La théorie des spins élevés est le domaine de la physique théorique au centre de cette thèse. Le contexte général de la naissance de cette théorie est présentée dans l’introduction. La première partie est axée sur les ingrédients (méthode de Noether, fonctions génératrices et formalisme ambiant) permettant la construction de vertex cubiques entre un champ scalaire de matière et un champ de jauge de spin élevé dans un espace-temps à courbure constante à partir des courants conservés en espace-temps plat. Dans un second temps, nous préparons les éléments pour un futur test de la correspondance holographique à l’ordre cubique voire quartique en la constante de couplage. Plus précisément, nous révisons en détail le calcul de certains propagateurs, ce qui nous mène à calculer les fonctions à trois points impliquant deux scalaires. La dernière partie, bien que concernant toujours l’holographie des spins élevés, traite de la physique non-relativiste. Les symétries et les courants d’un gaz parfait/unitaire de Fermi y sont étudiés. Le lien entre physiques relativiste et non-relativiste est obtenue grâce à la réduction dimensionnelle de Bargmann. / The higher spin theory is the field of theoretical physics at the center of this thesis. The general context of the birth of this theory is presenting in the introduction. The first part focuses on the ingredients (Noether method, generating functions and ambient formalism) for the construction of cubic vertices between a scalar matter field and a higher spin gauge field in a constant curvature space-time from conserved currents in flat space-time. In a second step, we prepare the around for a future test of the holographic correspondence in the cubic or quartic order in the coupling constant. More specifically, we review in detail the computation of some propagators, which leads us to calculate three-point functions involving two scalars. The last part, although always on the higher spin holography, deals with non-relativistic physics. Symmetries and currents of an ideal or unitary Fermi gas are studied. The link between relativistic and non-relativistic physics is obtained by Bargmann dimensional reduction.

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and explain the origins of centra 1 i sed unitary con st itut i ona l forms adopted at independence, with speci a 1 reference to the pre-independence period of colonial rule and the states of Botswana, Zimbabwe and Namibia. Since the states of the world are either unitary or federal, an attempt is made to distinguish the unitary constitutional form from federation by contrasting both concepts. The three states under study are identified as centralised and unitary by referring to political, historical, legal, administrative and fiscal criteria. The theoretical and practical origins and explanations for the adoption of unitary constitutional forms in the European and African context are explained. First, the theoretical origins of monism, pluralism, dualism, absolutism and sovereignty and the thoughts of a number of classical theorists are discussed. Next the practical origins, the statements and perceptions by members of African nationalist elites supportive of unitary states in Africa in the colonial and early post-colonial period are referred to, in partial exp 1 anat ion for the adoption of this con st itut i ona 1 form. British constitutional practices and precedents are also discussed. Further, to explain the origins of the centralised unitary state in Africa, the three case studies of Botswana, Zimbabwe and Namibia come under discussion. A four stage conceptual scheme devised by Etzioni and modified for the purpose of this thesis is utilised to analyse and explain the origins of the centralised unitary state in the three case studies of Botswana, Zimbabwe (xii) and Namibia. A variety of factors both historical and contemporary, internal and external to these countries are identified and analysed. These factors include amongst others, early settlement patterns and confiicts, British colonial practices and precedents, the perceptions and ambitions of nationalist movements and elites, relationships with neighbouring states, the climate of opinion, and the requirements of nation-building and political stability. The thesis is concluded by comparing the experiences of the three countries and, setting out several inductive propositions determining under which conditions these states adopted centralised unitary constitutional forms in preference to decentralised ones, federation or partition. Finally, the thesis is concluded by referring in a Postscript to the postindependence constitutional reassessment in the three countries concerned, the constitutional reassessment process in Africa in general, literature references to this process, and the prospects for constitutional reform on the continent. / Political Science / D. Lit. et Phil. (Politics)

Ce travail de thèse a été réalisé dans le cadre d'un contrat avec l'ANR (ANR-09-VERS-013 « THID ») et porte sur le développement d'une nouvelle génération de tags Chipless à bas coûts fonctionnant dans le domaine THz, pour des applications d'identification et/ou authentification unitaire des articles commerciaux, des papiers d'identités, des personnes pour le contrôle d'accès... Les structures proposées, constituées d'un empilement périodique de couches diélectriques d'indices de réfraction différents, utilisent les propriétés particulières des cristaux photoniques 1D de présenter une réponse électromagnétique entrecoupée de bandes interdites photoniques (BIP). Toute perturbation de la périodicité de la structure engendre des pics dans les bandes interdites qui sont utilisés pour coder une information binaire. Cette structuration particulière des matériaux permet donc de manipuler précisément une signature électromagnétique. Pour des raisons liées à l'industrialisation (facilité de fabrication en masse) et aussi de coût, nous avons retenu des matériaux de base déjà couramment utilisés dans l'industrie papetière : le papier et le polyéthylène. Le choix de ces matériaux, qui doivent allier contraste d'indice élevé et faible absorption, représente une étape cruciale dans ce travail. Ainsi, à partir des résultats expérimentaux obtenus par spectroscopie THz dans le domaine temporel (THz-TDS) sur un grand nombre de matériaux, nous avons pu concevoir deux familles de tags sur la base de ces différents matériaux. Par ailleurs, nous avons développé deux méthodes de codage d'une information binaire, toutes deux basées sur l'absence ou la présence de pics dans une BIP, pics dont la position et le nombre dépendent bien évidemment des défauts de périodicité introduits. Pour des applications liées à l'identification, des capacités de codage de près de 20 bits ont été démontrées. Nous avons aussi montré que la richesse d'information contenue dans la réponse électromagnétique de ces Tags THz peut être utilisée pour les applications liées à l'authentification unitaire, en utilisant comme critère de discrimination le coefficient d'autocorrélation. Nous avons ainsi pu évaluer les performances d'un test d'authentification basé sur ce critère dans différents domaines d'analyse : temporel, fréquentiel et temps-fréquence. Nous avons montré qu'une étude du spectrogramme (combinant temps et fréquence) est ainsi bien plus pertinente qu'une étude dans les seuls domaines temporel ou fréquentiel. / This thesis work deals with the development of a new generation of low-cost Chipless tags operating in the THz frequency domain, it has been supported by the french national agency for research (ANR-09-VERS-013 « THID » ). It covers a wide area of applications such as the identification and/or unitary authentication of commercial items, identity papers, access control…To manufacture these tags, we proposed to use a periodic stack of dielectric material layers with different refractive index and whose thickness is of the order of the wavelength, commonly known as a one dimensional photonic crystal. The electromagnetic signature of such a structure exhibits photonic bandgaps (PBG), i.e. frequency windows in which light propagation is prohibited. We suggested modifying the periodicity of the crystal to create defect levels (peaks) for example in the 1st PBG to encode binary information. This particular structure allows to precisely tuned an electromagnetic signature. To ensure a mass and cost effective industrialization, we retained basic materials which are widely used in the pulp and paper industry: paper and polyethylene. The choice of these materials, which must combine high index contrast and low absorption, represents the first and a crucial step in this work. We characterize a wide range of materials using classical THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and we propose two families of tags based on paper and polyethylene. Furthermore, we developed two methods to encode binary information, both based on the absence or presence of peaks in a PBG, peaks whose number and position depend on the introduced defects of periodicity. In a real identification test, a coding capacity of nearly 20-bit has been demonstrated. We also showed that the information contained in the electromagnetic response of these THz tags can be used for other applications related to the unitary authentication and by using the correlation coefficient as criterion for discrimination of the different signatures. Therefore, we evaluate the performance of an authentication test based on this criterion in various analysis domains: time, frequency and time-frequency. We showed that a study of the spectrogram (combining time and frequency representation) is much more relevant than a study in the only time or frequency domain.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-08T12:13:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMAP.pdf: 4431095 bytes, checksum: d7b5792ebbb982843dc4da55f559c8a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T16:31:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMAP.pdf: 4431095 bytes, checksum: d7b5792ebbb982843dc4da55f559c8a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T16:32:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMAP.pdf: 4431095 bytes, checksum: d7b5792ebbb982843dc4da55f559c8a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T16:32:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMAP.pdf: 4431095 bytes, checksum: d7b5792ebbb982843dc4da55f559c8a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / Não recebi financiamento / This study approaches the “entrepreneurial education” under a critical perspective, which assesses its ideological and contradictory character. Particularly, it analyses the insertion of the entrepreneurship discussion in the courses addressed to the education of technician in administration of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Espirito Santo, focusing on the meanings assigned by its students and teachers to a education for Entrepreneurship. The primary and secondary data were collected through research techniques of bibliographical survey, documentary research, interviews, applications of questionnaires and also formation of focal groups were described and discussed both from the point of view of statistical analysis and the theoretical references that determined the study. Authors considered reference in their areas were studied in order to meet the speech in favor of education with focus on Entrepreneurship and, on the other hand, it was adopted the thought of philosopher and political scientist Antonio Gramsci to discuss and analyze critically the theme. It is supported that entrepreneurship is superposed to work, as educational principle, in the coursers addressed to the education of technician in administration of IFES and that although the speech of entrepreneurship have been absorbed in the level of common sense by the students and teachers of these courses, this audience has developed, although embryonic and diffuse form, a germ of good sense in relation to the theme. It is understandable that the position of IFES naturalizes the school duality and reinforces the policy of students early professionalization, which distances, therefore, of the search for a universal and omnipresent project of human formation. Is defended in this study that the education policies of the federal schools, within the high school, incorporate a proposal of a Unitary Education in accordance with gramscian patterns. / Trata-se de um estudo que aborda a “educação empreendedora” sob uma perspectiva crítica, avaliando o seu caráter ideológico e contraditório. Particularmente, analisa a inserção do discurso do Empreendedorismo nos cursos destinados à formação do Técnico em Administração do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, enfocando os significados atribuídos pelos seus discentes e docentes a uma formação para o Empreendedorismo. Os dados primários e secundários, coletados por meio de técnicas de pesquisas de levantamento bibliográfico, investigação documental, entrevista, aplicação de questionários e realização de grupos focais foram descritos e discutidos tanto do ponto de vista da análise estatística quanto dos referenciais teóricos que parametrizaram o estudo. A fim de conhecer o discurso em favor da educação com foco no Empreendedorismo, foram estudados autores considerados referência na área e, por outro lado, para problematizar e analisar criticamente a temática, foi adotado, fundamentalmente, o pensamento do filósofo e cientista político italiano Antonio Gramsci. Sustenta que o Empreendedorismo está sobreposto ao trabalho, como princípio educativo, nos cursos destinados à formação do Técnico em Administração do Ifes e que, embora o discurso do Empreendedorismo tenha sido absorvido no nível do senso comum pelos discentes e docentes desses cursos, esse público desenvolveu, ainda que de forma embrionária e difusa, um germe de bom senso com relação ao tema. Compreende que a postura do Ifes naturaliza a dualidade escolar e reforça a política de profissionalização precoce do alunado, distanciando-se, portanto, da busca por um projeto universal e omnilateral de formação humana. Defende que as políticas de educação da rede federal, no âmbito do ensino médio, incorporem uma proposta de Educação Unitária nos moldes gramscianos.

Submitted by Elton Lever (elton@icomp.ufam.edu.br) on 2018-08-23T20:26:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoMestradoElton Lever-ProfRosiane-PPGI-VF.pdf: 2475783 bytes, checksum: 57e9ed5c603736311bd6f477643ff425 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secretaria PPGI (secretariappgi@icomp.ufam.edu.br) on 2018-08-23T20:35:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoMestradoElton Lever-ProfRosiane-PPGI-VF.pdf: 2475783 bytes, checksum: 57e9ed5c603736311bd6f477643ff425 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-08-24T13:35:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoMestradoElton Lever-ProfRosiane-PPGI-VF.pdf: 2475783 bytes, checksum: 57e9ed5c603736311bd6f477643ff425 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:35:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoMestradoElton Lever-ProfRosiane-PPGI-VF.pdf: 2475783 bytes, checksum: 57e9ed5c603736311bd6f477643ff425 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation addresses the class of job scheduling problems with precedence constraints and unit execution times, in identical parallel processors. Such a class of problems is of great importance in computational complexity theory, since small varia- tions in the conditions involved in scheduling make an easy problem very difficult. Two major problems involve the condition of the number of processors, where, if the number of processors is variable, given as input, such problem is proved to be NP-complete, but if the number of processors is fixed, the problem is still open. In this context, the focus of the research involves the problem already proven to be NP-complete, where for which we investigated the main approximation algorithms in the literature and their proofs of approximation ratio of the optimal, such as of the Garey & Jonhson’s 2-approximation algorithm, of the Hu, of the Coffman & Graham, and of the Gangal & Ranade with 2 − (7/(3P + 1)), the best approximation ratio in the literature. The approximation ratio proofs of such algorithms were detailed. As the main contribution of this research, were proved the optimality for specific classes of acyclic directed graphs involving trees (prece- dence trees, such as in-tree and out-tree) for the best approximation algorithms literature. / Esta dissertação aborda a classe de problemas de escalonamento de tarefas com restrições de precedências e tempos unitários em processadores paralelos idênticos. Tal classe de problemas tem uma grande importância em teoria da complexidade computacional, uma vez que pequenas variações nas condições envolvidas no esca- lonamento, fazem com que um problema fácil se torne muito difícil. Dois grandes problemas envolvem a condição do número de processadores, onde, se o número de processadores for variável, dado como entrada, tal problema é provado ser NP-completo, mas, se o número de processadores for fixo, o problema ainda está em aberto. Neste contexto, o foco da pesquisa envolve o problema já provado ser NP-completo, onde para qual se investigou os principais algoritmos aproximativos existentes na literatura e suas provas de razão de aproximação do ótimo, tais como o algoritmo 2-aproximativo de Garey & Jonhson e as melhorias de Hu, Coffman & Graham e de Gangal & Ranade (GR) com 2 −(7/(3P+1)), o de melhor razão de aproximação da literatura. As provas de razão de aproximação de tais algoritmos foram detalhadas. Como principal contribuição da pesquisa, foram determinados casos especiais ótimos, para classes específicas de grafos direcionados acíclicos que envolvem arborescências (árvores de precedência, como in-tree e out-tree) para o melhor algoritmos aproximativo da literatura. / Compreender o que querem em alguns momentos.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-05T20:29:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Emile Raymond Ferreira Taillebois - 2013.pdf: 1511356 bytes, checksum: 65cfae075ab1d008ea3249e5ffc19da9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2017-07-07T19:11:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Emile Raymond Ferreira Taillebois - 2013.pdf: 1511356 bytes, checksum: 65cfae075ab1d008ea3249e5ffc19da9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-07T19:11:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Emile Raymond Ferreira Taillebois - 2013.pdf: 1511356 bytes, checksum: 65cfae075ab1d008ea3249e5ffc19da9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-08 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In this dissertation, the use of the partial trace of momentum degrees of freedom in the construction of spin reduced density matrices for relativistic massive systems is analyzed. In the regime considered here, massive particles can be described by irreducible unitary representations of the Poincar e group, and the base states are labeled by the dynamical variables of momentum and spin. The reduced density matrices obtained by the partial trace of momenta have unusual properties, since they are not covariant under the action of restricted Lorentz transformations. That behavior produces some important consequences in the study of quantum information in relativistic systems. However, recent arguments have been presented against the use of those matrices in the description of processes involving the transfer of information stored in spin degrees of freedom of relativistic massive particles. Those criticisms are discussed in this dissertation and a connection with the structure of the space of states associated with a given unitary representation is established through a detailed study of the induced representation method applied to the Poincar e group. This allows rewriting the criticisms in literature without the need of a speci c model of interaction for the spin measurement. Besides that, the analysis performed here allows to establish a new method to construct e ective spin reduced density matrices. The presented approach allows recovering the results in the literature and, at the same time, to incorporate the criticisms in a consistent way. However, it is necessary to abandon the usual partial trace of the momentum degrees of freedom and the interpretation in the literature for the spin reduced density matrices. The examples presented in the arguments against the usual spin reduced density matrices are studied using the approach proposed in this dissertation. / Nesta dissertação, a utilização do traço parcial dos momentos na construção de matrizes densidade reduzidas de spin para partículas massivas relativisticas é analisada. No regime considerado, as partículas massivas podem ser descritas por representações unitárias do grupo de Poincaré, e os estados de base são rotulados pelas variáveis dinâmicas de momento e spin. As matrizes reduzidas obtidas por meio do traço parcial dos momentos possuem propriedades inusitadas, pois não são covariantes sob a ação de transformações de Lorentz restritas. Essa característica traz consequências importantes para o estudo da teoria da informação quântica em sistemas relativísticos. No entanto, argumentos recentes têm sido apresentados contra o uso dessas matrizes nos processos de transmissões de informação envolvendo os graus de spin de partículas massivas. Essas críticas são discutidas neste trabalho e uma conexão com a estrutura do espaço de estados associado a representação unitária em questão é estabelecida por meio de um estudo detalhado do método das representações induzidas aplicado ao grupo de Poincaré. Isso permite reescrever as críticas presentes na literatura sem a necessidade de se introduzir um modelo específico de interação associado à medida do spin das partículas. Alem disso, a análise realizada nesta dissertação permite estabelecer um novo método para a construção de matrizes densidade reduzidas efetivas de spin. A proposta apresentada permite recuperar os resultados presentes na literatura e, ao mesmo tempo, incorporar as críticas de maneira consistente. No entanto, para isso é necessário abandonar o traço parcial usual dos graus de liberdade de momento e a interpretação dada na literatura para as matrizes densidade reduzidas de spin. Os exemplos apresentados nas argumentações contra as matrizes densidade reduzidas de spin usuais são estudados utilizando o método proposto neste trabalho.

O Laboratório de Análises Clínicas (LAC) vem buscando, no decorrer dos anos, alternativas quanto à sua capacidade em gerar receita. A busca por melhores resultados incrementou a parceria com as organizações chamadas de \"convênios médicos\" ou \"medicina de grupo\" que, em geral, remuneram as análises laboratoriais com base em tabelas de procedimentos criadas pela Associação Médica Brasileira AMB. Destas, a mais utilizada é a Tabela AMB 92, devido a utilizar valores de Coeficiente de Honorários (CH), que convertidos em reais, são mais interessantes para os LAC. Este estudo teve como base o método recomendado pelo \"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\" - NCCLS, que normatiza a apuração do custo baseado na atividade desempenhada durante a sua realização. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer o custo das análises laboratoriais e verificar se, em comparação à tabela AMB 92, a opção pelos contratos com os \"convênios médicos\" realmente gera lucro a um laboratório de pequeno porte. Para tanto foram selecionadas as análises mais solicitadas no mês de agosto de 2004 em um laboratório de pequeno porte, que presta atendimento a pacientes conveniados a planos de saúde e particulares. O ressarcimento aos laboratórios prestadores de serviço é efetuado com base no valor do CH, que pode variar de acordo com o contrato firmado com os convênios médicos. Os resultados mostraram que na comparação dos custos unitários das 69 análises apuradas com a Tabela AMB-92 houve lucro em 52% das análises quando o valor de CH foi de R$ 0,2610 e quando atribuído um valor de CH de R$ 0,1800, houve lucro em apenas 28% das análises. / The Clinical Laboratory (CL) has been seeking, throughout these years, alternative forms of increasing budget. The search for better results has flourished partnerships with organizations named \"prepaid group practice\" or \"group medicine\" which usually reward the clinical analysis based on tables of procedures established by the Brazilian Medicai Association - BMA. Among them, the most employed is the BMA 92 Table, due to the use of payment coefficient values (PC) which, expressed in Brazilian currency (reais), are in CLs interests. This study was carried out based on the method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards - NCCLS, who draws up the regulation of the cost estimate of a procedure while it is carried out. The objective of this study was to establish the cost of clinical analysis and to verify if, comparing to the BMA 92 Table, the contracts with prepaid group practices are actually profitable for a small size laboratory. In order to achieve it, most requested analysis during August 2004 in a small size laboratory which offers services to patients affiliated with prepaid health plans and private health plans. The payment to the laboratories which offer services is made regarding the PC values, which may change according to the contract with the health plans. The results demonstrated that in comparison to the cost of each one of 69 analysis verified according to the BMA 92 Table, 52% of the analysis were profitable when the PC value was R$ 0.2610 and for the PC value of R$ 0.1800 only 28% of the analysis were profitable.

The diploma thesis deals with a one-tier (monistic) board structure of a European company (Societas Europaea) which has its registered seat in the Czech Republic. The governance of a European company is largely dependent on the national legislation, which has been in the Czech Republic significantly amended by a substantial recodification of private law. The thesis focuses on some of the interpretative difficulties that the new legislation has brought to the regulation of the monistic European Company, and presents some possible solutions thereto. In addition the statistical overview over the current state of European companies within Europe is included and commented upon. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

On trouve des manifestations de la physique quantique au niveau thermodynamique dansde nombreux systèmes. Un exemple marquant est la superfluidité, découverte au début du20ème siècle, que l’on retrouve de l’hélium aux étoiles à neutrons. Les gaz dilués ultrafroidsoffrent une polyvalence unique pour étudier des systèmes quantiquesmacroscopiques, pouvant directement tester les théories grâce à un environnementcontrôlé. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons plusieurs études expérimentales de gaz froidsde lithium. Le lithium fournit la possibilité de réaliser des ensembles de bosons et defermions, avec des interactions contrôlables entre les constituants. Nous présentons lestechniques utilisées pour préparer et étudier des gaz dégénérés de lithium, et uneamélioration possible des méthodes existantes. Nous décrivons premièrement une étudede la recombinaison à trois bosons avec une interaction à deux corps résonante. Comparésquantitativement à la théorie, ces résultats fournissent une référence pour les étudesfutures du gaz de Bose unitaire. Pour finir, nous présentons la première observationexpérimentale d’un mélange de superfluides de Bose et de Fermi. Nous démontrons queles deux composants sont superfluides et que leur écoulement relatif vérifie les propriétésdes écoulement superfluides, avec une absence de viscosité en dessous d’une vitessecritique puis la présence de dissipation au-delà. En utilisant des excitations collectives dece mélange, nous mesurons l’interaction entre les deux superfluides, en accord avec unmodèle théorique. / Manifestations of Quantum Physics at the thermodynamical level are found in a broadrange of physical systems. A famous example is superfluidity, discovered at the beginningof the 20th century and found in many different situations, from liquid helium to neutronstars. Dilute ultracold gases offer a unique versatility to engineer quantum many-bodysystems, which can be directly compared with theory thanks to the controllability of theirenvironment. In this thesis we present several experimental investigations led on ultracoldlithium gases. Lithium provides the possibility to study ensembles of bosons andfermions, with controllable interactions between the constituents. We present experimentaltechniques for preparation and studies of degenerate gases of lithium, with prospects forimprovement of the existing methods. We first report on an investigation of three-bodyrecombination of bosons under a resonant two-body interaction. This study, quantitativelycompared with theory constitutes a benchmark for further studies of the unitary Bose gas.Finally, we present the first experimental realization of a mixture of a Bose superfluid witha Fermi superfluid. We demon- strate that both components are in the superfluid regime,and that the counter-flow motion between them possesses the characteristics of superfluidflow, with the absence of viscosity below a critical velocity, and an onset of friction above.Using collective oscillations of the mixture, we measure the coupling between the twosuperfluids in close agreement with a theoretical model.

Diploma thesis is concerned with organization of education after ending of the Second World War. The first chapter deals with education in a period of the Nazi occupation. Main part of this thesis is focused on organization of school year 1945/1946 and on problems which occured in connection with organization of post-war education. The following part devotes to teachers and pupils in this period. In this thesis is also described unitary educational model, the origin of the faculties of education, activity of the Extraordinary People's Courts and activity of institutions like the Ministry of Education or the Country School Council, and teaching some school subjects (history, political education and russian language). The thesis is based on study of the archival sources, law regulations and interpretation the articles of professional pedagogical literature.