Submitted by Sandro Camargo (sandro.camargo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2015-05-08T02:43:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 127110045.pdf: 1527824 bytes, checksum: 960729a0a23069d5d40ec997cc3034b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T02:43:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 127110045.pdf: 1527824 bytes, checksum: 960729a0a23069d5d40ec997cc3034b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-17 / O gênero Cuphea, popularmente conhecido no Brasil por “sete-sangrias”, tem seu uso medicinal reconhecido devido aos efeitos diurético, hipotensor e cardioprotetor. No sul do Brasil, em região característica do bioma Pampa, foi encontrada a espécie Cuphea glutinosa Cham. & Schltdl. Embora o uso popular, esta espécie é pouco descrita na literatura. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos o estudo da composição química dos extratos de C. glutinosa e a avaliação das atividades antifúngica e anti-hipertensiva. O material vegetal foi coletado na cidade de Uruguaiana (RS, Brasil), identificado e depositado em herbário. Após secagem e trituração do material vegetal, foram obtidos os extratos hidroetanólicos através de maceração exaustiva com etanol 40% (v/v) para folhas e etanol 70% (v/v) para raízes. Para a infusão, utilizou-se água a 80oC. As análises cromatográficas foram realizadas em equipamento cromatógrafo a líquido Prominence Shimadzu, em técnica por CLAE e CLUE. Utilizou-se sistema de fase reversa, eluição por gradiente com fase móvel composta por acetonitrila:metanol (4:1) e ácido fórmico 0,1% pH 3,0, coluna C18 analítica e fast, e detecção por UV-DAD e ESI-MS. Os teores de polifenóis totais e de flavonóides foram determinados por método colorimétrico, seguindo metodologia padronizada. A atividade antifúngica in vitro foi realizada utilizando o método de microdiluição em caldo, determinando-se a CIM, in-vitro, contra diferentes isolados clínicos. Para avaliação do potencial anti-hipertensivo in vivo, foram realizadas medições da pressão sanguínea pelo método de monitoramento hemodinâmico invasivo, através da inserção de cateter na artéria carótida. Os resultados de teor de fenólicos totais indicaram predominância destes componentes em extratos obtidos de folhas e por maceração, conforme os valores obtidos: 1,8501 mg EAG/mL (folhas) e 0,8467 mg EAG/mL (raízes) para infusão, e 3,7284 mgEAG/mL (folhas) e 2,6266 mg EAG/mL (raízes) para maceração. Quanto ao teor de flavonóides, os resultados quantitativos foram: 7,0959 mg/g (folhas) e 0,5664 mg/g (raízes) para a infusão, e 7,9511 mg/g (folhas) e 0,5994 mg/g (raízes) para maceração. Na análise cromatográfica, os extratos obtidos das folhas de C. glutinosa apresentaram picos cromatográficos bem separados, em perfil reprodutível. Na determinação por CLUE-MS, os dados de íon molecular e fragmentos de massa indicaram a composição predominante em flavonóides, sugerindo-se os componentes quercetina-3-O-glicosídeo, quercetina-3- arabinosídeo, quercetina-3-glicuronídeo, isoramnetina e quercetina-5-O-β-glicopiranosídeo. Para o potencial antifúngico, os extratos das folhas e raízes apresentaram atividade in vitro contra Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis e Trichosporon asahii, com CIM variando na faixa de 1,9-62,5 μg/mL. Nos testes hemodinâmicos realizados, os extratos das folhas não apresentaram efeito significativo sobre a pressão arterial. A identificação dos componentes em C. glutinosa, derivados de quercetina, torna promissora novas investigações a fim de aprofundar o conhecimento a respeito desta espécie, em especial na busca de respostas para a relatada ação anti-hipertensiva. / The Cuphea genus, popularly known in Brazil as "sete-sangrias", is used traditionally due the diuretic, hypotensive and cardioprotective effects. In southern Brazil, in characteristic region of Pampa biome, it was found the species Cuphea glutinosa Cham. & Schltdl. Although used popularly, this species is few reported in the literature. The present work aimed to study the chemical composition of extracts from C. glutinosa and to evaluate the antifungal and anti -hypertensive activities. The plant material was collected in the city of Uruguaiana (RS, Brazil), identified and deposited in a herbarium. After dryness and milling, the hydroethanolic extracts were obtained through exhaustive maceration using ethanol 40% (v/v) for leaves and ethanol 70% (v/v) for roots. The infusions were prepared using water at 80 °C. The chromatographic analyses were performed in liquid chromatography Prominence Shimadzu, for HPLC and UPLC assays. The method was conducted using reverse phase system, gradient elution with mobile phase composed by acetonitrile:methanol (4:1) and formic acid 0.1% pH 3.0, C18 analytical and fast column, and detection by UV-DAD and MS. The polyphenols and flavonoids contents were determined by colorimetric method. The in vitro antifungal activity was conducted by using the broth microdilution method, determining the MIC against different clinical isolates. For evaluation of in vivo anti-hypertensive potential, the blood pressure was measured by the method of invasive hemodynamic monitoring, through of insertion the catheter into the carotid artery. The results of phenolic content indicated the high concentration of these compounds in leaves extracts obtained by maceration: 1.8501 mgEAG/mL (leaves) and 0.8467 mgEAG/mL (roots) for infusion, and 3.7284 mgEAG/mL (leaves) and 2.6266 mgEAG/mL (roots) for maceration. For flavonoids, the contents were: 7.0959 mg/g (leaves) and 0.5664 mg/g (roots) for infusion, and 7.9511 mg/g (leaves) and 0.5994mg/g (roots) for maceration. In the chromatographic analyses, the leaf extracts from C. glutinosa presented chromatographic peaks well separated and reproducible. In the determination by UPLC-MS, the molecular ion and mass fragments indicated the predominant composition in flavonoids, suggesting the compounds quercetin-3- O-glucoside, quercetin-3-arabinoside, quercetin-3-glucuronide, isorhamnetin and quercetin-5- O-β-glucopiranoside. For the antifungal potential, the leaf and roots extracts presented activity against Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis e Trichosporon asahii, with MIC values ranging 1,9-62,5 μg/mL. In the hemodynamic tests performed, the leaves extracts did not present significant effect in the arterial pressure, although a tendency in pressure reduction could be observed. The identification of quercetin derivatives in C. glutinosa becomes promisor further investigations about this species, mainly in respect to the anti-hypertensive action.

The hip-flask defence is a common claim in drunkdrinking cases. In Sweden and Norway two different models are used to determinethese cases. In Sweden one blood and two urine samples taken 60 minutes apartare used for analysis. In Norway two blood samples taken 30 minutes apart areused. Sweden focuses on the rise or fall of alcohol concentration in urine(UAC), and the ratio between UAC and blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). Norwayfocuses on the rise or fall of the alcohol metabolite ethylglucuronide (EtG) and the ratio between BAC and EtG. The aim of this study wasto test the models for multiple intakes and with different alcoholic beverages.Thirtyfive participants ingested two doses, first0.51 g/kg of beer and later either 0.25, 0.51 or 0.85 g/kg of beer, wine orvodka. Blood and urine samples were obtained before and after alcoholingestion. Alcohol was measured by GC-HS, and the alcohol metabolite byUPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that there are kineticdifferences between single and repeated intakes, that there are no significantdifferences in kinetics from different alcoholic beverages and thatthe Norwegian model appears to be the stronger one in hip-flask determination.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T12:15:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 10.pdf: 1850050 bytes, checksum: 804547cb3d127f0a68036007277f1488 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T22:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 10.pdf.txt: 197815 bytes, checksum: 58c7c3800c8f92b633ef651f0cc8dd67 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 10.pdf: 1850050 bytes, checksum: 804547cb3d127f0a68036007277f1488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS), provocada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), é uma das mais importantes doenças infecciosas atualmente no mundo. Embora ainda não haja uma forma cientificamente comprovada de eliminar totalmente o vírus do organismo humano, a qualidade devida dos portadores melhorou significativamente com a introdução da terapia antiretroviral altamente ativa (HAART). A associação de lamivudina e zidovudina em comprimidos foi a primeira a ser aprovada pelo FDA e ainda é a mais utilizada no início do tratamento em pacientes naive. Por se tratar de um medicamento de importância estratégica para o combate à doença, é importante que os custos agregados à sua produção sejam minimizados, a fim de repassar tal redução ao seu preço final. O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia analítica por cromatografia a líquido de ultra eficiência para o doseamento simultâneo de ambos os fármacos, assim como de suas substâncias relacionadas, de forma mais rápida e econômica que os outros métodos cromatográficos descritos pelos documentos oficiais que contemplam tal produto. Tal método mostrou-se mais conveniente para a rotina de controle de qualidade e para estudos de estabilidade em uma indústria farmacêutica. O método foi desenvolvido e validado com sucesso nos níveis de seletividade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, limite de quantificação e robustez,conforme determina a resolução RE 899 de 2003 publicada pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária para testes de teor e substâncias relacionadas. / The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), currently is one of the most important infectious disease in the world. Although there is not yet a scientifically proven manner to completely eliminate the virus from the human body, the life quality of patients have significantly improved with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).The first association of drugs approved by the FDA was lamivudine and zidovudine and still is the most applied to begin the treatment of naïve patients. The costs associated with the production of this medicine must be minimized because it has a strategic importance to the treatment. This work presents a faster and cheaper analytical method by ultra performance liquid chromatography to assay and related substances than others described in the official papers. Therefore, it brings more convenience to be employed in quality control routine and stability analysis in a pharmaceutical industry. The method was developed and successfully validated in levels of selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification and robustness, as determined by the RE 899/2003 resolution for testing of content and related substances.

The target of this thesis was found content of eight biogenic amines and polyamines, specifically putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), spermine (SPM), histamine (HIM), cadaverine (CAD), 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), tyramine (TYM) and tryptamine (TRM) in growed Agaricus hortensis during storage, frozen and heat treatment. There are many information dealing with these amines in the food in this time, but unfortunately data on the content of amines in edible mashrooms in literature are still missing. The samples were providing from company České houby a.s. in Soběslav. Those mushrooms were immediately processed. Frozen samples in PE sack (plastic bags) were tracked during three months. Boiled, blanched and raw samples of mushrooms were analysed in the beginning of concentration at day 0 and then 1, 2 and 4 days at 6 °C in the storage. Some samples of each experiment monitored after one day of storage at 22°C. Absolutely the highest concentrations found in all experiments with SPD. Changes in the content of amine modified and raw mushrooms during 4 days of storage at 6 ° C flow in both directions. The most important changes are visible immediately after blanching - a significant increase in TYM and even more pronounced in SPM. The increase was also showed in the content of the cooked mushrooms, in the SPD and to a higher volume in SPM. Storage at 22 ° C was mostly affected content PEA - the cooked mushrooms content significantly decreased, but blanched mushrooms increased. Also in raw mushrooms lead storage at this temperature for a significant increase in the SPM. Freezing substantially affect any of the amines. TRM and CAD analysis were not detected; HIM at lower limit was detected after cooking mushrooms and after storage of raw mushrooms at 22 ° C. I hope that the observed data can help extend the data in the literature and offers the opportunity to further focus of research in the field of biogenic amines in edible mushrooms.

<p>Entomophagy, which is the habit of eating insects, has become relevant in the past few years as it could potentially help reduce current and future food insecurity, due to the highly nutritious and sustainable characteristics of edible insects. In addition to the nutritional content of insects, research on the potential bioactive components of insect extracts has also gained popularity. In this study, extracts from house cricket (<i>Acheta domesticus</i>) from two farms and their corresponding feeds were obtained using a microwave-assisted extraction. Further phenolic characterization led to the identification and quantification of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, <i>p</i>-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and syringic acid as major phenolic compounds in both <i>A. domesticus </i>extracts as well as both feed extracts. Additionally, <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical cation (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical assays. In both <i>in vitro</i> assays, <i>A. domesticus</i> extracts showed higher antioxidant activity compared to the feeds. Antibacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>L. innocua</i> was also evaluated using the microwell method. The <i>A. domesticus </i>extracts showed a selective inhibition (p<0.05) towards the gram-positive bacteria <i>L. innocua </i>between a period of 4 to 8 h. This inhibition is thought to have occurred as a result of the presence of phenolic acids and antimicrobial peptides, while the feed extracts did not exhibit any inhibitory activity towards any of the bacteria. The finding of the same phenolic acids in <i>A. domesticus</i> and their corresponding feed could imply the capacity of <i>A. domesticus</i> to absorb and sequester dietary phenolics that may provide additional health benefits when the insect is consumed, unveiling new benefits of entomophagy. </p>

Vineyards in the Eastern United States are often prone to excessive vegetative growth. In order to suppress excessive vine vigor, many viticulturists have employed cover cropping strategies. Cover crops provide a myriad of agronomic benefits, however they are known to compete with the vine for water and nutrients. Due to the widespread use of cover crops in Eastern vineyards, many vineyards experience nitrogen (N) deficiencies in both the vegetative vine tissue and yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the juice. Soil applications of calcium nitrate and foliar applications of urea were assessed as a means of vineyard N amelioration at cover cropped sites comprised of Petit Manseng and Sauvignon blanc (Vitis vinifera L.). Perennial White and Crimson clover cover crops and foliar urea applications were also used in a Vidal blanc (Vitis spp.) vineyard. Treatments were imposed in the Sauvignon blanc vineyard for five years. The Petit Manseng and Vidal blanc vineyards were subjected to treatments for two years. Soil-applied N at bloom was most effective at increasing leaf petiole N at véraison, season-long chlorophyll content index (CCI), vine capacity and fruit yield. Fruit yield was increased due to more berries per cluster and greater berry weights. Increased rates of soil-applied N decreased the fruit weight:pruning weight ratio. Foliar-applied N after fruit set was most effective at increasing berry YAN. While most of the measured amino acids in fruit increased in concentration with the application of either soil or foliar N, foliar applications were more effective at increasing fruit amino acids. Clover cover crops offered little to no benefit as a N source in the two-year period of evaluation. None of the N management schemes negatively impacted canopy density, fruit zone light interception, or botrytis bunch rot incidence. The combination of both a soil-applied and foliar-applied N fertilizer may be the most effective means to increase both vine capacity and YAN in vineyards where vineyard floor cover crops are compromising vine N status. / Master of Science

Under-trellis cover crops have become more prevalent in East Coast grape growing regions through either intentional planting or adoption of native vegetation, to minimize the potential for erosion and to help regulate grapevine size and vigor. These companion crops, however, have sometimes resulted in increased competition for soil nitrogen, leading to decreased vine nitrogen status and berry yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen fertilization methods applied at varying doses and different times, on vine and berry nitrogen parameters of cover cropped grapevines. The research described herein involved Sauvignon blanc, Merlot, and Petit Manseng grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) subjected to different sets of nitrogen treatments, and was primarily conducted over two years. There were very few differences in pruning weights, canopy architecture, components of yield, and primary fruit chemistry amongst nitrogen treatments. Sauvignon blanc petiole nitrogen concentration, season-long chlorophyll content index (CCI) values, and berry YAN were most affected by the highest rate of soil nitrogen treatment (60 kg N/ha total split between two calcium nitrate applications at bloom and six weeks post bloom) and foliar fertilization (40 kg N/ha split over seven to nine urea applications); however, the foliar fertilization was most effective at increasing the concentration of certain individual amino acids. Petit Manseng berry YAN at harvest was increased in response to post-véraison foliar applications (10 kg N/ha split between two urea applications), corresponding to an increased concentration of nine amino acids. Merlot berry YAN, petiole nitrogen concentration, and season-long CCI values were most affected by a high rate of soil nitrogen treatment (60 kg N/ha total split between two calcium nitrate applications at bloom and six weeks post bloom) and establishing clover as the under-trellis cover crop. This study identified nitrogen treatments that improved berry nitrogen concentration and content in cover cropped sites. / Master of Science

Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are used in the production of ski wax to reduce the friction between the snow and the ski. In this occupational study of ski wax technicians’ exposure to PFAS and particulate aerosol we have collected whole blood (wb) (n =94), air (n =84) and aerosol (n =159) samples at World Cup events from 2007-2011. We have analysed the blood, air and aerosol with respect to 13 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), 4 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), 3 fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), 3 fluorotelomer acids (FTCAs) and 3 unsaturated fluorotelomer acids (FTUCAs). Further, we assessed the exposure to 3 particulate aerosol fractions (inhalable, respirable and total aerosol) in air. In comparison to a general population, several of the PFCA blood levels are elevated in the technicians’, primarily  erfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorononate (PFNA) with concentrations up to 628 and 163 ng/mL wb, respectively. Further,  we detected FTUCAs and FTCAs in the blood, suggesting biotransformation of FTOHs to PFCAs. The metabolites 5:3 and 7:3 FTCA were detected in all blood samples at levels up to 6.1 and 3.9 ng/mL wb. Levels of perfluorohexadecanoic acid PFHxDA) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOcDA) were detected in the technician’s blood at mean concentration up to 4.22 ng/mL wb and 4.25 ng/mL wb. The FTOH levels in air of the wax cabin during work ranged up to 997 000 ng/m3 (average=114 000 ng/m3 ) and PFOA up to 4 890 ng/m3 (average= 526 ng/m3 . FTOHs were not detected in aerosols but PFOA showed average levels of 12 000 ng/m3 (range=1 230- 46 900 ng/m3 ). The occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 2 mg/m3 was exceeded in 37% of the personal measurements with aerosol  concentrations up to 15 mg/m3 . Keywords : Perfluorinated, polyfluorinated, FIS, occupational exposure, ski wax,  iotransformation, metabolism, fluorotelomer alcohol, fluorotelomer acid, aerosol, dust, UPLC/MS-MS, GC/MS-MS

A review of the main natural dyes (particularly yellow flavonoids and red anthraquinones) and proteinaceous substrates used in Historical Tapestries and North American porcupine quill work was undertaken, and is summarised in Chapter 1. The analysis of natural dyes which have been used on museum artefacts other than textiles has received little systematic study, particularly those of non-European origin. In this research, the use of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for study of natural dyes found on historical textiles and ethnographical objects decorated with porcupine quill work is explored; this required a transfer of existing analytical protocols and methodology. The advantages of using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) was evaluated through a method development based on the separation and quantification of ten flavonoid and anthraquinone dyes as described in Chapter 2. These methods were then applied to the characterisation of the dye sources found on a group of sixteenth century historical tapestries which form an important part of the Burrell Collection in Glasgow and are believed to have been manufactured in an English workshop (Chapter 3) and also to the analysis of some late nineteenth century North American porcupine quill work from a collection owned by National Museums Scotland (Chapter 5); allowing exciting conclusions to be drawn in each case about the range of dyestuffs used in their manufacture. The second aim of this research was the development of methodology for the non-invasive quantification of metal ion residues on porcupine quill substrates. This was achieved through a comparative study of reference porcupine quills prepared in-house with dyebaths containing a range of metal ion concentrations (copper and tin). The concentration of metal ions sorbed by the porcupine quills was then quantified with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) coupled to Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES) and non-invasive Particle Induced X-Ray Emission analysis (PIXE) coupled with Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) as described in Chapter 4. The responses provided by the different methods were compared and they were then applied to the study of micro-samples collected from mid-nineteenth century Northern Athapaskan porcupine quill work. Unexpectedly, the use of UPLC analysis and RBS-PIXE analysis allowed the characterisation of traded European natural dyes used with metallic mordants (copper and tin) on these samples, highlighting how European contact impacted on traditional Athapaskan porcupine quill work in the late nineteenth century (Chapter 5).

L’enginyeria metabòlica és una estratègia molt útil per produir molècules d’alt valor afegit mitjançant microorganismes. Molècules d’interès per la seva funció biològica, d’estructura complexa i amb dificultats en la seva obtenció i síntesi s’han obtingut de forma molt satisfactòria mitjançant aquesta metodologia. En el laboratori de Bioquímica de l’IQS s‘estudia la glicosiltransferasa de Micoplasma genitalium codificada pel gen mg517 i responsable de la síntesi de glicoglicerolípids (Andrés et al., 2010). S’ha vist que aquesta proteïna sobreexpressada en E.coli és funcional i acumula diferents glicoglicerolípids en la membrana plasmàtica. Aquests glicoglicerolípids mostren diferents punts d’interès. D’una banda, són tensioactius d’alt valor afegit que permeten la construcció de niosomes per l’alliberament controlat de fàrmacs i, d’altra banda, s’han relacionat com agents terapèutics amb inhibició de tumors cancerígens. Degut al creixent interès d’aquests productes,en el present treball s‘ha escollit E. coli com a microorganisme a modificar per enginyeria metabòlica per la producció de glicoglicerolípids, ja que per una banda, no presenta aquests lípids però sí sintetitza els seus precursors UDP-glucosa i diacilglicerol (DAG). S’han dissenyat diferents soques d’E.coli on se sobreexpressen la glicosiltransferasa MG517 i, a més, la uridiltransferasa GalU procedent d’E.coli JM109, que sintetitza el precursor UDP-glucosa a partir de glucosa 1-fosfat, i l’aciltransferasa PlsC involucrada en la biosíntesi del precursor DAG. En les soques on les proteïnes GalU i PlsC s’han sobreexpressat, les seves activitats han augmentat 220 i 80 vegades, respectivament. La glicosiltransferasa MG517 és activa en totes les soques però, sorprenentment, la seva activitat després de les cinc hores d‘inducció és10 vegades inferior quan es dóna la coexpressió de MG517 i PlsC. S’observa que la sobreproducció de UDP-glucosa no incrementa la quantitat total de glicoglicerolípids mentre que el DAG sí, de manera que la soca AbC amb els gens mg517 i plsC és la que sintetitza més glicoglicerolípids, arribant a nivells de 1059 nM per biomassa. Dels tres glicoglicerolípids formats, el diglucosilacilglicerol és sempre el més abundant i el seu percentatge varia entre 57 i 82% en funció de la coexpressió dels enzims. La producció d’aquests nous lípids en la membrana d’E. coli implica que el percentatge del fosfolípid fosfatidiletanolamina disminueixi un 20%, mentre els fosfolípids anionis es mantenen constants. Es conclou que la soca modificada d’E. coli AbC és una bona plataforma per la producció de nous glicolípids amb diferent estructura. / La ingeniería metabólica es una estrategia muy útil para producir moléculas de valor añadido mediante microorganismos. Moléculas de interés por su función biológica, de estructura compleja y con dificultades en su obtención y síntesis se han obtenido de forma muy satisfactoria con el uso de esta metodología. En el laboratorio de Bioquímica del IQS se estudia la glicosiltransferasa de Micoplasma genitalium codificada por el gen mg517 y responsable de la síntesis de glicoglicerolípidos (Andrés et al. 2011). Se ha observado que esta proteína sobreexpresada en E.coli es funcional y acumula estos lípidos en la membrana plasmática. Los glicoglicerolípidos muestran diferentes puntos de interés. Por una parte, son tensioactivos que permiten la construcción de niosomas para la liberación controlada de fármacos y, por otra parte, se han seleccionado como agentes terapéuticos con inhibición de tumores cancerígenos. Debido al creciente interés de estos productos, en el presente trabajo, se ha escogido E.coli como microorganismo a modificar por ingeniería metabólica para la producción de glicoglicerolípidos, ya que no presenta estos lípidos pero sí sintetiza sus precursores UDP-glucosa y diacilglicerol (DAG). Se han diseñado diferentes cepas de E.coli donde se sobreexpressa la glicosiltransferasa MG517 y, además, la uridiltransferasa GalU de E.coli JM109, que sintetiza el precursor UDP-glucosa, y la aciltransferasa PlsC involucrada en la biosíntesis del precursor DAG. En las cepas donde las proteínas GalU y PlsC se han sobreexpressado, sus actividades han aumentado 220 y 80 veces, respectivamente. La glicosiltransferasa MG517 es activa en todas las cepas pero, sorprendentemente, su actividad después de inducir es 10 veces inferior cuando se da la coexpresión de MG517 y PlsC. Se observa que la sobreproducción de UDP-glucosa no incrementa la cantidad total de glicoglicerolípidos mientras que el DAG sí, de forma que la cepa AbC con los genes mg517 y plsC es la que sintetiza más glicoglicerolípidos, llegando a niveles de 1059 nM por biomasa. De los tres glicoglicerolípidos formados, el diglucosildiacilglicerol es siempre el más abundante y su porcentaje varía entre 57 y 82% en función de la coexpressión de las enzimas. La producción de los nuevos lípidos en la membrana de E.coli implica que el porcentaje del fosfolípido fosfatidiletanolamina disminuya un 20%, mientras los fosfolípidos aniónicos se mantienen contantes. Se concluye que la cepa modificada de E.coli AbC es una buena plataforma para la producción de nuevos glicolípidos con distinta estructura. / Metabolic engineering is a useful strategy to achieve target molecules using microorganisms. Molecules of high biological value, with complex estructure and difficulties to be obtained and synthesised, as for example, glycoconjugates, have been successfully obtained by this methodology (Ruffing i Chen, 2010). Our group studies the Mycoplasma genitalium glycosyltransferase encoded by mg517 gene and responsible of glycoglycerolipid synthesis. (Andrés et al., 2010). This protein overexpressed in E. coli is functional and accumulates the glycolipids in its plasma membrane. These glycoglycerolipids have different points of interest. On one hand, they are biosurfactants and evencan form niosomes for drug delivery systems. On the other hand, they have been related to inhibition of cancer tumors. Due to growing interest of these products, and in order to improve production of glycoglycerolipids, different metabolic engineered E. coli strains have been designed in this work. This microorganism has been chosen since on the one hand, it does not produce these lipids but its metabolism produces the glicoglicerolipids precursors, UDP-glucose and diacylglycerol (DAG). In these strains, the glycosyltransferase is coexpressed with genes related to biosynthesis of both precursors. Therefore coexpression of the glycosyltransferase MG517, the uridyl transferase GalU from E. coli JM109, which synthesizes the precursor Glc-UDP from glucose-1-phosphate, and the acyl transferase PlsC involved in the biosynthesis of the precursor DAG have been studied. Once modified strains were constructed, their phenotype have been analysed. On one hand, the three enzymatic activities have been determined in vitro from the cell extracts. When GalU and PlsC were overexpressed, their activities increased 220 and 80-fold, respectively, compared to the controls. The glycosyltransferase MG517 was active in these modified strains but, surprisingly, its activity decreases 10-fold when MG517 and PlsC were coexpressed. It is observed that overproduction of UDP-glucose does not increase total glycolipids amount while DAG have a positive impact on this production, being strain with mg517 and plsC genes which produces more glycolipids achieving 1059 nM per biomass. . Furthermore, the modified strains showed different glycoglycerolipids profiles. In all strains the disaccharide glycoglycerolipid is the most abundant but its percentage varies from 57% to 82% depending on enzyme coexpression. Production of these new lipids in E. coli membrane implies less synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipid, which is characteristic of this microorganism. Our results show the modified E. coli strain with mg517 and plsC genes is a good platform microorganism for the production of new glicolipids with different structure.