[pt] O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar os projetos coletivos e individuais e as trajetórias de vida de jovens afrodescendentes que buscam, no ensino superior, um mecanismo eficiente de ascensão social. Seguindo os indícios apontados pelos estudos de mobilidade social no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, será prioritariamente estudado o percurso de jovens que formam a primeira geração de bacharéis em suas famílias. Esta investigação analisará a burocratização do corpo como chave interpretativa de um ethos social que tem na ascensão social, um valor central. Desta forma, a corporificação dos sinais de distinção social acaba por construir um habitus associado ao sucesso e ao prestígio social. Através da investigação etnográfica com jovens afrodescendentes universitários podemos colocar em xeque a pretensa predominância de comportamentos de assimilação, como o branqueamento e o action White, como via principal para a ascensão social. Utilizando os significados, sentidos e valores que constroem as narrativas sobre as trajetórias de vida e projetos ascensionais acompanhamos a combinação particular de fatores culturais, como a concepção de raça e classe, que tem no corpo seu lócus privilegiado de análise. Analisamos em última instância como o projeto ascensional está ligado a dinâmica do englobamento e do individualismo. / [en] The aim of this study was investigate the projects and individual pathways of young African descendent, who seek in higher education, an efficient mechanism for social mobility. Based on the evidence pointed by previous studies of social mobility in Brazil and the United States, is primarily studied the route of young that are the first-generation college students. This research will examine the bureaucratization of the body s sense as key interpretive social ethos, which has in social mobility a central value. Thus, the embodiment of the signs of social distinction ultimately builds a habitus, associated with success and social prestige. In this sense, the present study proposes to conduct an ethnographic study with young African descendent students we can put into question the alleged predominance of assimilation behaviors, such as whiteness and the action White as the main route to social mobility. Will use chains of meanings, feeling and values, built on a unique combination of cultural factors that have in your body privileged locus of analysis. We analyze ultimately as the ascension project is linked to the dynamics of hierarchical and individualism ideology.

The purpose of this study was to research what negative and positive effects upward social class mobility can give a person with focus on the inner emotional world. Through a literature analysis of autobiographies has authors who have undergone social class mobility from working class to middle class been selected. The qualitative research study shows that people can be affected in several ways by experiencing upward social class mobility. Our study finds that people can be negatively affected by their upward mobility and that most of the negative aspects are similar for all the people in our study. We have used a hermeneutic method when interpreting and identifying the negative aspects of social class mobility in our empirical data. We have thematized and analyzed the data with inspiration from Pierre Bourdieu's class theories. In the empirical data, we have identified several common themes of negative aspects that can be experienced with upward social class mobility. Some of the themes are feelings like guilt, shame, feeling like you live between two worlds and not feeling at home. Their relationships with their parents and current family can also be negatively affected. In the empirical data, we can see that all the people included in the study are affected by their previous class affiliation. The changes, new social codes and habitus, that the new class brings influences people from a psychological and social perspective which creates difficulties for them to feel belonging in the new class. / Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka negativa och positiva effekter en uppåtgående klassresa kan ge en människa med fokus på den inre känslomässiga världen för en klassresenär. Genom en litteraturanalys av självbiografier har urvalet varit målstyrt till författare som genomgått en klassresa från arbetarklass till medelklass. Studien visar att människor kan påverkas på flera sätt även negativt av sin klassresa och vi kan också se att dessa sätt är liknande för alla personer i vår empiri. De negativa aspekterna vi identifierat i studien är tolkade med hjälp av metoden hermeneutik. Tematisering och analyseringen av materialet har skett med inspiration från Pierre Bourdieus klassteorier. Vi har i empirin identifierat flera gemensamma teman av negativa aspekter som personerna upplevt av sina klassresor. Känslor som skuld, skam, att känna att man lever mellan två världar och att inte känna sig hemma. Relationen till sina föräldrar och nuvarande familj kan också bli negativt påverkade. I empirin ser vi att alla personerna i studien präglas av sin tidigare klasstillhörighet. De förändringar, nya sociala koder och habitus som den nya klassen har, påverkar personerna utifrån ett psykologiskt- och socialt perspektiv som skapar svårigheter för dem att känna tillhörighet i den nya klassen.

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Denna studie undersöker hur mödrars sociala jämförelser påverkar deras upplevda tilltro till att hantera specifika situationer inom föräldrarollen. Därtill undersöker studien om det är skillnad på att jämföra sig uppåtgående eller nedåtgående. Studiens urval består av 205 mödrar med barn i åldrarna 0-5 år, boendes i Sverige. Data har samlats in online och offline vid två tidpunkter (T1 och T2) med ett års mellanrum. Resultatet visar att sociala jämförelser inte påverkar mödrars upplevda tilltro i sig, specifikt uppåtgående jämförelser gör det. En spekulativ förklaring till resultatet är att sociala jämförelser kan ha en effekt på mödrars upplevda tilltro för stunden medans uppåtgående jämförelser påverkar långsiktigt. / The purpose of the study was to examine how mothers social comparison affect their believed self-efficacy managing specific situations within the parental role. Furthermore, the study has included a distinct difference between upward social comparison and downward social comparison to further emphasize the different outcomes of the two. The sample was based on 205 mothers with children ranging from ages 0-5 all based in Sweden. Data for the study was collected during two different occasions (T1 & T2) with a one year span in between them. The result showed in general, social comparison does not affect mothers believed self-efficacy per se, upward comparison do. A speculative explanation to the result is that social comparisons might have an effect on mothers self-efficacy in the moment while upward comparison have a long term effect.

The Upward Bound Math and Science (UBMS) program at Temple University (TU) seeks to guide first-generation, low-income high school students from Philadelphia in their quest to obtain postsecondary STEM degrees that lead to related careers. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the program by analyzing its students’ performance in light of its own goals and also in view of those of its sister program, The Upward Bound (UB) program. Primarily, this study uses Confirmatory Program Evaluation to ascertain which programmatic elements predict outcomes associated with indicators of STEM interest. Program leaders in TU’s College of Education and Human Development provided data for the study. Data came from 2015–2021 annual performance reports, containing information on 374 former UBMS student participants as well as 483 former UB students. Findings indicate that UBMS students pursued postsecondary enrollment at a significantly higher rate than UB students. Results also suggest that UBMS students’ grade level upon program entry was a significant direct negative predictor for how long they were affiliated with the program. In addition, students’ grade level upon program entry was a direct positive predictor for whether they obtained a rigorous course of study. Community service involvement was a significant negative predictor for whether students completed advanced math courses. None of the predictors yielded a significant effect in either of the two outcomes by way of a third, mediating variable. Implications of the study suggest that alliances between principal investigators, program administrators, and statisticians—ultimately through mixed-methods approaches—may offer valuable insight regarding the evaluation of UBMS and programs like it. / Educational Leadership

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study identifies the problem of job mobility among black managers in corporate South Africa, which is due to various factors explored in this research. The central theme of this research is to highlight the major challenges faced by black managers in the corporate sector to upward mobility. An extensive review of the literature, including legislation, textbooks, journal articles, internet and existing case studies has been conducted. A questionnaire survey of black managers who were members of the Black Management Forum was conducted with a view to gaining insight regarding key issues faced by black managers in corporate South Africa. Black managers surveyed came from different sectors of the economy, operating at different levels of management, from junior to top management. The results from the survey were analysed, and showed that black managers do not get proper organizational support, training and development to enable them to perform their duties and reach their maximum potential. Other issues from the survey findings include racial discrimination, lack of mentorship and support from top management, marginalization, tokenism, lack of career planning. These all present major challenges facing black managers seeking upward mobility in the workplace. Several recommendations are made on how to reduce the negative impact for both organisations and black managers caused by job-hopping resulting from these obstacles faced by black managers in the workplace. These include creating a working environment that is inclusive, where every employee feels recognised and valued for his or her efforts. Furthermore, it is recommended that organizations promote an environment that embraces diversity of cultures, where all employees are treated equally and fairly with due regard to their constitutional rights to equality and dignity. The author also suggests that organizational core values must reject unfair discrimination and promote tolerance of the different cultures and behaviours that exist within the organisation. It is further suggested that for these recommendations to work in practice, transformation must be a primary objective of the organisation. This must be accompanied by a change of mindsets and attitudes, and supported by management. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige studie identifiseer die probleem van werk mobiliteit van swart bestuurders in korporatiewe Suid-Afrika. Verskeie faktore wat lei tot die probleem word in die studie ondersoek. Die sentrale tema van die studie is om die hoof uitdagings wat mobilitiet van swart bestuurders in die korporatiewe sektor in die gesig staar te ondersoek. ‘n Omvattende literatuurstudie is onderneem en wetgewing, handboeke, joernaal artikels, die internet en bestaande gevallestudies is geraadpleeg. ‘n Vraelys is gebruik as metode vir die studie. Swart bestuurders wat lede is van die Swart Bestuursforum is gebruik vir die studie, met die doel om hulle insig oor belangrike sake wat swart bestuurders in korporatiewe Suid Afrika in die gesig staar. The swart bestuurders wat gebruik is vir die studie kom van verskeie sektore in die ekonomie. Hulle werk op verskillende vlakke wat strek van junior tot topbestuur. Die resultate van die studie is geanaliseer en het gewys dat swart bestuurders nie ordentlike organistoriese ondersteuning, opleiding en ontwikkeling ontvang om hulle pligte te verrig en hulle volle potensiaal te bereik nie. Ander kwessies geidentifiseer gedurende die studie is rasse diskriminasie, gebrek aan mentorskap en ondersteuning van topbestuur, marginalisme, oëverblindery en gebrek aan loopbaanbeplanning. Verskeie aanbevelings word gemaak oor hoe om die negatiewe impak van die rondbeweeg van swart bestuurders binne organisasies te verminder. Die aanbevelings sluit in die bewerkstelling van ‘n werksomgewing wat inklusief is, en waar elke werknemer voel dat hulle word erken en gewaardeer vir sy ywer. Dit word verder aanbeveel dat organisasies ‘n omgewing wat diversiteit van kulture insluit en bevorder, en waar werknemers regverdig en gelyk gehanteer word, met behoorlike oorweging aan hulle konstitusionele regte tot gelykheid en waardigheid. Die navorser beveel ook aan dat organisasies se kernwaardes moet onder geen omstandighede onbillike diskriminasie duld nie en moet die verdraagsaamheid van verskillende kulture en gedrag wat in die organisasie bestaan bevorder. Dit word verder aangeraai dat vir die aanbevelings om in die praktyk te werk moet transformasie ’n primere objektief wees wat gepaard moet gaan met ‘n verandering in gemoed en houding en ‘n algehele ondersteuning deur bestuur. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige studie identifiseer die probleem van werk mobiliteit van swart bestuurders in korporatiewe Suid-Afrika. Verskeie faktore wat lei tot die probleem word in die studie ondersoek. Die sentrale tema van die studie is om die hoof uitdagings wat mobilitiet van swart bestuurders in die korporatiewe sektor in die gesig staar te ondersoek. ‘n Omvattende literatuurstudie is onderneem en wetgewing, handboeke, joernaal artikels, die internet en bestaande gevallestudies is geraadpleeg. ‘n Vraelys is gebruik as metode vir die studie. Swart bestuurders wat lede is van die Swart Bestuursforum is gebruik vir die studie, met die doel om hulle insig oor belangrike sake wat swart bestuurders in korporatiewe Suid Afrika in die gesig staar. The swart bestuurders wat gebruik is vir die studie kom van verskeie sektore in die ekonomie. Hulle werk op verskillende vlakke wat strek van junior tot topbestuur. Die resultate van die studie is geanaliseer en het gewys dat swart bestuurders nie ordentlike organistoriese ondersteuning, opleiding en ontwikkeling ontvang om hulle pligte te verrig en hulle volle potensiaal te bereik nie. Ander kwessies geidentifiseer gedurende die studie is rasse diskriminasie, gebrek aan mentorskap en ondersteuning van topbestuur, marginalisme, oëverblindery en gebrek aan loopbaanbeplanning. Verskeie aanbevelings word gemaak oor hoe om die negatiewe impak van die rondbeweeg van swart bestuurders binne organisasies te verminder. Die aanbevelings sluit in die bewerkstelling van ‘n werksomgewing wat inklusief is, en waar elke werknemer voel dat hulle word erken en gewaardeer vir sy ywer. Dit word verder aanbeveel dat organisasies ‘n omgewing wat diversiteit van kulture insluit en bevorder, en waar werknemers regverdig en gelyk gehanteer word, met behoorlike oorweging aan hulle konstitusionele regte tot gelykheid en waardigheid. Die navorser beveel ook aan dat organisasies se kernwaardes moet onder geen omstandighede onbillike diskriminasie duld nie en moet die verdraagsaamheid van verskillende kulture en gedrag wat in die organisasie bestaan bevorder. Dit word verder aangeraai dat vir die aanbevelings om in die praktyk te werk moet transformasie ’n primere objektief wees wat gepaard moet gaan met ‘n verandering in gemoed en houding en ‘n algehele ondersteuning deur bestuur.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether: 1) Southwest Region TRIO high school students between the years 1991 - 2001 continued to college immediately after high school at rates significantly different than similar population students on national and state levels; and 2) immediate college continuation for this group was a function of social and economic characteristics including race, gender, parental education, and home-care environment. The sample included 414 TRIO program participants from Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Louisiana, and Arkansas. Data on the 414 participants were gathered using an existing database containing demographic and post-secondary enrollment information on study participants. The findings of this study reveal Southwest Region TRIO students during this ten-year period continued to college immediately after high school at rates not significantly different than the national low-income population of students. Results indicate that when compared to all students in the five-state southwest region, the majority low-income, first-generation TRIO population continued to college at rates not significantly different than all-income students in the region. Findings of this study also revealed select social and economic characteristics were not predictors of immediate college continuation for this group. Finally, the study showed out-of-home care environment students continued to college at significantly higher rates than in-home care Southwest Region TRIO students.