Tires are the most influential component of the vehicle as they constitute the only contact between the vehicle and the road and have to generate and transmit forces necessary for the driver to control the vehicle. The demand for the tire models are increasing due to the need to study the variations of force generation mechanisms due to various variables such as load, pressure, speed, and road surface irregularities. Another need from the vehicle manufactures is the study of potential incompatibilities associated with safety systems such as Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and tires. For vehicle dynamic simulations pertaining to the design of safety systems such as ABS, ESC and ride controllers, an accurate and computationally efficient tire model is required. As these control algorithms become more advanced, they require accurate and extended validity in the range of frequencies required to cover dynamic response due to short wavelength road disturbances, braking and steering torque variations. Major thrust has been provided by the tire industry to develop simulation models that accurately predict the dynamic response of tires without the use of computationally intensive tools such as FEA. The objectives of this research are • To develop, implement and validate a rigid ring tire model and a simulation tool to assist both tire designers and the automotive industry in analyzing the effects of tire belt vibrations, road disturbances, and high frequency brake and steering torque variations on the handling, braking, and ride performances of the vehicle. • To further enhance the tire model by considering dynamic stiffness changes and temperature dependent friction properties. • To develop, and implement novel control algorithms for braking, stability, and ride performance improvements of the vehicle / Ph. D.

This study compares financially optimal uneven-aged and even-aged silvicultural regimes of loblolly pine (Pinus Taeda). Uneven-aged regimes which maximize net present value (NPV) are found by quantifying the effects of diameter distribution (Q factor), maximum diameter, cutting cycle, and residual basal area on NPV. For the benchmark inputs, the regime yielding the highest NPV had a maximum diameter of 12 inches, residual basal area of 45 ft²/acre, and a cutting cycle of 11 years. Financially optimal even-aged regimes are taken from published literature of even-aged silviculture. Even-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural regimes are simulated starting from, 1) bare land, 2) a balanced uneven-aged loblolly pine stand, and 3) a mature even-aged loblolly pine stand. For the three starting conditions and selected benchmark variable values, simulation of even-aged silviculture yields NPVs of $877, $2,152 and $3,400 per acre and simulation of uneven-aged silviculture yields NPVs of $644, $2,084, and $2,569 per acre. Sensitivity analysis shows, for the levels of the variables tested, that even-aged silviculture yields higher NPVs than uneven-aged silviculture when starting from bare land or from a mature even-aged stand. When starting from an uneven-aged stand, for the variable values tested, uneven and even-aged silviculture are financially very competitive. Aside from the aesthetic benefits of avoiding clearcutting under uneven-aged silviculture, non-timber considerations between loblolly pine silvicultural systems are not well documented. Resource professionals hold opinions often in direct conflict with each other regarding the non-timber costs and benefits of even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture when considering wildlife, soil and water, and catastrophic damage events. / Master of Science

This study attempts to capture the role and limits of the erstwhile Bophuthatswana state in implementing a set of reforms directed at the contradictions of uneven development, created by itself. This was undertaken on the basis of an internal hegemony perpetrated upon the rural masses, political patronage, and the role of the land-grabbing elite in supporting the regime on the basis of the resilience of its power. The realization that the Bophuthatswana state lacked the legitimacy, politically required to meet the aspirations of the majority of the people, in respect to sustained development on a democratic basis and, owing to a lack of popular support, resulted in a state which suffered from a fiscal, administrative and discontinuity crisis.The agrarian crisis was characterized in its objective and subjective dimensions in terms of sharply uneven development among the rural power base and in terms of massive rural poverty and political tensions. On this basis the study attempted to look at the management and role of general agriculture, extension, state veterinary services, training, and the failure of rural development initiatives within the former Bophuthatswana. The research hypothesis of the study was that efficient and effective management of veterinary services in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana were flawed due to the legitimacy crisis in state power. An urgent need thus exists and existed for a unifying framework that is sufficiently comprehensive to explain the fact of underdevelopment, and yet simple enough to provide a set of guidelines that can and could be more specific in historical, geographical and ideological contexts, in order to serve as a basis for policy formulation and political action in an emerging new South Africa.The hypothesis and research objectives of the study were validated by means of subjecting them to analysis and, in so doing qualitative open-ended interview schedules were utilized. In addition, discussion by the process of interview with personnel within specific organizations in the agricultural sector and other state departments within the administrative services were conducted overtime. In further validating the hypothesis and research objectives, quantitative structured questions were constructed with the study leader and tested with a pilot group. Field work was conducted at selected sites within the erstwhile Bophuthatswana. The collection and use of statistical data made available by government institutions at the time was also utilized. These methodologies lent themselves to validating the hypothesis and research objectives. The research findings highlight the outcomes of the research and verify the assertions made in this study. Amongst others, it was found that the Bophuthatswana state, entered into a fiscal administrative and discontinuity crisis from the very beginning of its so-called independence.Land reform and rural development programmes can be effective mechanisms in the creation of social articulation and mass based democratic regimes and that; this was not possible in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana; owing to a host of factors which were articulated and confirmed in the study.The study confirms that extension and training within agricultural development can play a pivotal role in accommodating change through the effective development of human resources. The study further confirms the view that non-formal education, extension, training and agricultural development must be pursued and coordinated, in the interest of a more acceptable society. Finally, the contradictions of the agrarian question and unequal development, against the equation of food and massive poverty, can only be expected to deepen in this region of South Africa. The study concludes with a host of recommendations for veterinary services reform, and for further research. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

A região de Caxias do Sul constitui o segundo pólo industrial mais importante do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, atrás somente da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Sua importância econômica, alicerçada em setores como o metal-mecânico automotivo, moveleiro e alimentício, perdura mesmo após a abertura comercial instaurada no Brasil a partir da década de 1990. Essa pesquisa esforça-se por analisar o problema da industrialização de Caxias do Sul sob o viés da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual, elaborada em sua versão mais refinada por David Harvey. Segundo esse enfoque, o desenvolvimento geográfico desigual é uma expressão da acumulação capitalista e resulta da tendência à concentração de recursos e riquezas (forças produtivas) em pontos nodais do espaço que contrastam com porções do espaço menos prósperas economicamente. Há, segundo essa interpretação, uma lógica universal que permeia as diferentes escalas da reprodução global da sociedade capitalista e que produz as diferenciações socioespaciais enquanto elemento inerente à sua dinâmica. Nesse sentido, o problema central dessa pesquisa consiste em compreender a formação de uma regionalidade da acumulação capitalista a partir da análise da indústria metal-mecânica automotiva no município de Caxias do Sul destacando os riscos e contradições do processo. Para isso, abordamos as fragilidades produzidas pela especialização produtiva regional e as estratégias utilizadas pelas empresas do setor para manter a competitividade econômica em um novo ambiente de negócios, com forte concorrência internacional. Enfatizamos ainda o papel das representações ideológicas para a reprodução de uma relativa estabilidade/coerência regional, diante das forças de desestruturação/reestruturação colocadas pela globalização. / The region of Caxias do Sul is among the largest industrial center in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, second only to the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre. Its economic relevance, based on sectors such as metalworking and automotive, furniture and food processing and manufacturing, persists even after Brazils trade opening in the 1990s. This research aims to analyze the question of the industrialization of Caxias do Sul drawing on the theory of uneven development, advanced in its most refined version by David Harvey. According to this theoretical framework, uneven geographical development is an expression of capitalist accumulation and results in the tendency towards a concentration of resources and wealth (productive forces) in nodal points of space that contrast with other, less prosperous areas in economic terms. There is, following Harvey, a universal logic that permeates the different scales of the global reproduction of capitalist society and produces the socio-spatial differentiations as an inherent element of its dynamic. Thus the central aim of this research is to understand the formation of a regionality of capitalist accumulation by analyzing the automotive and metalworking industry in the municipality of Caxias do Sul, as well as to highlight the risks and contradictions of this process. To do so, we focused on the vulnerabilities of the regional productive specialization and the strategies pursued by firms in this sector to keep competitive in a new business environment marked by strong foreign competition. We also emphasized the role of ideological representations in reproducing a relative stability and coherence in the region in a context of disorganizing and restructuring forces brought by globalization.

O objetivo da presente tese é compreender as relações entre a industrialização, o território e o desenvolvimento desigual da Região Metropolitana de Campinas RMC. Partindo da constatação de que a industrialização contemporânea é marcada por dinâmicas de concentração, dispersão e especialização territorial da produção industrial, são analisadas as novas relações das empresas industriais com o território, assim como as novas funções do Estado, das cidades e das regiões nos processos de produção. Os processos de concentração e dispersão territorial da indústria, bem como de especialização produtiva, são condição e produto das modificações da lógica da produção e das relações desta com o território. Mediadas pelas políticas estatais e novas formas de governança, essas alterações mútuas na produção e no território vêm favorecendo a redução dos custos de produção (de mão de obra, de transporte, de pesquisa e inovação etc.) e a implementação de processos produtivos mais flexíveis (evidenciada pelo crescimento das pequenas e médias empresas e a formação de arranjos produtivos locais), possibilitando a continuidade da industrialização na RMC. Além disso, a conformação da territorialidade da indústria, sobretudo de alta tecnologia, está implicada às progressivas modificações nas funções exercidas pelas cidades da região, a exemplo do crescimento e da concentração do setor terciário (e do setor de software, tecnologia da comunicação e informação), principalmente no município de Campinas, processos solidários à atividade industrial, que reafirmam a continuidade do desenvolvimento desigual (e combinado) e a importância da região na produção industrial contemporânea. / The purpose of this thesis is to understand the relations between industrialization, territory and the unequal development of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas RMC. Starting from the fact that contemporary industrialization is marked by concentration dynamics, dispersion and territorial specialization of industrial production, the new relations between industrial enterprises and the territory are analyzed, as well as the new roles played by the state, of cities and regions in production processes. Processes related to concentration and territorial dispersion of industry, as well as productive specialization, are condition and product of logic modifications in production and its relations with the territory. Mediated by state policies and new forms of governance, these mutual changes in production and in the territory have favored the reduction of production costs (labor, transport, research and innovation, etc.) and the implementation of more flexible production processes (as evidenced by the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises and the formation of local productive arrangements), enabling the industrialization permanence in the RMC. In addition, the conformation industrys territoriality, especially of high technology, is implicated in progressive changes in the functions performed by the regions cities, such as the growth and concentration of the tertiary sector (and the sector of software and communication and information technology), mainly in the city of Campinas, processes that are sympathetic to industrial activity, which reaffirm the continuity of uneven development (and combined) and the importance of such region in contemporary industrial production.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-07-05T16:46:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Daniel Roberto Torres.pdf: 5076151 bytes, checksum: 01ca2620ec362203257276712b740f14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T16:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Daniel Roberto Torres.pdf: 5076151 bytes, checksum: 01ca2620ec362203257276712b740f14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar a reprodução do trabalho artesanal no processo de acumulação desigual do capital e suas formas de institucionalização política diante estudo social dos países de Brasil e França. Realiza-se a problematização do trabalho artesanal desde o debate sobre a necessidade que tem o capital de reproduzir atividades artesanais na medida em que se desloca temporal e espacialmente. No desenvolvimento desigual, o trabalho artesanal apresenta formas de organização e institucionalização diferenciada entre países e regiões, o que dificulta uma compreensão sobre o seu significado atual e sua importância na economia dos países. Nesse sentido, a importância de um estudo comparativo radica em sua melhor compreensão do desenvolvimento da relação entre o trabalho artesanal e o sistema económico e político particular, visando encontrar o estado de diferenciação e igualização que o movimento de reestruturação capitalista apresenta e as possibilidades de ação para a classe trabalhadora. Como método se utiliza o materialismo histórico na base dialética da teoria do valor, e como mecanismo metodológico a teoria de estudos comparados de forma intra-regional e inter-regional. Conforme ao desenvolvimento do trabalho no estudo dos dois países é possível definir, na forma de tese, o seguinte: O desenvolvimento desigual do processo de industrialização comprometeu a diferenciação da divisão e classificação do trabalho artesanal de cada país de estudo, especialmente pelo fortalecimento da classe media na França que permitiu a configuração do setor artesanal com maior integração vertical das atividades técnicas ao mercado nacional, e no Brasil com o desenvolvimento de práticas culturais para uma classificação do artesanato e da identidade de artesão num movimento de integração horizontal ao capital. O processo de desenvolvimento geográfico desigual permitiu demostrar que existe uma tendência para a diferenciação e igualização do trabalho artesanal. Diferenciação nos diversos níveis de relação entre a divisão do trabalho e o capital, e igualização das condições de produção globalizada do trabalho artesanal pela via artística ou cultural. Por ultimo, a maior parte das ações coletivas dos trabalhadores artesanais é de caráter local, onde as lutas reivindicativas são fundamentais na proteção dos direitos privados de produção, mas não como projeto político mais abrangente. / The aim of the research is to analyze the reproduction of craft work in the process of uneven accumulation of capital and its forms of political institutionalization in the social study of the countries of Brazil and France. The problematization of the craft work is carried out since the debate about the necessity that the capital has to reproduce artisan activities to the extent to which it moves temporally and spatially. In the uneven development, the craft work presents different forms of organization and institutionalization between countries and regions, which hinders an understanding of its current meaning and its importance in the economy of the countries. In this sense, the importance of a comparative study lies in its better understanding of the development of the relationship between craft work and the particular economic and political system, in order to find the trajectory of differentiation and equalization that capitalist restructuring movement presents and the possibilities of action for the working class. Historical materialism method is used with the dialectical basis of value theory, and as a methodological mechanism, the theory of comparative studies in an intra-regional and interregional form. According to the development of the research of the two countries it is possible to define, as a thesis, the following: The uneven development of the industrialization process compromised the differentiation of the division and classification of craft work in each country of study, especially by the strengthening of the middle class in France, which allowed the configuration of the artisanal sector with more vertical integration of technical activities into the national market, and in Brazil with the development of cultural practices for a classification of craftsmanship and artisan identity in a movement of horizontal integration to capital. The uneven geographical development processes allowed demonstrate that there is a tendency for differentiation and equalization of craftsmanship. Differentiation in the diverse levels of the relation between the division of labor and capital; and equalization of globalized production of craft work by the artistic or cultural way. Finally, most of the collective actions of artisanal workers are local, where advocacy struggles are fundamental in protecting private production rights, but not as a broader political project.

No Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, ao norte do balneário Xangri-lá, a barreira holocênica encontra-se parcialmente coberta pela fase moderna e relativamente ativa de um campo de dunas transgressivo, enquanto que, ao sul deste balneário, o campo de dunas cobre completamente a barreira. Este trabalho contribuiu para o conhecimento acerca desse comportamento diferenciado de desenvolvimento da fase moderna do campo de dunas transgressivo sobre a barreira holocênica. Foram utilizadas séries temporais de vento (direção e velocidade) e precipitação de estações meteorológicas localizadas ao sul e ao norte de Xangri-lá, bem como foram realizadas medições simultâneas de vento, por meio de anemômetros portáteis, imediatamente ao norte e ao sul desse balneário. Potenciais de transporte de areia foram calculados para ambas as estações meteorológicas. Os registros históricos da estação de Tramandaí (mais ao sul) indicaram maiores velocidades de vento e menores de precipitação em relação à estação de Torres (mais ao norte). Devido a maior velocidade dos ventos em Tramandaí, o potencial de transporte de areia nessa localidade foi superior a Torres, indicando o favorecimento da migração das dunas em suas proximidades. O comportamento desigual de desenvolvimento da fase moderna do campo de dunas transgressivo pode então estar relacionado a maior velocidade e frequência dos ventos NNE, NE, ENE e E em Tramandaí (ou seja, ao sul de Xangri-lá), além da menor precipitação que também favorece um transporte de areia mais eficiente ao sul de Xangri-lá. / In the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, to the north of Xangri-lá beach, the Holocene barrier is partially covered by the modern and relatively active phase of a transgressive dune field, while to the south of this balneario the dune field completely covers the barrier. This work contributed to the knowledge about this differentiated development behavior of the modern phase of the transgressive dune field on the holocene barrier. Time series of wind (direction and speed) and precipitation of meteorological stations located to the south and north of Xangri-lá were used, as well as simultaneous wind measurements using portable anemometers, immediately to the north and south of this balneario. Sand transport potentials were calculated for both meteorological stations. Historical records of the Tramandaí station (further south) indicated higher wind speeds and lower precipitation relative to the Torres station (further north). Due to the greater speed of the winds in Tramandaí, the potential of sand transport in this locality was higher than Torres, indicating the favor of the migration of the dunes in its proximities. The uneven developmental behavior of the modern phase of the transgressive dune field can then be related to the higher speed and frequency of the NNE, NE, ENE and E winds in Tramandaí (ie, south of Xangri-lá), as well as the lower precipitation also favors more efficient sand transportation south of Xangri-lá.

O mamão (Carica papaya L.) cv. \"Sunrise Solo\" é um fruto que apresenta mudança gradual e desuniforme da cor da casca, que vai de verde para amarela. Isso faz com que a metodologia instrumental para avaliação da cor, por meio de um colorímetro, seja subjetiva, devido ao número de pontos observados, bem como às localizações deles no fruto. Como alternativa, foi proposta a utilização de imagens digitalizadas de toda região da casca do fruto, obtidas por meio de um scanner de mesa. Para avaliar a precisão desses métodos, foi conduzido um experimento com 20 repetições. Cada repetição era constituída de um fruto de mamoeiro cv. \"Sunrise Solo\", mantido sob temperatura e umidade relativa controladas. A cor da casca dos frutos foi avaliada, diariamente, utilizando um colorímetro e um scanner. Com o scanner, foram digitalizadas as duas faces do fruto e, com o colorímetro, foram observados quatro pontos equidistantes, na região equatorial do mesmo. Como a avaliação para cada fruto foi feita ao longo do tempo, os dados são classificados como longitudinais. Assim, utilizaram-se modelos lineares de efeitos mistos para estudar o comportamento da tonalidade média, pois essa técnica permite o uso de diferentes estruturas de variâncias e covariâncias para as matrizes dos efeitos aleatórios e dos erros. O processo de seleção do modelo foi realizado por meio do teste da razão de verossimilhanças e dos critérios de informação AIC e BIC, resultando no mesmo preditor linear e matrizes de variâncias e covariâncias para ambas as metodologias de quantificação da cor. O modelo final apresentou um preditor linear quadrático com efeitos aleatórios para o intercepto e para os termos linear e quadrático com matriz de variâncias e covariâncias dos efeitos aleatórios não estruturada e componentes de variância com heterocedasticidade para os erros. A utilização do scanner revelou dois grupos de maturação fisiológica distintos, que podem estar relacionados ao ponto de colheita do fruto, fato que não ficou evidente ao utilizar um colorímetro. De forma geral, o uso de um scanner possibilitou obter uma avaliação precisa da maturação do fruto, além de ser mais consistentes e eficiente do que o uso de um colorímetro para estudar a tonalidade média da casca de frutos que apresentam coloração desuniforme. / Papayas (Carica papaya L.) of \"Sunrise solo\" variety are fruits that present gradual and uneven changes in the peel color, which goes from green to yellow. As a consequence, when using a colorimeter to quantify their color, the results are subjective because of the number of observed points, as well as because of their position on the fruit. A proposed alternative was to use scanned images of the whole fruit peel to quantify color. To assess the precision of these methods, an experiment with 20 replicates was carried out. Each replicate consisted of a papaya fruit, kept under controlled temperature and relative humidity. The fruits\' peel colors were assessed, daily, using a colorimeter and a scanner. With the scanner, both sides of the fruit were scanned and, with the colorimeter, four equidistant points at the equatorial region of the fruit were observed. As the assessment was made through time for a same fruit, the data are classified as longitudinal. Therefore, linear mixed effect models were used to study the behavior of the average fruit color tonality through time, as this technique allows usage of different random effects and error covariance structures. Model selection was made using likelihood-ratio tests and the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria, which resulted in the selection of the same linear predictor and covariance matrices for both color quantification methods. The final model presented a quadractic linear predictor with random effects for the intercept, linear and quadractic terms with an unstructured variance-covariance matrix for the random effects and a variance components with heterogeneity matrix for the residuals. The use of a scanner revealed two distinct phisiological maturation groups, which may be related to the harvesting time. This was not observed when using a colorimeter. In general, using a scanner made possible to obtain more consistent observations, which makes it a more efficient methodology to study the average fruit peel color tonality.

Busca-se investigar o desenvolvimento geográfico desigual da Suzano no Maranhão, atentando para a relação com o Estado, os conflitos sociais e os impactos ambientais. Concebe-se, aqui, a Suzano como um agente social e econômico dotado de características particulares cujas ações influenciam e reverberam nas dimensões socioambientais do espaço geográfico maranhense e além fronteiras. Para isto realizou-se três etapas principais: trabalhos de campo, a revisão bibliográfica e a produção da dissertação. Além da apresentação, introdução e metodologia, a dissertação está dividida em cinco capítulos. No primeiro capítulo procurou-se entender o debate realizado por alguns geógrafos acerca da discussão desenvolvimento/subdesenvolvimento. São destacados os seguintes autores: 1) Yves Lacoste, 2) Milton Santos 3) Horieste Gomes, 4) Germán Wettstein, 5) Carlos Walter Porto-Gonçalves e 6) Jorge Montenegro Gómez. No segundo capítulo, advogo que a leitura do capitalismo contemporâneo, para além da dicotomia desenvolvido-subdesenvolvido, deve tomar como base a teoria do desenvolvimento geográfico desigual do capitalismo, sustentada pelos geógrafos Neil Smith e David Harvey. No capítulo terceiro, trouxe para a discussão reflexões acerca do papel do Estado na evolução histórica do Grupo Suzano, bem como seu consequente desenvolvimento. Sustento que o apoio do Estado é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento da empresa. Apoio esse que se materializa em isenções fiscais, planos de desenvolvimento e apoios financeiros, como no caso do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES). No quarto capítulo, que trata sobre os projetos de desenvolvimento, o intuito é ofertar um panorama geral acerca da territorialização da empresa no referido Estado. Procuro, sempre que possível, refletir teoricamente acerca da interconexão dos projetos florestais, plantas industriais, acessos rodoferroviários e terminal portuário. Por fim, apresento uma reflexão na qual pretendo compreender a produção da natureza como estratégia de acumulação analisando a aquisição da empresa de biotecnologia FuturaGene pela Suzano / Seeks to investigate the uneven geographical development of Suzano in Maranhão state, noting the relationship with the state, social conflicts and environmental impacts. Suzano is conceived here, as a social and economic agent endowed with individual characteristics whose actions influence and reverberates on social and environmental dimensions of Maranhão geographical space and beyond its frontiers. To accomplish this, I set three main stages: field work, literature review and the production of the dissertation. Besides the presentation, introduction and methodology, the dissertation is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter it was sought to understand the debate held by some geographers about the development / underdevelopment discussion. The following authors are highlighted: 1) Yves Lacoste, 2) Milton Santos 3) Horieste Gomes, 4) Germán Wettstein, 5) Carlos Walter Porto-Gonçalves e 6) Jorge Montenegro Gómez. In the second chapter, I advocate that the reading of contemporary capitalism, beyond the dichotomy developed-underdeveloped, must be based on the theory of uneven geographical development of capitalism, supported by geographers Neil Smith and David Harvey. In the third chapter, brought to discussion reflections about the State\'s role in the historical evolution of the Suzano Group and its consequent development. I argue that State support is crucial for the development of the company. Support which materializes in tax exemptions, development plans and financial support, as in the case of the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES). In the fourth chapter, which deals with development projects, the aim is to offer an overview about the territorialization of the company in that State. I try, whenever possible, to reflect theoretically about the interconnection of forestry projects, industrial plants, rail-road accesses and port terminal. Finally, I present a reflection in which I want to understand the production of nature as accumulation strategy analyzing the acquisition of biotechnology company FuturaGene by Suzano

ABSTRACT IMPACTS OF URBAN RENEWAL POLICIES: THE CASE OF TARLABASI/ISTANBUL Sakizlioglu, Nur Bahar M.S., Department of Sociology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Helga Rittersberger-Tili&ccedil / May, 2007, 296 pages Istanbul of 2000s has experienced a shift in urban policy approach from leading and maneuvering uneven, excessive and speculative urban growth, towards managing &lsquo / urban transformation&rsquo / that has been put implementation with urban (re)development / renewal / regeneration / revitalization initiatives. To examine the rise of these new policies for &lsquo / urban transformation&rsquo / in Istanbul of the 2000s for the entire restructuring of the city is the first and comprehensive aim of this study. In this respect, the political economic, social, dynamics that lied beneath the policy shift toward urban transformation and the associated alterations in the institutional and legislative configurations are discussed. Besides, a categorization of the extant &lsquo / urban transformation&rsquo / projects in Istanbul with different scopes and aims is provided and lastly the main elements and impacts of the urban transformation projects in the city are evaluated. The second and main aim of the study is to investigate the underlying features and intents, impacts of the new urban policies designed to renew the historical neighborhoods of Istanbul with a specific focus on the role of the municipal government as the key actor in the process. Attached to this, it is specifically targeted to examine the relationship between these new urban renewal policies, strategies and gentrification in inner city historical neighborhoods. To this end, the case of TarlabaSi renewal process, a deprived neighborhood in the old commercial and cultural center of Beyoglu-Istanbul, is analyzed giving detailed accounts on the renewal approach and the municipality&rsquo / s attitudes towards different stakeholders in the process, the initial impacts of the project in the neighborhood and lastly on the relation between renewal initiative and gentrification. Embracing a qualitative methodology, the study makes use of variety of data collection techniques, namely semi-structured in-depth interviews, document analyses, media analyses, participant and direct observations. Based on the analysis, the study firstly evaluates that the rise of the new policies, programs for urban transformation/ renewal in Istanbul of the 2000s refers to a new phase in the unplanned and highly uneven urbanization experience of Istanbul, which has been shaped by the neoliberal policies for more than twenty years. It also suggests that this new urbanization phase has been shaping with an approach, which sidelines the social aspects of urban transformation on behalf of the rent-oriented project implementations, plans that would make the urban redevelopment sector attractive for inter/national investments and which paves the way to the rewriting of the uneven urban development that would potentially result in the accentuation of the polarizations between the winners and the losers in the redistribution of the urban rents created as the result of these projects. Based on the analysis regarding the TarlabaSi renewal process, it is suggested in the study that renewal process in the neighborhood initiated by the municipality with a cultural and tourism based renewal strategy has been shaping with rent- oriented approach which excludes the social aspects of urban renewal. Leading the process, municipality has embraced an entrepreneurial attitude towards the investors and a selectively inclusive, encouraging one towards the property owners. However, the tenants, the groups with no legal tenancy status and the marginal groups, all of which constitute the majority of the neighborhood population have been the social groups that the municipality has not taken as the addressees but rather excluded within the renewal process. The initial implications of the renewal proposal at the neighborhood level have been speculative increases in the real estate prices, heightened interest of the big capital groups for renewal investments in TarlabaSi and an emerging appeal and interest of the middle classes for a living in TarlabaSi etc. Once these impacts are evaluated in relation to gentrification, the study argues that the renewal process that has been experiencing in TarlabaSi is preparing the infrastructure for gentrification in the neighborhood as the result of the municipal initiative. Urban renewal plans shaped by the municipality do not include any social mechanisms, measures and programs to prevent the displacement of the low-income and marginal groups living in TarlabaSi in this process, rather encourage a radical change in the socio-cultural profiles of the residents to create a &lsquo / new&rsquo / TarlabaSi as a prestigious cultural center in the city. In this sense, the study argues that this deprived, sociospatially stigmatized neighborhood in the historical city center is being created as a gentrifiable one with the municipal intervention in this renewal process. While such a trajectory of neighborhood change pinpoints the potential reproduction of the uneven development process that has carried TarlabaSi to the thresholds of renewal through this new renewal policy, it leaves the low-income disadvantaged groups living in TarlabaSi to face the very tangible problem of displacement.