medical rescue service. Of course, the opposite may apply too. Therefore each physician or rescue worker should know the basic rules of behaviour at the point of the accident. The goal of the submitted dissertation is to map the general suggestions for the work of the medical rescue service of the Czech Republic, to analyze three medical rescue services related to mass accidents - that of the South Bohemian Region, the South Moravian Region and the Vysočina Region - and to compare weak and strong points of the medical rescue service of the Czech Republic based on the analysis of the three organizations in connection to mass accidents - of the Medical rescue service of the South Bohemian Region, the South Moravian Region and the Vysočina Region. Based on the SWOT analysis of selected medical rescue services, it was possible to identify their strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Each of the analyzed medical rescue services can see the opportunities of their respective organizations in other points. The medical rescue service of the South Bohemian Region sees its opportunities in the improvement of the education and training centre; the medical rescue service of the South Moravian Region sees its opportunities in the development of solution of mass accidents and the medical rescue service of the Vysočina Region sees its opportunities in finishing the urgent admission and first aid for schools; but all the analyzed medical rescue services see their threats in the expected lack of funds, caused by funding of new ambulances or new trip points or by increasing wages in the public sector. The lack of physicians in permanent employment is not only a matter of the above stated rescue services. The problem has countrywide character at present. The importance of the lack of physicians is not proportionally dependent only on cases of mass accidents. At present, it can be stated in general that there are multiple causes of lack of interest for internal work in rescue service. Low attractiveness of work in ambulance crews of rescue services becomes one of the main causes. Also the working conditions are usually incomparable. The crew of the rescue service must perform actions of pre-hospital urgent care in field under all and any circumstances. Another difference, as compared to the work of a physician in the hospital, consists in the need of right and quick decision-making without the opportunity to consult a specialist and without support of laboratory examinations. So the rescue service physician must constantly master different situations, from childbirth to post-mortem examination.

Este estudo teve como propósito investigar se os atrativos turísticos e os serviços agregados ao Passeio de Trem Maria-Fumaça atendem às expectativas do turista. O paradigma adotado foi o de corte qualitativo servindo-se da metodologia descritiva do tipo estudo de caso. Análise documental, observação, entrevista, história oral, questionário, memorial descritivo, nota de campo e registro de relatos orais foram utilizados como instrumentos para coleta de informações. Os participantes do estudo foram os protagonistas definidos como sendo as diversas categorias de turistas estudadas, os animadores lúdicos e Susana Giordani, gestora do passeio, além de testemunhas oculares e fontes primárias. Por se tratar de estudo qualitativo, para descrição, análise e discussão dos resultados, foram elaboradas categorias de análise. Para os turistas definiram-se as seguintes: expectativa do turista (1); e emoções e sentimentos que o passeio desperta (2). Já em relação à gestora do passeio, as categorias foram: o produto pensado pela gestora (1); o sucesso do passeio na ótica da gestora (2); e o significado do passeio para a região, os animadores lúdicos e a comunidade na ótica da gestora (3). Aos animadores lúdicos, as categorias foram assim definidas: o olhar do animador lúdico em relação ao passeio (1); e o sucesso do passeio na opinião dos animadores (2). Os resultados apontaram que as animações culturais e lúdicas são o diferencial do passeio. Apesar das críticas negativas assinaladas, o Passeio de Trem Maria-Fumaça corresponde às expectativas da demanda turística. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-13T17:55:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Valdete E S Debenetti.pdf: 4301724 bytes, checksum: 305ab67694426e4042376655806c4ace (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-13T17:55:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Valdete E S Debenetti.pdf: 4301724 bytes, checksum: 305ab67694426e4042376655806c4ace (MD5) / This study had by purpose to investigate if attractive tourists and the aggregate services to the Maria-Fumaça Train Trip take care of the tourist expectations. The adopted paradigm was the qualitative cut serving itself of the descriptive methodology type case study. Documental analysis, comment, interview, verbal history, questionnaire, descriptive petition, field note, and verbal reports register were used as instruments for information collect. The study participators were definite protagonists as being the several tourists categories studied, the playful entertainers and the trip manager, beyond eyewitnesses and primary sources. By being a qualitative study, for description, analysis and discussion of results, the categories of analysis were elaborated. For tourists the following ones were defined: tourist expectation (1); and emotions and feelings that the trip awakes (2). Regarding the trip manager the categories were: the product thought by manager (1); the success of the trip in the manager optics (2); and the meaning of the trip to the region, the playful entertainers and the community in the manager optics (3). To the playful entertainers, the categories were: the playful entertainer look regarding the trip (1); and the success of the trip in the entertainer opinion (2). The results pointed that the cultural and playful animations are the trip differential. Despite the negative critics, the Maria-Fumaça Train Trip corresponds to the tourist demand expectations.

This thesis deals with a flooded stone quarry near the village Hradec u Stodu. This quarry is examined from historical, biological and educational point of view. The thesis contains informations about history, ecology and environmental conditions of the examined lokality, results of geological, faunistic and floristic investigation and suggestion on the utilization of this lokality for biology and geology education in the field; work sheets for pupils are completed too. Found organism photogalery is attached in appendices. DVD containing a thorough photodocumentation is also a part of this thesis.