This thesis analyzes the current religious tourism in Italy. It charts the world and the Italian pilgrimage sites and their religious significance. It describes tourism in Italy with a focus on cultural tourism, UNESCO, financing cultural tourism and Italian bureaucracy. The first part describes the different forms of tourism in Italy, methods of promotion of tourism and the benefit of UNESCO. The following chapter is about the phenomenon of pilgrimage, especially its history and different types of motivation. The third chapter describes the care of monuments in Italy. The last part examines tourism in a significant pilgrimage Italian city of Assisi, focusing on some of the economic indicators.

Current policy and course of Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage The dissertation "Current policy and course of Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" will focus on current policy of UNESCO in Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (the Convention), reflection of its recent past, current situation and future visions. Dissertation will mainly follow implementation of Global Strategy for Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List, which significantly influenced the policy of the Convention and other strategic plans accepted by State Parties. Global Strategy significantly changed demands on the nomination documentation, nomination process and listing of new properties in the World Heritage List in past few years. These changes are also closely related to the participation of Advisory Bodies of the Convention (ICOMOS, IUCN, ICCROM) on national and international level. Recent changes were reflected not only in demands to State Parties but also in implementation of the Convention, for example by changing the voting system to the World Heritage Committee and efforts for more effective financing system of expenses necessary for implementation of the Convention. This...

The article at hand concerns itself with evaluating the impact the State Cooperation System has had on how underwater cultural heritage is dealt with in international waters. A total of six researched cases, including the infamous Titanic and the currently controversial San José, attest that the notion of the Coordinating State has yet to deliver a higher standard of protection for cultural assets underwater. Also, generic ramifications caused by the superficial configuration of the treaty, such as disregarding private stakeholders and elements of bureaucracy, are identified. The discontent with cooperative jurisdictional provisions seems to be omnipresent. This affirms the need for reforming the Convention itself, even in consideration of the sixth Meeting of State Parties’ Draft Ratification and Implementation Strategy. In order to provide a workable proposal for reform, the authors acknowledge the potential role model effect of existing systems of shared jurisdiction. In conclusion, it is suggested to upgrade the convention’s Scientific and Technical Advisory Body (STAB) and assign it the identification of underwater cultural heritage, notifying state parties with a verifiable link to the heritage site as well as taking emergency measures. This is consistent with missions the STAB has already deployed to assist state parties on-site and preliminary deliberations to strengthen the support and funding of the STAB in the aforementioned Draft Ratification and Implementation Strategy.

I ett allt mer informationsrikt samhälle ställs det nya krav på dagens ungdomar att klara av att möta och hantera det. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att ge en överblick över aktuell forskning som behandlar vilka typer av förmågor som är nödvändiga att ungdomar utvecklar i dagens globaliserade och digitala informationssamhälle. Vidare var syftet även att redogöra för det forskningen tar upp gällande hur detta på olika sätt utmanar skol-och utbildningsväsendet för att stödja och främja ungdomars möjlighet att hantera information. För att besvara våra frågeställningar har vi använt oss av dels svensk som internationella studier. Forskningens resultat har analyserats i relation till Siemens lärandeteori konnektivismen och UNESCO:s definition av begreppet MIK som står för media-och informationskunnighet. Anledningen till detta var för att få djupare svar på våra frågeställningar gällande vilka förmågor ungdomar behöver utveckla samt vad skolan och dess lärare behöver förändra. Resultatet i litteraturstudien har visat att ungdomar bör utveckla förmågor i att hantera digitala verktyg och att utvärdera och kritiskt granska information. För att ungdomars livslånga lärande ska gynnas krävs det att skolan gör förändringar i sitt nuvarande arbete med att utveckla barn och ungdomars förmågor i att hantera information.

This thesis deals with sacral architecture in northeastern Slovakia, which contributes to the importance of the Šariš region. Some of the buildings (Bodružal, Hervartov and Ladomirová) are included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. The aim of this thesis was dendrochronological dating of selected wooden churches in this region. Based on standard dendrochronological procedures, remove, prepare and measure samples as well as anatomically identify the woods used to build churches. For the purpose of this work, 8 churches of the log structure were selected (Bodružal, Frička, Hervartov, Jedlinka, Kožany, Krivé, Ladomirová, Lukov), of which 118 samples were taken using a Pressler increment borer and 25 photographs for image analysis. The most represented wood was fir (130 samples). A total of 143 samples collected resulted in a successful dating of all churches. The oldest of the dated churches was in Hervartov, where the timber was mined between 1589 and 1593. On the other hand, the youngest of the dated churches was the church in Krive, dating from 1822 to 1826. to the early 19th century. Synchronized annual ring curves were used to construct a local standard chronology that covers the period between 1465 and 1845. This local standard chronology can be used for further determination of wooden churches not only in eastern Slovakia but also in the vicinity. Dating contributes to the clarification of the building history of some churches, as the literature often states inconsistencies.

Despite a constant rise in the attainment of Sats results year on year, the perception remains that British primary school children are underachieving and that they are reluctant readers and writers. In order to motivate their students, some teachers use films as a visual stimulus to provide students with ideas and create a personal and emotion connection with the written text. In the school years of 2013/14 I followed 21 primary classes which were taking part in a ‘film literacy’ scheme run by Bradford UNESCO City of Film. This initiative saw the training of teachers in the use of film as a tool in literacy lesson with the hope to raise attainment and motivation. Students and teachers completed questionnaires and interviews which were analysed in conjunction with observations and the students’ literacy grades. The research showed that both students and teachers recorded an increase in motivation. Further, significant progress in attainment also became evident: film literacy students raised their grades by 23.3% beyond the expected year-on-year increase. Improvements in inference, comprehension and vocabulary were especially praised. Students from schools with a low-income environment benefitted in particular. The research discusses six potential reasons for these changes, two of which are based on the belief that film is a particularly suitable medium for teaching as it engages students emotionally. Although the thesis acknowledges that Bradford involved a unique group of schools in the film literacy training and research, it nevertheless argues that film could be useful addition to primary classrooms due to its potential ability to raise standards and engage reluctant young writers.

学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第23348号 / 総総博第21号 / 新制||総総||4(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)准教授 DEROCHE Marc-Henri Jean, 教授 IALNAZOV Dimiter Savov, 教授 水谷 雅彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DGAM

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This thesis constitutes a theory-guided case study of development communication and communication for development usage within different agencies at the United Nations. The study initially presents theories on development communication and communication for development, as interpreted, explained, and defined by researchers within the field. Then, the thesis applies the theories on development communication and communication for development to cases within the United Nations. The cases included in the study are; the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nation’s Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The results of the study demonstrate that; UNICEF utilizes development communication and communication for development in a manner that is in line with the definitions laid forth by Quebral as well as Fraser and Restrepo-Estrada. There is a connection between the way UNESCO uses development communication and communication for development and the theories put forth by Fraser and Restrepo-Estrada as well as Waisbord. The theories of Quebral and Waisbord are applicable to the work carried out by the UNDP. And lastly, the way in which FAO utilizes communication for development is in line with the definitions laid forth by Quebral as well as Fraser and Restrepo-Estrada.

Située dans le discours actuel à la mode sur la diversité culturelle, l’objet de cette thèse consiste à comprendre l’orientation pratique d’une organisation internationale en matière de gestion de sa diversité culturelle interne. Il propose que, face aux changements qui ont modifié la configuration sociodémographique de la sphère organisationnelle, il serait intéressant de partir d’une organisation pour laquelle la diversité est une tradition tributaire de son fonctionnement. L’organisation sujet d’étude est internationale, affiliée à l’Unesco. Cette dernière étant reconnue pour son mandat qui valorise et protège les cultures. L’ancrage épistémologique de la thèse est bi-disciplinaire. Il considère deux champs théoriques sur lesquels se construit la diversité culturelle. Le premier est forgé dans les théories de management dites « occidentales » sur la diversité. Le deuxième champ, s’établit sur une approche dynamique de la culture apportée par les « Cross-Cultural Studies ». La méthodologie que nous avons mobilisée pour cette recherche est principalement qualitative. Elle est également diverse puisqu’elle veut identifier trois niveaux d’analyses. D’abord, l’étude historique réalisée se fonde sur l’analyse d’articles choisis tirés des archives de l’« organisation mère » (Unesco). Elle se veut être une étude exhaustive qui révèle l’évolution du discours « global » de cette organisation sur la diversité culturelle depuis sa création. Ensuite, afin de mieux comprendre le discours interne de l’Organisation sur la diversité culturelle, une analyse du contenu d’un « halo » de ses politiques internes a lieu. Elle nous permet de comprendre la valeur que prend la diversité culturelle dans son discours « organisationnel » dans la période de temps que nous traitons. Enfin, les histoires « individuelles » des acteurs de la diversité culturelle, apportent une description riche et, complètent l’analyse avec leurs interprétions des pratiques de gestions mises en place à leur égard. Des éléments de recherche sous adjacentes sont aussi amenés dans la thèse et font également partie du processus de l’analyse de la pratique de la diversité culturelle dans l’Organisation. En effet, la thèse se penche sur le problème conceptuel sur la « diversité culturelle ». Elle apporte des éclaircissements à la terminologie à travers l’analyse de ses différents emplois dans la littérature organisationnelle. Par ailleurs, elle clarifie la notion d’organisation internationale et propose une description du contexte unesquien défini par sa diversité culturelle interne. L’ensemble des niveaux examinés a permis de mettre en évidence une double constatation. D’une part, le paradoxe entre les trois niveaux. D’autre part, la neutralité des pratiques de gestion de la diversité culturelle pour les employés et la demande implicite de reconnaissance de leurs identités culturelles. Des recommandations sont proposées et des suggestions pour de recherches ultérieures sont formulées à la conclusion de la thèse. / The thesis is developed in the current “in vogue” speech on cultural diversity. The main objective of our purpose consists in understanding the orientation of an international organization regarding the management of its cultural diversity. We think that, according to the change that modifies the socio-demographic configurations of the organizational context, it would be interesting to study an organization for which diversity is a tradition of its functioning. Our subject of study is an international organization affiliated to Unesco. The latter is recognized for its position, which values and protects the cultures. The field of knowledge is bi-disciplinary. The first one is forged in the theories of management on diversity. The second field comes from “Cross-Cultural Studies”. The methodological approach is also diversified in order to identify three levels of analysis of the cultural diversity in the Organisation. First, we have realized a historic study, based on the analysis of chosen articles from Unesco’s archives. It aims to reveal the evolution of the global discourse on cultural diversity, since its creation. Then, to better understand the internal organisational discourse about its cultural diversity, an analysis of the content of a “halo” of the internal policies takes place. This analysis allows us to understand the value of cultural diversity in a particular period. Finally, the stories of the actors of cultural diversity bring a rich description and complete the analysis with the interpretation of these actors of the management of the cultural diversity in the Organization. Additional elements of search are brought in the thesis and they are a part of the process of the analysis of the global orientation of the Organisation on the cultural diversity. We bring clarifications to the terminology of cultural diversity though an analysis of its use on the organisational literature. Besides, the thesis clarifies the notion of international organisation and proposes a description of the unesquian context defined by its internal cultural diversity. All the examined levels allowed highlighting a double observation. On one hand the paradox between the three levels; Global-organisational-individual. On the other hand, the neutrality of the practices of management of the cultural diversity and the request of recognition of the cultural identities, implicitly formulated by them. In conclusion, we provide the contributions and limitations of the thesis and we propose research possibilities.