Ces travaux de thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre du projet "IMPULSE" qui traite du développement d’un procédé innovant d’élaboration de multi-matériaux par courant pulsé et est financé par l’Agence National de la Recherche. Ils ont pour objectif d’étudier et de mettre en évidence la faisabilité, du frittage-assemblage sous charge par courants pulsés, d’un composite conducteur l’AgSn-O2 sur un support en cuivre. Cette problématique, en lien avec les applications industrielles de Schneider Electric Industries, a été abordée au travers de simulations numériques du procédé de frittage-assemblage et d’essais expérimentaux. Les travaux sur les étapes de frittage et d’assemblage ont pu être traités séparément. Les phénomènes qui interviennent lors du frittage par effet Joule et les effets spécifiques liés à l’utilisation de certaines formes ou fréquences de courant, divisent encore la communauté scientifique. Des essais de frittage et frittage-assemblage par chauffage résistif avec différents types de courant (pulsé, continu, 50 Hz) ont été réalisés et ont permis de mettre en évidence l’absence d’effets spécifiques associés aux courants pulsés dans le cas de l’Ag-SnO2. Par conséquence, un modèle électrocinétique classique stationnaire a été retenu concernant les aspects électriques du modèle macroscopique de frittage. Ces essais ont également révélé l’importance des résistances de contact électrique, présentes entre les outillages (poinçons) et l’échantillon, et de la résistance de contact thermique qui existe entre l’échantillon et la matrice. Le modèle thermique instationnaire choisi est couplé fortement au modèle électrocinétique. Les lois de comportement utilisées pour la masse volumique et les conductivités (électrique et thermique), qui interviennent dans le modèle Electro-Thermique (ET), tiennent compte des changements de microstructure grâce à l’utilisation de variables internes de « densification » et de « cohésion ». Les évolutions des résistances de contact électrique et thermique, mesurées sur un dispositif ex-situ, sont aussi implémentées dans le modèle ET.D’un point de vue mécanique, un modèle de Norton associé au critère de Green a été choisi pour modéliser le comportement viscoplastique de la matière et la compressibilité irréversible du matériau lors du frittage sous charge de l’Ag-SnO2. Les fonctions intervenant dans le critère dépendent de la densité relative, dont la cinétique de densification est calculée à partir de la trace du tenseur des vitesses de déformation irréversible. Les paramètres de la loi de comportement mécanique ont été identifiés par méthodes inverses, à l’aide des logiciels SiDoLo et Abaqus, à partir d’essais thermomécaniques spécifiques réalisés sur la machine Gleeble du LIMatB. La loi de comportement mécanique a été implémentée dans une bibliothèque spécifique du code de calcul par éléments finis Sysweld qui est utilisé pour la simulation numérique d’essais de frittage instrumentés. La concordance entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux (tensions, températures, mesure extensométrique), est satisfaisante et les écarts restent inférieurs aux erreurs expérimentales. Concernant l’étape d’assemblage, une campagne de caractérisation de la tenue de l’assemblage Ag-SnO2/Cu, a été menée sur la machine Gleeble grâce à des essais de frittage-assemblage anisothermes. Différentes cinétiques thermiques et différentes températures maximales, ont été testées afin de mettre en évidence l’effet du temps et de la température. Des tests de cisaillement de l’assemblage, ont permis le calcul d’un observable afin de juger de la qualité de la liaison. Au vu des résultats, un modèle dépendant uniquement de la température atteinte dans l’échantillon a été développé afin d’estimer la tenue de l’assemblage Ag-SnO2/Cu. / This thesis is part of the "IMPULSE" project, which is financed by the NationalAgency of Research. This project concerns the development of innovative process to produce multimaterials by pulsed currents. The ability of sintering and joining Ag-SnO2 powder on a copper support in the same process under pressure by pulsed currents is investigated. This problematic, linked to industrial applications of Schneider Electric Industries SEI), has been approached through numerical simulations and experimental tests of sintering-joining. Sintering and joining steps have been dealt separately in this works. Sintering phenomena and specific effects of pulsed currents still divide the scientific community. Sintering and sintering-joining test by resistive heating thanks different kinds of current (pulsed, DC, AC) have been realized. They have enabled to highlight that there are not specific effects of pulsed currents in the Ag-SnO2 case. Consequently, a classical stationary electrokinetic model has been used for electrical aspects in the macroscopic sintering model. These tests have also revealed the importance of the contact resistance (CR) present between tools and sample, and more particularly the electrical CR between punches and sample and the thermal CR between die and sample. The non-stationary thermal model chose is strongly coupled with the electrokinetic model. Characterization tests have shown that electrical and thermal conductivities increase with inter-granular contact rate improvement, which is caused by strain during densification and by diffusion ("cohesion" mechanisms). The behavior laws used to calculate the density and the conductivities (electrical and thermal) of the Electrokinetic-Thermal model (ET), take into account these microstructural evolutions by mean of internal variables of "densification" and "cohesion". Electrical and thermal contact resistances, measured in LIMatB’s device versus pressure and temperature, are implemented in the ET model. From a mechanical point of view, a Norton model combined with a Green criterion has been chosen to modeling the viscoplastic behavior of matter and the irreversible compressibility of Ag-SnO2 material during sintering under pressure. The criterion functions depend on the relative density. The densification kinetic is calculated from the trace of the irreversible deformation kinetics. The properties (viscoplastic parameters, elasticity limit,...) of mechanical behavior law have been identified by inverse methods using SiDoLo and Abaqus software from thermo-mechanical tests achieved on LIMatB’s Gleeble machine. The mechanical properties don’t depend of cohesion mechanisms. The mechanical behavior law has been implemented in the finite element code Sysweld to simulate sintering tests. The agreement between numerical and experimental results (tensions, temperatures, extensometric measurements) is correct and the differences remain inferior to the experimental errors. Tests of joining of Ag-SnO2 on a copper support, non isothermal under low pressure, have been achieved on Gleeble machine. Different thermal kinetics and different maximal temperatures have been explored to highlight time and temperature effects on diffusion mechanisms at the interface. Shear tests of the joining have enabled the calculation of an observable to estimate the bonding quality. From these results, a model which only depends of temperature reached in the sample has been developed to estimate the Ag-SnO2/Cu joining resistance. This joining model could be easily integrated in the more complex sintering model.

Planejamento sob incerteza vem sendo cada vez mais requisitado em aplicações práticas de diversas áreas que eequerem soluções confiáveis para metas complexas. Em vista disso, nos últimos anos, algumas abordagens baseadas no uso de métodos formais para síntese automática de planos têm sido propostas na área de Planejamento em Inteligência Artificial. Entre essas abordagens, planejamento baseado em verificação de modelos tem se mostrado uma opção bastante promissora; entretanto, conforme observamos, a maioria dos trabalhos dentro dessa abordagem baseia-se em CTL e trata apenas problemas de planejamento para metas de alcançabilidade simples (como aquelas consideradas no planejamento clássico). Nessa tese, introduzimos uma classe de metas de planejamento mais expressivas (metas de alcançabilidade estendidas) e mostramos que, para essa classe de metas, a semântica de CTL não é adequada para formalizar algoritmos de síntese (ou validação) de planos. Como forma de contornar essa limitação, propomos uma nova versão de CTL, que denominamos alpha-CTL. Então, a partir da semântica dessa nova lógica, implementamos um verificador de modelos (Vactl), com base no qual implementamos também um planejador (Pactl) capaz de resolver problemas de planejamento para metas de alcançabilidade estendidas, em ambientes não-determinísticos com observabilidade completa. Finalmente, discutimos como garantir a qualidade das soluções quando dispomos de um modelo de ambiente onde as probabilidades das transições causadas pela execução das ações são conhecidas. / Planning under uncertainty has being increasingly demanded for practical applications in several areas that require reliable solutions for complex goals. In sight of this, in the last few years, some approaches based on formal methods for automatic synthesis of plans have been proposed in the area of Planning in Artificial Intelligence. Among these approaches, planning based on model checking seems to be a very attractive one; however, as we observe, the majority of the works in this approach are mainly based on CTL and deals only with planning problems for simple reachability goals (as those considered in classical planning). In this thesis, we introduce a more expressive class of planning goals (extended reachability goals) and show that, for this class of goals, the CTL\'s semantics is not adequate to formalize algorithms for synthesis (or validation) of plans. As a way to overcome this limitation, we propose a new version of CTL, called alpha-CTL. Then, based on the semantics of this new logic, we implement a model checker (Vactl), based on which we also implement a planner (Pactl) capable of solving planning problems for extended reachability goals, in nondeterministic planning environments with complete observability. Finally, we discuss how to guarantee the quality of the solutions when we have an environment model where the actions transitions probabilities are known.

Orientador: Marina Sangoi de Olliveira Ilha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T14:03:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_LeonelGomes_M.pdf: 7027612 bytes, checksum: 4fd22a33aac88678d2f5bbf42921c334 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Estima-se que atualmente no Brasil cerca de 8 a 23% do volume de água potável produzido seja perdido em função da submedição causada principalmente pelo superdimensionamento dos medidores, ou por algum fator externo ao mesmo. Em sistemas de abastecimento indireto, é comum a ocorrência de baixas vazões, devido ao tipo de componente de controle empregado, ou seja, válvulas de bóia convencionais. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar o volume não contabilizado (perdas) por submedição, identificar suas causas e obter, assim, subsídios necessários à proposição de medidas que conduzam à otimização da medição de água. Contempla duas etapas: uma investigação em campo e uma investigação laboratorial. A coleta de dados em campo foi efetuada através da instalação de medidores volumétricos em série com os medidores das edificações selecionadas e aferição dos medidores em faixas de vazão determinadas. A investigação laboratorial foi efetuada para a verificação do comportamento de torneiras de bóia convencional e de alta vazão frente a uma mesma situação de abastecimento, avaliando-se a ocorrência da submedição. O estudo permitiu verificar o volume de água não contabilizado pelo hidrômetro, o conhecimento do comportamento das vazões no setor abordado, a determinação do indicador de consumo, a avaliação dos medidores instalados quanto à precisão da medição, a identificação das perdas nos hidrômetros por submedição, além da verificação do comportamento das torneiras de bóia / Abstract: Water consumption under measurement can represents about 8 to 23% of the produced water in Brazil. It can be caused by oversized meters or others external cause. Low flows are common in cold water systems with a reservoir controlled by conventional ball cock faucets. This work presents a study case developed in 22 low-income houses located in Campinas, Sao Paulo that aims to determine the water consumption under measured, to identify its causes and to formulate actions to reduce this problem. Its also contemplates a laboratory investigation to analyze the performance of conventional and ultra high flow ball cock faucets in the same situation of supplying. The results of the study can indicate some methods reduce the under measurement of water like the use of water meters with different range of accuracy combined with two types of ball cock faucets. Besides that, it could be checked the water volume lost by the actual model used, flow behavior of the population studied, a consumption index , the evaluation of the water meters installed in that region considering the measurement accuracy / Mestrado / Edificações / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Este estudo trata dos processos de subjetivação de três grupos diversos de formandos de Psicologia, partindo da constatação de que o neoliberalismo vem fazendo com que haja um aumento da vulnerabilidade social, a partir do conceito de Castel, para indivíduos com terceiro grau completo, no que se incluem, evidentemente, os egressos dos cursos de Psicologia. Neste contexto acontece a emergência de um tipo de sujeito que sofre pela distância entre o ideal profissional (projeto identificatório) construído a partir de condições que não são mais vigentes e a realidade do mercado de trabalho que a eles se oferece e cuja dor se mostra diferente conforme a inserção social do estudante e as ênfases dadas nos diferentes cursos. Fundamentado metodologicamente na abordagem biográfica segundo os aportes de Cabanes e Bertaux, no aspecto teórico a discussão procura estabelecer o diálogo interdisciplinar a partir de conceitos oriundos da psicanálise, em sua vertente crítica, e do pensamento de Michel Foucault e de Robert Castel. O desenvolvimento do trabalho ocorre, portanto, dentro de uma permanente tensão epistemológica pelo esforço da criar um distanciamento crítico da filosofia do sujeito (recentrado após Freud e seu inconsciente, pela leitura de grupos hegemônicos de psicanalistas), através de uma ótica (des)disciplinarizada encontrada na abordagem foucaultiana , expressa na Arqueologia do saber e na noção de processos de subjetivação. Na discussão enfatiza-se a manutenção do ideal da clínica visto como um lugar de prestígio, apesar da ocorrência de trabalho aviltado neste terreno, assim como se ressalta a força individualizante do dispositivo “psi”. Este se apresenta como heterogêneo, a partir de seu acoplamento com determinados aspectos da formação acadêmica (dispositivo de pesquisa, dispositivo de clínica), com tratamentos psicoterápicos e analíticos e, principalmente, com a inserção social (dispositivo de ascensão social ou de manutenção do status quo) dos estudantes. / Understanding that Neoliberalism caused an increase in the social vulnerability of undergraduates, including the ones who have a Psychology’s degree, this study discusses the subjectification processes of three different groups of senior Psychology students. In this context, a sort of “suffering subject” emerges, produced by the distance between the “professional ideal” (identity project) built in conditions that no longer exist, and the reality of the labor market that they have to face. This “suffering subject” is the site of an affliction that seems to differ according to the student’s social insertion and to the psychological knowledge emphasized by their undergraduate formation. The interviews were based upon a biographical approach (R. Cabanes and D. Bertaux) and the theoretical frame searches to establish a dialogue between Psychoanalysis and the thought of Michel Foucault and Robert Castel. The development of this work was subject to constant epistemological tension caused by the effort to create critical distance from the subject’s philosophy and to establish a point of view free of disciplinary constrains, with the help of Foucault’s Archeology of knowledge and his concept of subjectification process. In the discussion we point out the excessively valued ideal of the private clinical practice (despite its gradual loss of ground) as well as the individualizing power of the psychological theoretical framing devices (dispositif in french). Being heterogeneous, this “framing” takes different forms according to the coupling determined by aspects related to the academic trajectory (research framing devices, private practice framing devices), psychotherapeutic and psychoanalytical treatments and, most of all, the social insertion of students (social rising or status quo maintenance possibilities related to a psychology degree).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brice Sampaio Teles Fonteles.pdf: 529236 bytes, checksum: 4e63b67a330f765a63a8476e20becd66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-10 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The present dissertation approaches publicity aimed at children, specifically the one which is shown on television media. It is here emphasized problems generated by childhood consumerism and how this consumeristic behavior is related to publicity aimed at children. Brazilian Consumer Protection Code considers the publicity aimed at children abusive because it takes advantage of the lack of experience and ability to judge attributed to children, who are still developing individuals, and for this reason have their rights broadly secured by the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Brazilian Child and Adolescent Statute. The encounter of these three set of laws establishes a complete protection system that makes publicity aimed at children intrinsically illegal. In conclusion, this restriction could coexist with the state of democratic rights, considering citizenship development based on infancy protection, which could be secured by laws or by the civil society as a whole. / A presente dissertação aborda a temática da publicidade dirigida ao público infantil, especialmente aquela veiculada através da mídia televisiva. Para tanto, ressaltam-se os problemas advindos do consumismo na infância e como estes estão diretamente ligados à publicidade dirigida às crianças. Esse tipo de publicidade é considerado abusivo pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor porque se vale da deficiência de julgamento e experiência das crianças que são seres humanos em formação. Em virtude dessa peculiaridade, segundo a Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, a infância deve ser protegida de forma abrangente. O entrelaçamento dessas três normas aponta para um sistema de proteção integral que torna intrinsecamente ilegal toda a publicidade dirigida ao público infantil. Conclui-se ainda que essa restrição pode coexistir com o estado democrático de direito tendo em vista o desenvolvimento da cidadania em razão da proteção destinada à infância, seja através de diplomas legais, seja por meio de ações da sociedade como um todo.

This thesis examines the moderating effect of dispositional reinvestment upon ‘choking’ in cognitive based tasks such as decision-making. Study 1 tested sixty-three participants’ performances on low- and high-complexity tests of motor skill, psychomotor skill and working memory under low- and high-pressure conditions. The association between reinvestment and choking was shown to extend beyond the motor skill domain to cognitive tasks, particularly those that tax working memory, with task complexity moderating this relationship. Next, a psychometric scale to identify individuals more susceptible to impaired decision-making under pressure was developed. A 13-item decision-specific version of the Reinvestment Scale (Masters, Polman, & Hammond, 1993) measuring an individual’s propensity to engage in conscious control and manifestations of ruminative thoughts emerged following factor analysis. Initial assessment of the scale’s predictive validity showed scores were highly correlated with coaches’ ratings of players’ tendency to choke. The final two studies examined choking using sport specific decision-making tasks. Initial findings were inconclusive, as choking was not observed. It was suggested the task lacked the sufficient cognitive demands to induce reinvestment. The last study, manipulating task complexity, found dispositional reinvestment to be associated with choking in the high complexity condition. The Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale was also shown to be a better predictor of choking than the original scale. Overall, support was found for the hypothesis that Reinvestment is detrimental to performance under pressure in cognitive based tasks; however may not be the sole cause of disrupted performance. Masters and Maxwell’s (2004) concept of a working memory based explanation and Mullen and Hardy (2000) attentional threshold hypothesis offer a potential explanation to the findings.

Syftet med arbetet är att identifiera utmaningar som kan hindra att modeller av hög kvalitet utvecklas vid tillämpningen av verksamhetsmodellering. Arbetet har även till syfte att stötta modelleringsledare i sitt arbete med att utveckla modeller av hög kvalitet genom att öka kunskapen om de utmaningar som kan komma att uppstå. För att uppnå arbetets syfte har den kvalitativa forskningsansatsen tillämpats. Kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer har genomförts i kombination med en litteraturgenomgång. Resultatet av den empiriska undersökningen frambringade 12 utmaningar med verksamhetsmodellering. Vidare identifierades sju kvalitetsfaktorer som utgör modellkvalitet och åtta framgångsfaktorer som bör uppfyllas för att uppnå kvalitet i modelleringsprocessen. Utmaningarna, kvalitetsfaktorerna och framgångsfaktorerna bör inte nonchaleras vid tillämpning av verksamhetsmodellering.

This multidisciplinary thesis is concerned with the prediction of drug formulations for the reduction of drug toxicity. Both scientific and computational approaches are utilised to make original contributions to the field of predictive toxicology. The first part of this thesis provides a detailed scientific discussion on all aspects of drug formulation and toxicity. Discussions are focused around the principal mechanisms of drug toxicity and how drug toxicity is studied and reported in the literature. Furthermore, a review of the current technologies available for formulating drugs for toxicity reduction is provided. Examples of studies reported in the literature that have used these technologies to reduce drug toxicity are also reported. The thesis also provides an overview of the computational approaches currently employed in the field of in silico predictive toxicology. This overview focuses on the machine learning approaches used to build predictive QSAR classification models, with examples discovered from the literature provided. Two methodologies have been developed as part of the main work of this thesis. The first is focused on use of directed bipartite graphs and Venn diagrams for the visualisation and extraction of drug-vehicle relationships from large un-curated datasets which show changes in the patterns of toxicity. These relationships can be rapidly extracted and visualised using the methodology proposed in chapter 4. The second methodology proposed, involves mining large datasets for the extraction of drug-vehicle toxicity data. The methodology uses an area-under-the-curve principle to make pairwise comparisons of vehicles which are classified according to the toxicity protection they offer, from which predictive classification models based on random forests and decisions trees are built. The results of this methodology are reported in chapter 6.

Article 334 of the Constitution of India (1950) stipulates that certain electoral districts in each state should be reserved for minority groups, namely the “Scheduled Caste”(SC) and the Scheduled Tribe”(ST), through the reservation of seats in the states' legislative assemblies. Even though the original article stated that the reservation policy would be in place for just twenty years, it has been amended several times and is still in effect. This dissertation examines the impact of the policy on the education and health outcomes of the SC population. Variations in seat quotas are generated by the timing of elections in different states and the states’ fluctuating SC populations. The first paper on education uses data from 25 Indian States and 3 Union Territories for the years 1990-2011 to form a panel dataset to estimate the impact of the quota system on both enrollment and dropout rates among SC students in all levels of schooling. I use the fixed effect regression to test the mechanisms through which an elected SC legislator could have an influence on the education outcomes for the SC population in the represented state. I then use the resulting variables as my controls to identify the causal relationship using the dynamic panel data model. I find that a SC legislator has the potential to influence the number of schools built, as well as the amount of education and welfare expenditure allocated to the SC population. Moreover, I find that the SC political reservation has a positive and statistically significant impact on the SC enrollment rates and a negative and significant impact on the dropout rates, in all levels of schooling. Likewise, I use the NFHS-3 dataset and the Cox Proportional Hazard Model to estimate the hazard rates (risks of dying) of children under the age of 12 months (IMR) and under the age of 60 months (U5MR) as influenced by different SC quota share quintiles. I find that the 50-60% quota-share quintile has the biggest impact in reducing the IMR and U5MR among the SC children.

No description available.