Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-02-16T19:28:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Tadeu Contiero.pdf: 1635805 bytes, checksum: 5ee55c0a96f91ed23fcb72a7f2a62445 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T19:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Tadeu Contiero.pdf: 1635805 bytes, checksum: 5ee55c0a96f91ed23fcb72a7f2a62445 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / This thesis aims at the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes and seeks to understand how it contributed to the internal secularization of Catholicism, changing the way the Catholic Church relates to the modern world. The subject is shown relevant in so far as the document has recently completed its fifty years and is still little studied even by the Catholic hierarchy. At the same time, it is important to try to understand not only the acceptance of secularization but also how the tumultuous relationship between Church and modernity has taken place. We proceed from the hypothesis that every condemnation made by the ecclesiastical magisterium against the modern world loses its relevance with Gaudium et spes, since it brings within it the acceptance of modernity as being positive even for the Catholic Church. The research consists of a bibliographical analysis based not only on the prominent authors who have already worked on the theme, but also on primary sources such as diaries of Conciliar Fathers and the Constitution itself, which makes a greater contribution to the studies on the Council and the Pastoral Constitution. With the development of the research, we believe that Gaudium et spes followed in the opposite direction to the teaching that preceded it and, therefore, was responsible for the establishment of a new, essentially secular, Catholic imaginary / A presente tese tem como objeto a Constituição Pastoral Gaudium et spes e busca compreender como a mesma contribuiu para a secularização interna do catolicismo, alterando o modo como a Igreja Católica se relaciona com o mundo moderno. O tema se mostra bastante relevante na medida em que o documento completou recentemente seus cinquenta anos e ainda é pouco estudado até mesmo pela hierarquia católica. Ao mesmo tempo, mostra-se importante por tentar compreender não apenas a aceitação da secularização, mas também como se deu a tumultuada relação entre Igreja-modernidade. Partimos da hipótese de que toda condenação feita pelo magistério eclesiástico contra o mundo moderno perde sua relevância com a Gaudium et spes uma vez que essa trás em seu interior a aceitação da modernidade como sendo positiva até mesmo para a Igreja Católica. A pesquisa consiste em uma análise bibliográfica fundamentada não apenas nos autores de destaque que já trabalharam com o tema, mas também com fontes primárias, como diários de Padres Conciliares e a própria Constituição o que confere uma contribuição maior para os estudos sobre o Concílio e a Constituição Pastoral. Com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, acreditamos comprovar que a Gaudium et spes seguiu na direção contrária ao magistério que a antecedeu e, com isso, foi responsável pelo estabelecimento de um novo imaginário católico, fundamentalmente secular

Cette étude de la Congrégation des Sœurs des Saints Noms de Jésus et de Marie (SNJM) entre 1954 et 1985 explore l'évolution et l'adaptation d'un institut religieux apostolique féminin sous les effets conjugués du concile Vatican II, de la réforme de l'éducation lors de la Révolution tranquille et du mouvement féministe. Le cas des SNJM, une congrégation transnationale, nous permet de saisir le parcours d'un groupe de femmes consacrées catholiques dans le contexte des changements socioculturels majeurs qui affectent le Québec et l'Amérique du Nord. L'hypothèse générale de notre recherche est que les SNJM, loin de disparaître avec la fin de leur mainmise sur l'enseignement traditionnel, se sont renouvelées en tenant compte des propositions du concile Vatican II ainsi que de la réalité sociopolitique et économique du Québec. Ouvertes aux mêmes influences culturelles que les autres femmes de l'époque, mais portées par une volonté de servir un idéal eschatologique, elles se reconstruisent un nouvel espace d'intervention et d'épanouissement. Notre thèse illumine donc, sous différents angles, le cheminement particulier d'une congrégation, ce qui élargit la vision de l'expérience féminine de cette époque. Ainsi, l'évolution de cette congrégation religieuse n'est pas linéaire, mais le résultat de négociations entre les religieuses et les différentes structures de contrôle que sont la société québécoise, l'Église catholique et la congrégation elle-même. À partir d'un corpus de sources incluant entre autres les archives de la congrégation des SNJM, celles de différentes associations liées au monde de l'éducation, de revues religieuses et de la mise en perspective de cette thèse avec l'historiographie, nous avons été en mesure de situer cette congrégation sur le plan spirituel et apostolique, dans le contexte particulier de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. À l'orée de la période des changements, soit de 1954 à 1961, les autorités, les supérieures générales et provinciales, exercent leur influence dans un cadre balisé par l'Église et son épiscopat. Toutefois, au-delà de ces apparences, la congrégation et les espaces conventuels qu'elle développe offrent l'occasion à de nombreuses femmes d'exercer des fonctions non-traditionnelles et de s'épanouir professionnellement et personnellement. Dans le contexte du pontificat de Pie XII, la congrégation amorce des réformes sur le plan de la formation des novices et celle des enseignantes. L'action de Mère Joseph-de-la-Providence, la directrice générale des études, pave la voie à la phase préparatoire du Concile. L'horizon d'attente, puis la réception du concile Vatican II (1962-1965) interpellent les SNJM. Les attentes et les représentations que se font les membres de la congrégation sont marquées par les interprétations de l'épiscopat et des spécialistes religieux masculins ainsi que par les médias audiovisuels et imprimés. Les SNJM sont conscientes des enjeux de la tenue et de la réussite du Concile pour l'avenir de l'Église, mais l'éloignement géographique et le rôle passif qu'on leur impose ne leur permet pas de se construire une conscience conciliaire homogène à travers le processus de réception conciliaire. Simultanément au concile Vatican II, le gouvernement du Québec impose une autre réforme dans le champ de l'éducation. Cette situation colore fortement l'aggiornamento des SNJM. Suite aux recommandations du Rapport Parent, l'État québécois entreprend son vaste projet de réforme scolaire. Cela place les congrégations enseignantes féminines dans des situations souvent difficiles, car les changements structuraux sont imposés dans des délais de prescription assez courts. Les SNJM mettront en place des stratégies de sauvegarde de leurs institutions, mais qui se confronteront à la vision de l'État provincial québécois. Cette situation impose une redéfinition du concept d'éducation au sein de la congrégation, dans le contexte de révision constitutionnelle qui suit l'appel au changement du Concile. De nombreuses modifications sont apportées aux Constitutions sous l'inspiration de Vatican II. Les formes traditionnelles de l'autorité sont revisitées et le respect de la personne humaine devient un nouveau fondement des rapports au sein de la congrégation. La vie religieuse commune se transforme aussi, particulièrement sur le plan de la liturgie, à la lumière de la réinterprétation du charisme de la fondatrice. Les SNJM s'intéressent à la question des femmes à partir des années 1960. Sans faire l'unanimité, les idées féministes prennent une place dans les travaux théologiques de certaines SNJM et s'immiscent dans les documents officiels à partir des années 1980. La congrégation devient alors un terrain transnational fertile de débats et d'échanges, particulièrement sur le rôle et la place des femmes dans la structure ecclésiale et le monde laïc. Les religieuses SNJM quittent les anciens couvents qui ont modelé leurs interactions avec le monde extérieur et se lancent dans une série de nouveaux apostolats. À partir de formes renouvelées d'insertion de l'espace urbain séculier, de petites communautés de SNJM développent des œuvres inédites, centrées sur le respect de la personne humaine et l'éducation de la foi. Paradoxalement, les religieuses, malgré un contexte social défavorable, continuent à témoigner du Christ. Les SNJM le font dans une perspective élargie de l'éducation, à travers les initiatives individuelles d'œuvres de justice sociale, d'éducation populaire et d'aide aux femmes, mais aussi au sein de l'Église où elles s'occupent des fonctions et des responsabilités nouvelles. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Congrégation religieuse, Sœurs des Saints Noms de Jésus et de Marie, Femmes, Genre, Concile, Vatican II, Réception, Horizons d'attente, Catholique, Modernisation, Adaptation, Agentivité, XXe siècle, Québec

Ce travail explore la dualité telle qu’elle se présente dans deux ouvrages d’André Gide, Les Caves du Vatican et Les Faux-Monnayeurs. Thème majeur de la littérature, le double ne cesse d’illustrer les différentes tensions qui se créent et se combattent chez une seule et même personne. Souvent représenté physiquement dans la littérature du XIXe siècle à la suite de la figure du Doppelgänger, le double chez Gide se complexifie : plus subtil, il se manifeste de manière psychologique. La dualité se présente de deux manières dans les écrits d’André Gide : chez les personnages et à travers la narration. Par l’étude des contradictions et des inconséquences des personnages, de la représentation de la dualité chez différents personnages, de leur dédoublement et de leurs doubles discours, il sera possible de constater à quel point les personnages structurent la dualité. L’analyse de l’identité des narrateurs, de leurs interventions et des figures de rhétorique qu’ils emploient permettra également de comprendre que plus ils se révèlent, plus ils se complexifient. / This work explores duality as it is portrayed in two books by André Gide, Les Caves du Vatican (translated as Lafcadio’s Adventures and The Vatican Cellars) and Les Faux-Monnayeurs (The Counterfeiters). The concept of the double is a major literary theme which sheds light on the various tensions lashing against each other within individuals. Often depicted in physical form in 19th century literature following the use of the Doppelgänger figure, the double found in Gide’s writings is more complex: subtler, it remains psychological but is not visible. There are two major ways in which duality appears in Gide’s books: through the characters, and through the narrative. Studying the characters’ contradictions and inconsistencies, the representation of duality in various characters, their ability to become another character’s double, and their double discourses enables us to establish the extent to which the characters structure duality. An analysis of the narrators’ identities, of their interventions, and of the rhetorical figures they use also shows that the more they reveal themselves, the more complex they become.

Jean-Paul II a été favorable à une bonne utilisation des moyens de communication sociale pour renforcer les activités missionnaires de l'Église catholique dans un monde davantage sécularisé. Plusieurs autres auteurs qui seront mentionnés dans ce mémoire célèbrent ce rapport positif que le pape entretient avec les médias et les professionnels des médias. Toutefois une relecture des textes de Jean-Paul II permet de conclure que ce rapport aux médias prend en compte les problèmes associés aux effets négatifs des médias. Certes, son usage et sa compréhension des médias se trouvaient motivés largement par les avantages certains qu'ils offrent, dont il se servira avec habileté, mais aussi par les effets débilitants sur l’annonce de l'Évangile dans le monde actuel qu'ils provoquent. Ambivalent, ce pape réussira tout de même à tirer son épingle du jeu et tentera par tous les moyens de convaincre les Catholiques de l'importance des médias, toutes les formes de médias. Dans le but d'éclaircir ce rapport ambivalent, le mémoire formule deux questions sur lesquelles les analyses sont centrées : 1. Quels sont les enjeux problématiques des médias sous-entendus dans les réflexions de Jean-Paul II en matière de communication sociale ? 2. Quelles approches a-t-il utilisées en réponse à ces enjeux ? En définitive, ces questions permettent, du moins nous semble-t-il, de saisir des aspects fondamentaux concernant les apports de Jean-Paul II en communication sociale. / John Paul II promoted the good use of the means of social communication to support the Catholic Church’s missionary activities in a rapidly secularizing world. Several authors that will be mentioned in this essay celebrate the positive relationship the Pope fostered with media and media professionals. A re-reading of John Paul II’s texts leads us to the conclusion that he was concerned with the problems that the media entails. His use and understanding of the media were motivated largely by the obvious benefits they offered, which he employed to great advantage, but also by their harmful effects on the spread of the Gospel. Ambivalent, the Pope knows how to draw on the best practices and attempts to convince Catholics of the importance of all forms of media. In the hope of clarifying this ambivalent relationship, this essay presents two questions to guide its analysis: 1. What are the problematic issues associated with the media implied in John Paul II’s reflections on the means of social communication? 2. What approaches did he use in response to these issues? In short, these questions allow us, at the very least, to examine some fundamental aspects of John Paul II’s views on social communications.

[pt] O presente estudo discute um problema teológico: Deus é ou não é silencioso? Depois da encarnação em Jesus Cristo, não se pode mais julgar Deus de omisso ou silencioso. Na segunda pessoa da Trindade, Ele se revela solidário ao homem, caminha junto, sofre junto, é presente na sua forma kenótica. Isso nos é revelado por Jesus em sua vida e missão. A pesquisa chega assim a primeira questão: o que aconteceu com o humano que se distanciou deste ponto de referência? Jesus, Deus encarnado, traz a esperança que nos afirma que hoje, como sempre, ainda se pode crer que a paz e o bem são possíveis porque o mal não é mais forte que o bem. Ainda é possível falar de um Deus que se faz cercar e preceder da presença da paz e da justiça e cujo outro nome é Amor. O Crucificado não é a sacralização do absurdo do mal e da violência, mas a mais completa expressão da definição joanina: Deus é amor! E por isso a fonte de toda esperança. Mas se Deus é amor, perguntar-se pelo silencio de Deus é inerente ao homem que olha ao seu redor. Questiona-se sobre o mal, pergunta-se pela finitude não aceita, pela morte indesejada e, apesar disso, acontecida, pelo absurdo da morte do inocente, do sofrimento do justo, dos acidentes inexplicáveis, das doenças degenerativas, das violências vivenciadas em cada dia... O presente trabalho fundamentará seu estudo e buscará algumas respostas na obra O Deus Crucificado de J. Moltmann e no livro Jesus libertador de Jon Sobrino. / [en] This study discusses a theological problem: Is GOD silent or not? After the reincarnation of Jesus Christ, we can no longer judge GOD absent or silent. In the second person of the Trinity, He reveals himself with solidarity to men, walks alongside them, suffers with them, and is present in his kenotic form. This is revealed to us by Jesus Christ in his life and mission. This research brings to life the first question: What happens with the person who distances himself from this reference point? Jesus, GOD reincarnated, brings hope that tell us that today, as always, we can still believe that the peace and goodness are possible because evil is not stronger than good. It is still possible to speak of a GOD that it is surrounded and preceded by the presence of peace and justice and whose other name is LOVE. The crucified is not the sacralisation of the absurdity of evil and violence, but the most complete expression of the John definition: GOD IS LOVE! And so the source of all hope. But if GOD is love, to question Jesus Christ silence, is inherent to the men looking around themselves. Questions about evil, the end not welcomed, the unwanted death, and nevertheless, taking place, the absurd death of the innocent, the suffering of the just, the inexplicable accidents, the degenerative diseases, violence experienced every day… This work reasons for the study and will seek for some answers in the works of The Crucified God by J. Moltmann and Christ, the Liberator by Jon Sobrino.

[pt] A partir do Concílio Vaticano II e, particularmente, a partir do decreto Optatam Totius, foi pedida uma renovação da Teologia Moral segundo três orientações fundamentais: o resgate da tradição bíblica, o acento na História da Salvação e o vínculo com a Liturgia. Tal renovação se faz urgente e necessária face aos inúmeros desafios para se tratar teologicamente do tema da sexualidade na pós-modernidade. É por essa razão, que a mistagogia da Iniciação Cristã apresenta-se como uma maneira de, simultaneamente, atender aos apelos do Concílio Vaticano II e falar uma linguagem acessível ao ser humano pós-moderno. É, com efeito, a partir de uma aproximação mistágógica ao Ritual de Iniciação Cristã de Adultos que se descortinam uma série de implicações para a ética da sexualidade tais como a comunicabilidade, a relacionalidade, a criatividade, a fecundidade, a ludicidade, a responsabilidade, a esponsabilidade, etc. Tais implicações ampliam o horizonte de possibilidade para se tratar do tema da ética da sexualidade na pós-modernidade, ao mesmo tempo que reorientam essa disciplina teológica à centralidade do mistério pascal de Cristo. / [en] From the Second Vatican Council and particularly from the decree Optatam Totius, a renewal of Moral Theology was requested in three basic guidelines: the rescue of the biblical tradition, the accent in the Salvation History and the link with the Liturgy. Such renewal is urgent and necessary in meeting the many challenges to talk theologically about the sexuality in post-modernity. Because of that, the mystagogy of Christian Initiation is presented as a way to simultaneously meet the Second Vatican Council appeals and speak a language accessible to postmodern human being. It is, in effect, from a mystagogical approach to the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults that several implications for the ethics of sexuality such as communicability, relationality, creativity, fertility, playfulness, responsibility, nuptiality, etc., are revealed. Such implications extend the horizon of possibility to address the ethics of sexuality theme in post-modernity, while redirect this theological discipline to the centrality of the Paschal Mystery of Christ.

[pt] A palavra mistério, nascida dentro do ambiente cultual grego, entrou na Sagrada Escritura já nas traduções do Antigo Testamento em relação aos termos râz e sôd, respectivamente, em aramaico e hebraico, recebendo assim uma carga semântica teológica dentro das concepções do Povo da primeira Aliança. Por conseguinte, o Novo Testamento, sobretudo as cartas paulinas, faz um abundante uso do termo mistério. Numa linha progressiva de elaboração do conceito de mistério na Sagrada Escritura, ele é a revelação do plano salvífico de Deus Pai em Jesus Cristo através de etapas sucessivas e concatenadas. A teologia patrística, recebendo da tradição bíblica o conceito de mistério, vai desenvolvê-lo quanto as suas mediações no momento eclesial em quatro direções interdependentes: a História Salvífica, a Igreja, a Palavra de Deus e a Liturgia. Na primeira metade do século XX, em virtude do afastamento da teologia das fontes bíblico-patrísticas, o monge beneditino Odo Casel reintroduzirá na reflexão teológico-litúrgico o conceito de mistério, recuperando seu vigor fontal. Esta recuperação, apesar de sofrer uma série de críticas, paulatinamente vai sendo incorporada nos documentos magisteriais. Neste movimento, a Constituição Dogmática Sacrosanctum Concilium é o documento basilar e paradigmático na reintrodução da teologia do mistério pela Igreja. De fato, as intuições mistéricas dos Padres conciliares recolhidas neste documento vão sendo desenvolvidas nas demais Constituições do Concilio Vaticano II, legando a Igreja de hoje uma fecunda herança para repensar sua prática teológico-pastoral. / [en] The word mystery has had born inside of greek cultual ambience and it has been introduced by the translators in the Holy Scriptures translations from Old Testament in order to translate the words râz and sôd, respectively, in Aramaic and Hebrew idioms, receiving their semantic charge according to First Alliance People faith. Posteriorly, the New Testament, especially the Pauline letters, used widely the word mystery. In the progressive development inside of the Scripture Text, the concept of mystery means the revelation of the God Father salvation plan by Jesus Christ through successive and concatenated stages. The patristic theology, receiving the concept of mystery from biblical tradition, continued developing it as its interdependent mediations in the ecclesial stage: the History of Salvation, the Church, the Word of God and the Liturgy. In the first half of the century XX, because of the distance from theology to biblical and patristic sources, the benedictine monk Odo Casel reintroduced the concept the mystery in the theological and liturgical reflections, recovering its source strength. This recovering, in spite of critical positions, little by little, was incorporated by ecclesial works. In this incorporation, the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy is the primary and paradigmatic work at reintroducing of the theology of the mystery by the Church. Indeed, council Fathers mysterical insights, written in the Sacrosanctum Concilium, developed on the others Constitution from the Vatican Council II, providing the current church a rich heritage in order to criticize its theological and pastoral practices.

It was certainly a primary concern of the Second Vatican Council, facing the Third World in a post-colonial era, to show a maximum respect for humanity's invincible cultural pluralism (GS, 44, 58). Hence the emphasis on the primordial and unique missionary principle of incarnation, is derived directly from the scandalous belief that God became one of us in everything except sin (cf Heb. 2:14-18; 4:15). The Christian understanding of the relationship between God and humankind is dominated by this incarnationcd theme, which takes seriously the meaning of finitude, flesh and history. The incarnational self-donation, through which humanity is embraced from within, involved an incomprehensible self-emptying (cf. Phil 2:6-8). In giving himself to us in this intrinsic manner the divine Logos discounts his divinity and humbles himself that he might become truly one of us. Jesus of Nazareth is not a disguise used by God, not a human outer garment covering the divinity, not something foreign to what we are. / Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Systematic Theology)

The Prefecture of Pella bought Heirachabis in 1895 and occupied it in 1898. This marked the beginning of the Mission in the South. The Oblates of Mary Immaculate officially started on 8 December 1896. They were allowed to minister among the Europeans and among Africans, not ministered to by a Protestant Mission. The first expansion was at Klein Windhoek, and at Swakopmund being the gateway to the Protectorate. The Tswana invited the Mission to help them after they had arrived from the Cape. Aminuis and Epukiro were founded. After 1905 the Mission was allowed to open stations among the Herera and Damara. Doebra, Gobabis, Usakos, Omaruru, and Okombahe were the result. Seven expeditions were undertaken to reach Kavango. After many failures the first mission became a reality at Nyangana in 1910. Just before the war the expansion reached Grootfontein, Tsumeb and Kokasib. In the South missions were opened at Warmbad, Gabis, Keetmanshoop, Luederitz and Gibeon. World War I scattered the African population of the towns which disturbed the missionary work. The S. A. Administration allowed most missionaries to stay. After the Peace Conference S. W. A. became a Mandate of S. A. In 1924 permission was granted to enter Owambo. The first station was opened in Ukuambi, later followed by Ombalantu and Okatana. In 1926 the Prefecture of Lower Cimbebasia was elevated to the Vicariate of Windhoek, while the Prefecture of Great Namaqualand became the Vicariate of Keetmanshoop in 1930. World War II left the missionary activities undisturbed. In 1943 Magistrate Trollop in Caprivi invited the Catholic Mission in 1943 to come and open educational and health facilities. The South expanded into Stampriet, Witkrans, Aroab, Mariental. The election victory in 1948 in South Africa of the Afrikaner Parties with the resulting apartheid legislation negatively affected the missions in S. W. A. After 1965 the influence of Vatican II became noticeable, while the pressure of the United Nations Organisation moved the territory towards independence. While initially the Catholic Church had been very cautious, in the ?O's and 80's she took a very definite stand in favour of human rights. She also became a full member of the CCN. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-21T08:58:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Célia Maria Ribeiro.pdf: 1742445 bytes, checksum: a8dea33a0619c23b8118adceaf216235 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-21T08:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Célia Maria Ribeiro.pdf: 1742445 bytes, checksum: a8dea33a0619c23b8118adceaf216235 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work introduces Pope Francis ministry in a different light, an approach which has not been usually adopted, so far: Ignatian spirituality. From the start, it narrates Jorge Mario Bergoglio’s spiritual and intellectual backgrounds, which were firstly incorporated from his own family and further developed when he joined in the Society of Jesus. His trajectory as a clergyman highlights his struggles with his fellow brothers in his religious congregation, where he experienced both setbacks and advancements, especially, when we consider the Latin America historical context at the time, during which Argentina, where he was born and raised, was under a military dictatorship. Nevertheless, in spite of all the political tensions, his decisions always go in the direction of pastoral work and spiritual discernment. Following that, this work highlights the Second Vatican Council major influence over the Church new policies in our contemporary cultural scenario, a context full of challenges which were long felt in the successive Church crisis. This was an important aspect for Pope Benedict XVI resignation, which is also assessed in this work, a resignation that was followed by the conclave ending up in the election of the first Jesuit Pope. The circumstances for his choice and the facts triggered by the new Bishop of Rome, beginning with his decision to be called “Francis” and advancing to the traits of his Petrine ministry, are taken into account, especially in the light of Ignatian spirituality, when references to time, places and people are underlined. Nevertheless, it is a work that introduces Pope Francis inner language in the context of his outspoken life / Este trabalho apresenta o ministério do Papa Francisco sob um enfoque com poucos precedentes, até então: a espiritualidade inaciana. De início, narra a formação espiritual e intelectual de Jorge Mario Bergoglio, obtida a partir de sua própria família e desenvolvimento na Companhia de Jesus. Em sua trajetória, destacam-se as nuances e os reveses da convivência na congregação religiosa, sobretudo, no contexto latino-americano, em decorrência da ditadura militar na Argentina, país de sua origem e crescimento pessoal e eclesial; assim como as tensões para a tomada de decisão, porém sempre baseada no discernimento espiritual e pastoral. A seguir, sinaliza para a influência do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II na reorientação da Igreja e na relação com a cultura contemporânea, repleta de desafios, os quais foram sentidos na longa crise da instituição milenar. Este, um aspecto considerado relevante na renúncia do Papa Bento XVI, também abordado na pesquisa, seguido do conclave que culminou na eleição do primeiro Papa jesuíta. As circunstâncias de sua escolha e os fatos desencadeados pelo novo Bispo de Roma, desde a opção por chamar-se “Francisco” às características próprias do seu ministério petrino, são levados em consideração, especialmente à luz da espiritualidade inaciana, quando se assinalam as referências aos tempos, lugares e pessoas. Contudo, trata-se de um trabalho que analisa a linguagem interior do Papa Francisco baseada na exterioridade de sua vida