The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between false memory and trait anxiety, depression and personality characteristics with emotionally valenced material (positive, depression related, threat related and neutral). Participants were 131 Middle East Technical University students. Four groups (depressed, anxious, mixed and control) were formed in order to differentiate the effects of trait anxiety and depression. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Trait Form of State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I) were administered. In order to measure false memory creation, a variant of Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm was used. It was hypothesized that the anxious group would produce more false memories for threat related words as compared to other groups. In addition, the depressed group was expected to display higher levels of false memory for depression related words as compared to other groups. One-way MANOVA was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a group difference only in terms of threat related words&rsquo / accuracy. Also people were categorized as &ldquo / low&rdquo / and &ldquo / high&rdquo / in the six personality characteristics as measured by Big Five Questionnaire. It was hypothesized that people high in openness to experience would commit less false memories as compared to people low in the trait. This was true for only positive material. Further, other personality characteristics were analyzed in order to discover the relationship between false memory and personality. The results were discussed in terms of relevant literature.

<p>A 5-bit MMIC serial to parallel converter has been designed in Gallium Arsenide. It is intended to be used together with a 5-bit True Time Delay (TTD) circuit, but it can easily be expanded into an arbitrary number of bits. The circuit has been designed with a logic style called DCFL and a 0.20 mm process (ED02AH) from OMMIC has been used to fabricate the circuit. The chip size of this 5-bit MMIC serial to parallel converter is 2.0x0.8 mm (including pads) and close to two hundred transistors are used. Due to the complexity of the transistor models the complete serial to parallel converter has not been fully simulated. However, the smaller building blocks like inverter, latch, etc. have been simulated successfully. These blocks were assembled into the complete circuit.</p>

Taxonomic changes are made based on checkered beetle (Coleoptera: Cleridae) types of the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH).Lectotypes are designated (and holotypes and paralectotypes recognized) for 44 species of Hydnocerinae, including the type species for Isolemidia, Parmius, Paupris, Allelidea, Blaesiopthalmus and Lemidia, four species of Enoclerus (Clerinae), and 14 species of Cymatodera (Tillinae). Annotations include comments on additional type material, new type locality, previous (type series) locality, and questionable or missing types. Phyllobaenus pallipes(Gorham) and P. rufithorax (Gorham) are synonymized with P. flavifemoratus(Gorham), P. chapini (Wolcott) is synonymized under P. lateralis (Gorham), and P. villosus (Schenkling) is synonymized under P. longus (LeConte), new synonymies. The first molecular phylogeny of the clerid lineage (Coleoptera: Cleridae, Thanerocleridae) is presented and compared with the two most recent phylogenetic hypotheses of the group. Phylogenetic relationships of checkered beetles wareere inferred from approximately 5,000 nucleotides amplified from four loci (28S, 16S, 12S, COI). A worldwide sample of ~70 genera is included and phylogenies are reconstructed using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood. The results are not entirely congruent with either of the current classification systems. Three major lineages are recognized. Tillinae are supported as the sister group to all other subfamilies, whereas Thaneroclerinae, Korynetinae sensu latu and a new subfamily formally described here, Epiclininae, new subfamily, form a sister group to Clerinae + Hydnocerinae. To assess the phylogeny and evolution of Hemiptera, a comprehensive mitogenomic analysis integrating mitogenome-based molecular phylogenetics, fossil-calibrated divergence dating (using BEAST), and ancestral state reconstructions are presented. The 81 sampled mitogenomes represent the most extensive mitogenomic analyses of Hemiptera to date. The putatively primitive “Homoptera” was previously rendered paraphyletic by Heteroptera, whereas the presented results support each group as monophyletic. The results from both diet and habitat ancestral state reconstructions support that 1) Heteroptera (and Homoptera) evolved from a phytophagous ancestor, contrary to the popular hypothesis that the ancestor was predaceous; and 2) family-level radiation of Heteroptera is coincident with the apically-produced labium and the novel hemelytron. It is here proposed these morphological innovations facilitated multiple independent shifts from phytophagy to predation and multiple independent colonizations of aquatic habitats.

Within this dissertation, I document how—and hypothesize why—the quirks and qualities of the Cambrian Period demarcate this interval as fundamentally different from the preceding Proterozoic Eon and succeeding periods of the Phanerozoic Eon. To begin, I focus on the anomalous marine deposition of the mineral apatite. Sedimentary sequestration of phosphorus modulates the capacity for marine primary productivity and, thus, the redox state of the Earth system. Moreover, sedimentary apatite minerals may entomb and replicate skeletal and soft-tissue organisms, creating key aspects of the fossil record from which paleontologists deduce the trajectory of animal evolution. I ask what geochemical redox regime promoted the delivery of phosphorus to Cambrian seafloors and conclude that, for the case of the Thorntonia Limestone, apatite nucleation occurred under anoxic, ferruginous subsurface water masses. Moreover, I infer that phosphorus bound to iron minerals precipitated from the water column and organic-bound phosphorus were both important sources of phosphorus to the seafloor. Petrographic observations allow me to reconstruct the early diagenetic pathways that decoupled phosphorus from these delivery shuttles and promoted the precipitation of apatite within the skeletons of small animals. Together, mechanistic understandings of phosphorus delivery to, and retention within, seafloor sediment allow us to constrain hypotheses for the fleeting occurrence of widespread apatite deposition and exquisite fossil preservation within Cambrian sedimentary successions. Next, I describe and quantify the nature of carbonate production on a marine platform deposited at the hypothesized peak of Cambrian skeletal carbonate production. I find that fossils represent conspicuous, but volumetrically subordinate components of early Cambrian carbonate reef ecosystems and that despite the evolution of mineralized skeletons, Cambrian carbonate platforms appear similar to their Neoproterozoic counterparts, primarily reflecting abiotic and microbial deposition. Finally, I investigate the geodynamic mechanism responsible for rapid, oscillatory true polar wander (TPW) events proposed for the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic Earth on the basis of paleomagnetic data. Using geodynamic models, I demonstrate that elastic strength in the lithosphere and stable excess ellipticity of Earth’s figure provided sufficient stabilization to return the pole to its original state subsequent to convectively-driven TPW. / Earth and Planetary Sciences

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur normalitet och avvikelse representeras i HBOs tv-serie True Blood. Fokus ligger på hur etnicitet och sexualitet representeras. Uppsatsen frågeställning är: Hur representeras normalitet och avvikelse, med fokus på etnicitet och sexualitet, i HBOs tv-serie True Blood?  Denna har operationaliserats genom ett egenkomponerat analysschema, innehållandes olika teman som utrönts genom författarens förkunskap om tv-serien och dess handling. Metoden består av ett analysschema som använts genom en semiologisk analys samt Stuart Halls representationsbegrepp. Analysens teoretiska ramverk är Michel Foucaults maktbegrepp och Gayle Rubins sexualitetscirkel. Uppsatsens utgångspunkt är inspirerad av Anna Höglunds tes om att vampyrberättelsen kan ses som ett tidsdokument om oss människor och hur vampyrberättelsen har använts för att skildra vår historia samt samtid. Uppsatsen har även ett sciencefictionperspektiv, vilket innebär i denna uppsats att vampyrkaraktären används för att porträttera samt synliggöra samhällsproblem. Då science fiction traditionellt brukar användas som samhällskritik lämpar sig detta perspektiv väl på vampyrberättelsen och True Blood.

We study and analyze the performance of iterative equalization and decoding (IED) using an M-BCJR equalizer. We use bit error rate (BER), frame error rate simulations and extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts to study and compare the performances of M-BCJR and BCJR equalizers on precoded and non-precoded channels. Using EXIT charts, the achievable channel capacities with IED using the BCJR, M-BCJR and MMSE LE equalizers are also compared. We predict the BER performance of IED using the M-BCJR equalizer from EXIT charts and explain the discrepancy between the observed and predicted performances by showing that the extrinsic outputs of the $M$-BCJR algorithm are not true logarithmic-likelihood ratios (LLR's). We show that the true LLR's can be estimated if the conditional distributions of the extrinsic outputs are known and finally we design a practical estimator for computing the true LLR's from the extrinsic outputs of the M-BCJR equalizer.

Pulsars, as rotating magnetised neutron stars got much attention during the last 40 years since their discovery. Observations revealed them to be gamma-ray emitters with energies continuing up to the sub 100 GeV region. Better observation of this upper energy cut-off region will serve to enhance our theoretical understanding of pulsars and neutron stars. The H-test has been used the most extensively in the latest periodicity searches, whereas other tests have limited applications and are unsuited for pulsar searches. If the probability distribution of a test statistic is not accurately known, it is possible that, after searching through many trials, a probability for uniformity can be given, which is much smaller than the real value, possibly leading to false detections. The problem with the H-test is that one must obtain the distribution by simulation and cannot do so analytically. For such simulations, random numbers are needed and are usually obtained by utilising so-called pseudo-random number generators, which are not truly random. This immediately renders such generators as useless for the simulation of the distribution of the H-test. Alternatively there exists hardware random number generators, but such devices, apart from always being slow, are also expensive, large and most still don't exhibit the true random nature required. This was the motivation behind the development of a hardware random number generator which provides truly random U(0,l) numbers at very high speed and at low cost The development of and results obtained by such a generator are discussed. The device delivered statistically truly random numbers and was already used in a small simulation of the H-test distribution. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Darbe atlikta teorinė mokslinės ir teisinės literatūros, susijusios su romų tautinės mažumos situacija pasaulyje ir Lietuvoje bei paauglystės amžiaus tarpsnio ypatumais, studija. Tyrimo problema ir jos aktualumas leido suformuluoti tokius probleminius klausimus: Kokie yra romų ir lietuvių tautybės paauglių profesiniai ir gyvenimiškieji lūkesčiai? Ar romų tautybės jaunuolių profesiniai ir gyvenimiškieji lūkesčiai skiriasi nuo lietuvių tautybės jaunuolių? Ar romų tautybės jaunuoliai jaučiasi diskriminuojami šiandieninėje visuomenėje? Interviu metodu buvo atliktas kokybinis tyrimas, kurio tikslas - ištirti bei palyginti lietuvių ir romų tautybės paauglių profesinius ir gyvenimiškuosius lūkesčius ir parengti edukacinę programą, skirtą socialiniams pedagogams, dirbantiems su lietuvių ir romų tautybės paaugliais X miesto dienos centre. Atlikta turinio (content) duomenų analizė. Tyrime dalyvavo devyni romų tautybės paaugliai ir devyni lietuvių tautybės paaugliai. Empirinėje dalyje buvo nagrinėjami lietuvių ir romų tautybės paauglių profesiniai ir gyvenimiškieji lūkesčiai, susiję su mokymusi, šeima, kitais žmonėmis, supančia visuomene, būsima šeima, santuoka, darbu, ateitimi ir atlikta lyginamoji šių lūkesčių analizė. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Romų tautybės paaugliai didelę reikšmę teikia geriems tarpusavio santykiams bendruomenėje ir akcentuoja jų tautybės asmenų, artimųjų palaikymo svarbą. Tradicijos ir papročiai jų bendruomenėje yra išlaikyti ir perduodami iš... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The theoretical studies of scientific and juridical literature concerning the situation of the Romany minority in Lithuania and all over the world, as well as the features of the adolescence stage were revealed in this paper. The problem and relevance of the research allowed to formulate the following problematic questions: What are the expectations of Lithuanian and Romany teenagers? Do the professional and true-to-life expectations of Romany teenagers differ from those of Lithuanians? Do Romany teenagers feel discriminated in today’s society? The qualitative research was carried out with the help of interviews and its aim was to examine and compare the professional and true-to-life expectations of Lithuanian and Romany teenagers and prepare an educational program for social educators who work with Lithuanian and Romany teenagers in the day centre of X city. The content data analysis was conducted in the research. 9 Lithuanian and Romany teenagers participated in the research. The professional and true-to-life expectations of Lithuanian and Romany teenagers, related to learning, their families, other people, surrounding society, their future family, marriage, work and future perspectives were examined and the comparative analysis of these expectations was done in the empirical part of this research. The most important empirical conclusions that were drawn are:  Romany teenagers attach great importance to good community relations and emphasize the importance of the... [to full text]

The current economic situation has severely affected the US road infrastructure and funding has become inadequate for either maintenance or future growth. The inverted base pavement structure is a promising alternative to achieve high quality roads at considerably lower cost than conventional pavements. The proximity of the unbound granular base layer to the tire load makes the response of the granular base critical to the performance of the pavement structure. Therefore extensive material characterization is conducted on the granular materials that make the base. In particular, a true triaxial chamber is developed to study the mechanical response and the stress-dependent stiffness of granular bases compacted at different water contents. A novel method is developed to assess the as-built stress-dependent anisotropic stiffness of granular bases in-situ using both crosshole and uphole test configurations. The two inverted base pavements built in Georgia at the Morgan County quarry haul road and the Lagrange south Loop are tested as part of this study. A nonlinear orthotropic constitutive model is selected to capture the deformational behavior of compacted granular bases. The response of the pavement is analyzed by implementing this constitutive behavior in a three-dimensional finite-element model. Different pavement structures are simulated. It is shown that thin asphalt concrete layers resting directly on granular bases deform as membranes. Finally, numerical simulations are extended to compare inverted base pavements to conventional pavements used in practice. Results highlight the inadequacy of ASSHTO’s structural layer coefficient for the analysis of inverted base pavement structures as well as the potential economic advantages of inverted base pavements.

Titel: Verkligt värde - Begreppets historiska utveckling Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi Författare: Cecilia Hjelm och Jeannie Rönn Handledare: Arne Fagerström Datum: 2014-05-26 Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka viktiga händelser under 1900-talet fram till idag, som har påverkat utveckling av begreppet verkligt värde. Vidare ingår det i syftet att redogöra hur synen på begreppet har förändrats över tid ur ett västeuropeiskt och amerikanskt perspektiv. Metod: I studien tillämpas en historisk forskningsmetod som genomförs genom en litteraturstudie. Det betyder att uppsatsen enbart bygger på tidigare forskning som sammanställs och presenteras i en tidsaxel från 1900-talets början. I tidsaxeln undersökts viktiga händelser som har påverkat utvecklingen av begreppet verkligt värde. Slutsats: Studien har visat att mycket av utvecklingen och de skiftande inställningarna till verkligt värde har berott på ett flertal kriser i både USA och Europa. Kriserna har påverkat de olika normsättande organisationernas syn på verkligt värde och det har genom tidsaxeln visat sig både bromsa och främja användning och utvecklingen av verkligt värde. Nyckelord: verkligt värde, redovisningshistoria, IFRS 13, rättvisande bild, fjärde direktivet, true and fair