Interpretando Sentimento da dialética, de Paulo Arantes, situado na tradição da filosofia hegeliana, a partir de seu vínculo com Ressentimento da dialética, do mesmo Autor, e inserido na dialética da Aufklärung, tal como a concebem Adorno e Horkheimer,a pesquisa busca apontar que o ponto de partida da crítica antissistêmica, hoje, é a resistência à sua conversão em ideologia. / The starting point of this study is the work of Paulo Arantes, Sentimento da dialética, which follows the Hegelian philosophical tradition. In addition, it takes into account the relationship of this book with another, Ressentimento da dialética, by the same author. It is an attempt to contextualize the two works in the dialectic of Aufklärung, according to the interpretation of Adorno and Horkheimer. Finally, the research seeks to demonstrate that the antissistêmica Critical depends on the resistance to his own conversion in ideology.

A partir de uma perspectiva crítica, esta pesquisa analisa a maneira pela qual os programas políticos para mudanças climáticas e atividades compensatórias de gases de efeito estufa tornam-se realidade no território brasileiro. A pesquisa faz uma análise crítica da constituição de uma economia de baixo carbono na Amazônia, mais detidamente sobre seus desdobramentos em questões agrárias nos estados da Amazônia Legal, além de apresentar dois casos ilustrativos sobre projetos de carbono envolvendo florestas no estado do Pará. Busca-se, assim, discutir as coexistências e antagonismos nas relações que se estabelecem entre as atividades regulares de comunidades rurais seus usos econômicos e formas de convivência com a floresta amazônica (especificamente madeira e agricultura) , e a introdução dos atuais projetos de desmatamento evitado. Diante da complexidade na qual se apresenta o atual contexto das mudanças climáticas, a pesquisa se vale de uma análise que se apropria de conceitos fundamentais para geografia contemporânea, como acumulação por espoliação, desenvolvimento geográfico desigual e produção da natureza. Com isso, apresenta-se, ao longo da tese, as questões centrais a respeito de como a floresta amazônica passa a ter novos valores de uso e troca no contexto das mudanças climáticas e como sua ressignificação passa a representar novas estratégias de acumulação de capital. / From a critical perspective, this research examines the ways in which political programs on climate change and compensatory activities of greenhouse gases become reality in Brazil. The research analyzes the establishment of a low carbon economy in the Amazon, more specifically on its consequences on land issues in the Amazonian states, and present two illustrative cases of carbon projects involving forests in the state of Pará. It discusses about the coexistences and antagonisms in relations established between the regular activities of rural communities - their economic uses and ways of living together with the Amazon rainforest (specifically wood and agriculture) - and the introduction of the current projects \"deforestation avoided\". On the complexity that presents the current context of climate change, the research relies on an analysis from fundamental concepts for contemporary geography, as \"accumulation by dispossession\", \"uneven geographical development\" and \"production of nature\". Thus, it presents, along the thesis, the central question about how the Amazon forest is replaced by new use-value and exchange in the context of climate change and how their resignification comes to represent new strategies of accumulation of capital.

[pt] Devido ao avanço e à proliferação de sistemas de comunicações wireless, como por exemplo, sistemas de Terceira Geração (3G), Wi-fi e WiMax e, também, o uso de tecnologias como o OFDM (Ortogonal Frequency Division Multiplex), as frequências de operação estão cada vez maiores, face à escassez de espectro. Nesse âmbito, é importante conhecer o comportamento do sinal rádio móvel recebido na presença do canal rádio. Considerando os fatos citados, este trabalho apresenta resultados experimentais de campanhas de medições que permitiram caracterizar o comportamento do canal de rádio-propagação em ambientes com característica suburbana e rural, a análise empírica do comportamento faixa estreita do sinal rádio móvel assim como a análise em faixa larga. As campanhas de medições foram feitas na cidade de Tanguá, BR101-Km 275, cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com um setup de Transmissão na frequência de operação de 5.765 GHz, na faixa de frequência de característica de uso livre, montado no segundo andar (Terraço) do prédio da câmara municipal da prefeitura de Tanguá, considerado um dos pontos altos da cidade. O receptor móvel foi montado dentro do laboratório móvel de telecomunicações (van de medições) com uma antena receptora sobre o teto da van. Serão apresentados, também, os métodos de medição que deverão ser adotados tanto para faixa estreita quanto para faixa larga, a fim de se conseguir dados para realizar uma análise mais completa do canal. Assim, a pesquisa estará baseada em caracterizar a cobertura dos enlaces em 5,8 GHz, obtendo a maior quantidade de informação a respeito das características do canal, incluindo as estatísticas de pequena escala e larga escala, os modelos que melhor se ajustam ao canal, e os parâmetros de dispersão. / [en] Due to the improvements and proliferation of wireless communication systems, such as Third Generation (3G), Wi-Fi, WiMax and the use of technologies like OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) the operation frequencies are increasing due the lack of available spectrum. In this context, it is important to understand the behavior of the radio signal received over the radio channel. Considering the facts mentioned above, this work presents experimental results of measurement campaigns, allowing the characterization of radio channel propagation behavior in environments with suburban and rural characteristics, the empirical analysis of narrow band mobile radio signal behavior and also the wideband analysis. The measurement campaigns were performed in the city of Tanguá, BR101, Km 275, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, with a transmission setup operating in the frequency of 5.765 GHz, in the ISM frequency range, assembled on the second floor (roof) of the town hall building of Tanguá, considered one of the tallest points in the city. The mobile receiver was setup inside the telecommunications mobile lab (a van used in the measurements) with a receiving antenna placed on the roof of the van. The measurement methods that must be adopted for both narrowband and broadband to obtain enough data to conduct a more comprehensive analysis of the channel are also presented. Thus, the research is based on characterizing the coverage of the 5.8 GHz links, obtaining as much information as possible about the characteristics of the channel, including small-scale and large-scale statistics, models that best fit the channel, and dispersion parameters.

Drawing mainly on Lefebvre’s, Soja’s and Smith’s theorizations of space in order to understand the spatial dynamics of social inequality, this study investigates how a low-income Syrian refugee community negotiates its precarious location in a neighborhood on the periphery of one of Cairo’s desert ‘New Towns’. It also examines the way in which urban spatiality shapes the everyday lived reality of this particular community of Syrians. Through an ethnographic focus, I explore how Syrian people living in Cairo are marginalized through broader processes of neoliberal capitalist development which in turn give rise to socio-spatial disparities within cityspace. By developing the concept of socio-spatial exclusion imbued with defiant (hyper)locality, I argue that although these Syrian refugees lack access to transportation and other types of social services, they nevertheless manage to disrupt the spatial status-quo by devising creative solutions to problems concerning amenity availability in the neighborhood where they live. The investigation of these urban trajectories are guided by the notion that spatiality is at once a social product as well as a force in shaping social life. Research for this project draws on multiple sources, including conversations with neighborhood residents, interviews with NGOs and Cairo-based specialists on refugees and urban development, as well as ethnographic observation, an online questionnaire, satellite imagery and social media content.

Esse trabalho apresenta um auto-relato da construção da performance da obra Changes (1983) para violão de Elliott Carter, com uma análise estrutural e sua relação com as dificuldades encontradas ao longo do processo de estudo. Foram utilizadas estratégias de estudo já conhecidas e novas foram criadas à medida do necessário. O trabalho oferece um plano para o estudo rítmico da peça, propondo exercícios direcionados para as dificuldades encontradas, as quais se relacionaram principalmente com as configurações de quiálteras de cinco e com as modulações métricas. A identificação de personagens musicais foi fundamental para a construção da interpretação de Changes. A sistematização do plano de estudo apresentado assim como as estratégias criadas poderão auxiliar a preparação dessa e outras obras. / This work presents a self-report concerning the construction of the performance of Changes (1983) for guitar, by Elliot Carter, with a structural analysis and its relationship towards the difficulties encountered during its preparation. Well-known learning strategies were applied and new ones were created when necessary. A plan for the study of the rhythmic complexities of the piece was elaborated with exercises that address the difficulties encountered, especially those pertaining to the quintuplets and metric modulation. The identification of musical characters was fundamental for the construction of the interpretation of the piece. The system organized as the study plan, as well as the learning strategies developed may help others in the preparation of this and other works.

Esse trabalho apresenta um auto-relato da construção da performance da obra Changes (1983) para violão de Elliott Carter, com uma análise estrutural e sua relação com as dificuldades encontradas ao longo do processo de estudo. Foram utilizadas estratégias de estudo já conhecidas e novas foram criadas à medida do necessário. O trabalho oferece um plano para o estudo rítmico da peça, propondo exercícios direcionados para as dificuldades encontradas, as quais se relacionaram principalmente com as configurações de quiálteras de cinco e com as modulações métricas. A identificação de personagens musicais foi fundamental para a construção da interpretação de Changes. A sistematização do plano de estudo apresentado assim como as estratégias criadas poderão auxiliar a preparação dessa e outras obras. / This work presents a self-report concerning the construction of the performance of Changes (1983) for guitar, by Elliot Carter, with a structural analysis and its relationship towards the difficulties encountered during its preparation. Well-known learning strategies were applied and new ones were created when necessary. A plan for the study of the rhythmic complexities of the piece was elaborated with exercises that address the difficulties encountered, especially those pertaining to the quintuplets and metric modulation. The identification of musical characters was fundamental for the construction of the interpretation of the piece. The system organized as the study plan, as well as the learning strategies developed may help others in the preparation of this and other works.

Esse trabalho apresenta um auto-relato da construção da performance da obra Changes (1983) para violão de Elliott Carter, com uma análise estrutural e sua relação com as dificuldades encontradas ao longo do processo de estudo. Foram utilizadas estratégias de estudo já conhecidas e novas foram criadas à medida do necessário. O trabalho oferece um plano para o estudo rítmico da peça, propondo exercícios direcionados para as dificuldades encontradas, as quais se relacionaram principalmente com as configurações de quiálteras de cinco e com as modulações métricas. A identificação de personagens musicais foi fundamental para a construção da interpretação de Changes. A sistematização do plano de estudo apresentado assim como as estratégias criadas poderão auxiliar a preparação dessa e outras obras. / This work presents a self-report concerning the construction of the performance of Changes (1983) for guitar, by Elliot Carter, with a structural analysis and its relationship towards the difficulties encountered during its preparation. Well-known learning strategies were applied and new ones were created when necessary. A plan for the study of the rhythmic complexities of the piece was elaborated with exercises that address the difficulties encountered, especially those pertaining to the quintuplets and metric modulation. The identification of musical characters was fundamental for the construction of the interpretation of the piece. The system organized as the study plan, as well as the learning strategies developed may help others in the preparation of this and other works.

A partir de uma perspectiva crítica, esta pesquisa analisa a maneira pela qual os programas políticos para mudanças climáticas e atividades compensatórias de gases de efeito estufa tornam-se realidade no território brasileiro. A pesquisa faz uma análise crítica da constituição de uma economia de baixo carbono na Amazônia, mais detidamente sobre seus desdobramentos em questões agrárias nos estados da Amazônia Legal, além de apresentar dois casos ilustrativos sobre projetos de carbono envolvendo florestas no estado do Pará. Busca-se, assim, discutir as coexistências e antagonismos nas relações que se estabelecem entre as atividades regulares de comunidades rurais seus usos econômicos e formas de convivência com a floresta amazônica (especificamente madeira e agricultura) , e a introdução dos atuais projetos de desmatamento evitado. Diante da complexidade na qual se apresenta o atual contexto das mudanças climáticas, a pesquisa se vale de uma análise que se apropria de conceitos fundamentais para geografia contemporânea, como acumulação por espoliação, desenvolvimento geográfico desigual e produção da natureza. Com isso, apresenta-se, ao longo da tese, as questões centrais a respeito de como a floresta amazônica passa a ter novos valores de uso e troca no contexto das mudanças climáticas e como sua ressignificação passa a representar novas estratégias de acumulação de capital. / From a critical perspective, this research examines the ways in which political programs on climate change and compensatory activities of greenhouse gases become reality in Brazil. The research analyzes the establishment of a low carbon economy in the Amazon, more specifically on its consequences on land issues in the Amazonian states, and present two illustrative cases of carbon projects involving forests in the state of Pará. It discusses about the coexistences and antagonisms in relations established between the regular activities of rural communities - their economic uses and ways of living together with the Amazon rainforest (specifically wood and agriculture) - and the introduction of the current projects \"deforestation avoided\". On the complexity that presents the current context of climate change, the research relies on an analysis from fundamental concepts for contemporary geography, as \"accumulation by dispossession\", \"uneven geographical development\" and \"production of nature\". Thus, it presents, along the thesis, the central question about how the Amazon forest is replaced by new use-value and exchange in the context of climate change and how their resignification comes to represent new strategies of accumulation of capital.

Interpretando Sentimento da dialética, de Paulo Arantes, situado na tradição da filosofia hegeliana, a partir de seu vínculo com Ressentimento da dialética, do mesmo Autor, e inserido na dialética da Aufklärung, tal como a concebem Adorno e Horkheimer,a pesquisa busca apontar que o ponto de partida da crítica antissistêmica, hoje, é a resistência à sua conversão em ideologia. / The starting point of this study is the work of Paulo Arantes, Sentimento da dialética, which follows the Hegelian philosophical tradition. In addition, it takes into account the relationship of this book with another, Ressentimento da dialética, by the same author. It is an attempt to contextualize the two works in the dialectic of Aufklärung, according to the interpretation of Adorno and Horkheimer. Finally, the research seeks to demonstrate that the antissistêmica Critical depends on the resistance to his own conversion in ideology.

What happened in the post-Soviet, European grain-belt after collective farms were dissolved and in what way can we say that collective farm legacies influence agrarian developments in this region today? These are the main questions of this thesis, which is a work of critical human geography, but is also inspired by theories, methods and approaches from the social sciences, broadly defined. Territorially, the focus is Ukraine, but several articles in this thesis take a wider geographic perspective beyond Ukraine, in particular taking into account the role of Nordic investors in the agrarian sector in Ukraine and Russia. The main aim of this thesis is to examine how farms of different sizes – from small peasant farms to super large corporate farms – develop and change in post-communist circumstances. Another purpose is to reinterpret Soviet agrarian history, in light of what happened after the collapse of communism, in order to incorporate the Soviet experience in a global historical narrative, and to better understand the legacy of collective farming today. These issues are explored in four papers and a comprehensive summary. The first article examines small-scale, household “peasant” agriculture in southern Ukraine and shows the conditions and factors, which have contributed to an impressive intensification of farming in certain villages. The second article investigates large-scale, Nordic investments in Ukrainian and Russian agriculture, with the aim of explaining why many (but not all) such investments have not succeeded to the degree that investors hoped. The third paper focuses on the legacy and afterlife of Soviet-era investments in large-scale irrigation in southern Ukraine, and uses the post-Soviet reincarnation of irrigation in this region to problematize traditional narratives on Soviet environmental management in a global context. The fourth paper, with a wider historical lens, explains the link between collective farms and today’s agroholding agriculture in much of the region, while also discussing the sustainability crisis in agriculture both in a Soviet and post-Soviet context, concluding with a description of a possible and ironic (but by no means inevitable) scenario whereby post-Soviet agriculture saves global capitalism.  Theoretically, this thesis is informed by agrarian political economy; related, contemporary debates on the financialization of agriculture; and critical human geography discussions on uneven development and the geographies of difference. This thesis also is inspired by Actor Network Theory, and the view that reality is constituted by hybrid subject-objects, which are instantiated through the agency of an assemblage or network of different actors, material things, discourses, institutions, etc... While such Actor Network approaches are certainly not new, their application to Soviet and post-Soviet change is relatively new. The source material, which is the basis for the empirical approach of this thesis, is eclectic, and produced via mixed methods from different locations. Analysis is based on interviews (75 interviews in southern Ukraine, in Kyiv, and in Stockholm, plus 28 visits to household farms in one study village in southern Ukraine); participant observation (carried out in the study village in southern Ukraine and in corporate shareholder meetings mostly in Stockholm); various texts, such as corporate documents and newspaper commentary; agricultural statistics; and satellite data.  Among other conclusions, this thesis argues that, given certain factors, small-scale, household agriculture can be viable, at the same time that the concentration and consolidation of agriculture into large-scale holdings is likely to continue, at least in the short term. This thesis also highlights similarities between Soviet and capitalist agriculture in a global historical context, which is one reason that the transformation from Soviet to capitalist agriculture could occur so fast in some areas. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>