O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como elementos textuais podem ser utilizados, em trabalhos de arte, como ferramentas para transformar a imagem fotográfica, expandindo-a para novos sentidos. Para isso, são analisados trabalhos desenvolvidos por Vera Chaves Barcellos, nos anos 1970, e por Rosângela Rennó, nos anos 1990, considerando questões relativas à produção nacional e internacional da época. A obra de Barcellos é abordada a partir de suas ligações com a arte conceitual, enquanto a de Rosângela Rennó é analisada em relação às abordagens da fotografia na arte contemporânea mais recente. Pretende-se com esse estudo, além de alcançar um melhor entendimento das poéticas dessas artistas, apontar para algumas das transformações nos papéis atribuídos ao texto e à fotografia na arte desses períodos. / The objective of this work is to understand how textual elements can be used, in the artistic field, in order to transform the photographic image, expanding it to new meanings. To do so, we analyze the work developed by Vera Chaves Barcellos in the 1970s and the one developed by Rosângela Rennó in the 1990s, considering their connection to the national and international artistic production of the period. The work of Barcellos is approached regarding its connections to conceptual art, while the production of Rosângela Rennó is studied considering the uses of photography in contemporary practices. We intend, therefore, not only to achieve a better comprehension of these artists’ poetics, but also to point out some of the transformations on the roles assigned to images and texts in the art of these periods.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como elementos textuais podem ser utilizados, em trabalhos de arte, como ferramentas para transformar a imagem fotográfica, expandindo-a para novos sentidos. Para isso, são analisados trabalhos desenvolvidos por Vera Chaves Barcellos, nos anos 1970, e por Rosângela Rennó, nos anos 1990, considerando questões relativas à produção nacional e internacional da época. A obra de Barcellos é abordada a partir de suas ligações com a arte conceitual, enquanto a de Rosângela Rennó é analisada em relação às abordagens da fotografia na arte contemporânea mais recente. Pretende-se com esse estudo, além de alcançar um melhor entendimento das poéticas dessas artistas, apontar para algumas das transformações nos papéis atribuídos ao texto e à fotografia na arte desses períodos. / The objective of this work is to understand how textual elements can be used, in the artistic field, in order to transform the photographic image, expanding it to new meanings. To do so, we analyze the work developed by Vera Chaves Barcellos in the 1970s and the one developed by Rosângela Rennó in the 1990s, considering their connection to the national and international artistic production of the period. The work of Barcellos is approached regarding its connections to conceptual art, while the production of Rosângela Rennó is studied considering the uses of photography in contemporary practices. We intend, therefore, not only to achieve a better comprehension of these artists’ poetics, but also to point out some of the transformations on the roles assigned to images and texts in the art of these periods.

Orientador: Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes Marcondes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas,I nstituto de Bi9ologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T07:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tomasin_Rebeka_M.pdf: 6922959 bytes, checksum: 859d99a4ec9c7b0f3a25f971d31f8645 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O câncer é responsável pela morte de oito milhões de pessoas todos os anos, sendo que anualmente são diagnosticados mais de onze milhões de novos casos. O estudo de tratamentos alternativos e coadjuvantes é, portanto, de grande valia. Aventa-se que tanto Aloe vera quanto o mel contém efeitos anti-câncer. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ação do homogeneizado de Aloe vera e mel sobre o crescimento tumoral e caquexia em ratos Wistar portadores de carcinossarcoma de Walker 256. Visando avaliar o impacto da administração de Aloe vera e mel sobre a proliferação celular e apoptose no decorrer do desenvolvimento tumoral, foram coletados tecido hepático e tumoral de animais sacrificados após 7, 14 e 20 dias de implantação tumoral. As análises imunohistoquímicas de tumores provenientes de animais tratados com homogeneizado de Aloe vera e mel revelaram, ao longo do desenvolvimento tumoral, queda na taxa de proliferação celular (Ki-67) e aumento na susceptibilidade à apoptose (relação Bax/Bcl-2) além de menor peso relativo do tumor, quando comparados aos tumores de animais que receberam soro fisiológico. Paralelamente, a análise do tecido hepático desses animais mostrou queda na susceptibilidade à apoptose (relação Bax/Bcl-2) em relação aos animais que não foram tratados com Aloe vera e mel. A fim de se avaliar o efeito terapêutico do homogeneizado de Aloe vera e mel sobre parâmetros relacionados ao estresse oxidativo e à caquexia, ratos Wistar tratados ou não anteriormente à indução tumoral foram redistribuídos de forma a iniciar (CWA), interromper (AW), manter (AWA) ou não receber tratamento (CW) com Aloe vera e mel após a indução de tumor. Os animais foram monitorados quanto ao ganho de peso, consumo de dieta e peso calculado do tumor. Após 21 dias de evolução tumoral, as análises morfométricas associadas à quantificação de proteínas séricas, bem como avaliação de estresse oxidativo (envolvendo análise da atividade de catalase, superoxido dismutase, glutationa S tranferase e fostatase alcalina, além do teor de proteína e MDA), em órgãos como fígado, músculo e coração, sugerem que o tratamento com homogeneizado de Aloe vera e mel auxiliou na modulação do estresse oxidativo, espoliação e caquexia, especialmente quando administrado de forma terapêutica (CWA). Em contrapartida, foi observada tendência a estresse oxidativo bem como queda na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes no tecido tumoral, em animais tratados com Aloe vera e mel. Os dados obtidos sugerem que a administração de Aloe vera e mel preserva a integridade dos tecidos hospedeiros enquanto provoca detrimento do tecido tumoral / Abstract: Cancer is diagnosed in approximately 11 million people and is responsible for approximately 8 million deaths every year. Research in cancer control has shown the importance of co-adjuvant therapies. Aloe vera may reduce tumour mass and metastasis rates, while honey may inhibit tumour growth. This study verified the influence of Aloe vera and honey on tumour growth and cachexia in tumour-bearing rats. The influence of Aloe vera and honey on tumour growth evolution was assessed through tumour cell proliferation rate (Ki67-LI) and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at 7, 14 and 20 days after the implant of Walker 256 carcinoma (sc) in adult rats. The effect of Aloe vera and honey against tumour growth was observed through a decrease in tumour cell proliferative rates and an increase in apoptosis susceptibility (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio) in tumours of treated group compared to untreated group. In contrast, it was observed a decrease in apoptosis susceptibility (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio) in livers of Aloe vera and honey-treated group, showing a possible protective effect in liver tissue. In order to elucidate the therapeutic effects of Aloe vera and honey solution on oxidative stress and cachexia development, Aloe vera and honey-treated and untreated rats before tumour induction were distributed into the following groups: tumour-bearing rats treated after tumour implant (CWA), treated before tumour implant (AW), treated before and after tumour implant (AWA) with Aloe vera and honey solution and untreated tumour-bearing rats (CW). After 21 days of tumour implant, morphometric analyses, serum proteins content and oxidative stress assays (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-Stransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities and protein and MDA content) were evaluated in liver, muscle and myocardium. The Aloe vera and honey treatment modulated oxidative stress, tissue wasting and cachexia, especially as therapeutic way (CWA). On the other hand, tumour of Aloe vera and honey-treated rats tended to increase oxidative stress and/or decrease antioxidant enzymes activities. These data suggested Aloe vera and honey treatment affected tumour and host in a different way, by preserving host tissues while promoted damages in tumour tissue / Mestrado / Fisiologia / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Orientador: Claudiney Rodrigues Carrasco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T20:40:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Onofre_CintiaCampolinade_M.pdf: 3572761 bytes, checksum: 7391a9a61d53c2f98a83ba31d5a3f58d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A presente dissertação de mestrado elabora um panorama das trilhas musicais dos filmes da Companhia Vera Cruz e contribui para o preenchimento de uma lacuna bibliográfica sobre trilhas musicais brasileiras da década de 50. Com esse estudo, verificamos como alguns compositores procederam, entendendo as características estéticas da época e percebendo como estas composições musicais se situam no cenário de trilha sonora cinematográfica no Brasil. Para tanto, foram realizadas consultas bibliográficas, hemerográficas, entrevistas e análises fílmicas aliadas à teoria musical dos dezoito filmes de ficção da Vera Cruz / Abstract: This present master¿s thesis elaborates a panorama of the soundtracks of the Cinematographic Company Vera Cruz and contributes for the fulfilling of a bibliographical gap on the Brazilian musical tracks from the fifties decade. With this study, we verify how some composers had proceeded, understanding the aesthetic characteristics of that period of time having the perception as these musical compositions had taken place into the Brazilian¿s cinematographic soundtrack scenario. On account of these research bibliographical, interviews, research in reviews and newspapers from that period and filmic analyses allied to musical theory have been done on the eighteen fiction Vera Cruz films / Mestrado / Mestre em Multimeios

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-15T17:10:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renatamendesdefreitas.pdf: 1082430 bytes, checksum: 17933c41d6c615bede876aefdcce85ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T12:27:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renatamendesdefreitas.pdf: 1082430 bytes, checksum: 17933c41d6c615bede876aefdcce85ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renatamendesdefreitas.pdf: 1082430 bytes, checksum: 17933c41d6c615bede876aefdcce85ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As Neoplasias Mieloproliferativas são originadas por uma proliferação clonal de um progenitor hematopoético. Descrita inicialmente em 1951 como “Doenças Mieloproliferativas” e reavaliada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em 2011, as Neoplasias Mieloproliferativas agrupam a Policitemia Vera, Trombocitemia Essencial e Miefibrose Primária em um subgrupo chamado de BCR-ABL negativo. De acordo com a revisão dos critérios adotados para o diagnóstico das Neoplasias Mieloproliferativas a presença da mutação JAK2 V617F é considerada critério de maior importância para o diagnóstico do subgrupo BCR-ABL negativo representando um marcador clonal. A Policitemia Vera é principalmente diagnosticada por um aumento na massa eritrocitária independente de fator estimulante, aumento de leucócitos no sangue periférico, esplenomegalia e trombocitose. Ocorre, geralmente, em homens e mulheres com faixa etária de 60 anos, com incidência de 0,7 a 2,6/100.000 habitantes/ano. A mutação V617F no gene JAK2 produz uma proteína alterada que ativa constitutivamente a via JAK-STAT e outras vias downstream de modo que, as proteínas de ativação transcricional e transdutoras de sinal (STAT do inglês Signal Transducerand Activator of Transcription) são fosforiladas posteriormente impactando na expressão de genes envolvidos na regulação da apoptose e proteínas regulatórias, além de alterar a taxa de proliferação das células hematopoéticas. Neste trabalho foram selecionados 26 pacientes com Policitemia Vera, os quais foram atendidos na cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Foram realizadas análises de mutações no gene JAK2 a partir do material genético isolado do sangue periférico. Os dados clínicos de cada paciente foram relacionados entre si e correlacionados com os dados moleculares. / Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are caused by a clonal proliferation of a hematopoietic progenitor. First described in 1951 as “Myeloproliferative Diseases” and reevaluated by the World Health Organization in 2011 (WHO, 2011), the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms gather the Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Mielofibrose in a subgroup called negative BCR-ABL. According to WHO the revised diagnosis criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms, the presence of JAK2 V617F mutation, is considered the most important criterion for the diagnosis of negative BCR-ABL subgroup representing a clonal marker. The Polycythemia Vera is primarily diagnosed by an independent stimulating factor in red cells mass increasing, followed by an increase of leukocytes in peripheral blood, spleen and thrombocytosis. It usually occurs in men and women of all age groups with higher incidence in 60-year-old patients ranging from 0.7 to 2.6/ 100.000 hab/year. The V617F mutation in the JAK2 gene produces an altered protein that activates constitutively the JAK-STAT pathway and other pathways downstream as a result the protein transcriptional activation and signal transduction (STAT) are subsequently phosphorylated causing impact in the expression of genes involved in regulation of apoptosis and regulatory proteins, as well as altering the rate of proliferation of hematopoietic cells. In this study 26 patients with Polycythemia Vera were selected in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. The peripheral blood was used for genetic material isolation (JAK2 mutation). The clinical data of each patient were related to each other and correlated with the molecular data.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / INTRODUÃÃO: A mucosite oral (MO) à um efeito colateral frequente em pacientes sob tratamento oncolÃgico, em especial à quimioterapia (QT). Caracteriza-se por hiperemia, edema e Ãlceras em toda a cavidade oral e faringe. A importÃncia da MO à devido à dor, alteraÃÃes do paladar e infecÃÃes locais. Surge incapacidade de alimentar-se, ingerir lÃquidos, risco de infecÃÃes sistÃmicas, necessidade de interrupÃÃo da QT, necessidade de hospitalizaÃÃo, tornando o tratamento mÃrbido, dispendioso, doloroso e muitas vezes impossÃvel ou ineficaz. Ainda nÃo hà terapÃutica totalmente eficaz, com nÃvel de evidÃncia que torne a MO manejÃvel. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos do tratamento tÃpico com duas plantas medicinais, a Myracrodruon urundeuva (aroeira) e a Aloe barbadensis (babosa) sobre o desfecho da MO experimental induzida por 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) em hamsters, atravÃs de escores macro e microscÃpicos e avaliaÃÃo de perda ponderal. Investigar os possÃveis mecanismos envolvidos nesses efeitos, atravÃs de anÃlise da atividade de mieloperoxidase (MPO) e expressÃo tissular de TNF-alfa e iNOS. MATERIAIS E MÃTODOS: Hamsters Goldem siriam receberam injeÃÃes i. p. de 60 e 40 mg/Kg de 5-FU, nos dias 1 e 2, respectivamente. No dia 4 os animais eram anestesiados, tinham suas mucosas jugais submetidas a trauma mecÃnico (TM) com agulha de ponta romba. Em seguida, eram tratadas com gel inerte (controle), gel de aroeira a 5, 10 ou 20% (AR) ou gel de babosa (ALOE) a 25, 50 e 100% . Tais tratamentos eram realizados 2xdia atà o dia 9. Os animais eram pesados diariamente. No dia 10, ocorriam os sacrifÃcios para: 1. AnÃlise macroscÃpica das mucosas; 2. Retiradas de amostras para histopatologia, imunohistoquÃmica para e dosagem de MPO. RESULTADOS: Na anÃlise macroscÃpica, AR determinou inibiÃÃo significativa da MO (AR 5% - Md 2; AR 10% - Md 3; Controle â Md 4), ALOE tambÃm inibiu a MO (ALOE 25% - Md 1; ALOE 50% - Md 1,5; ALOE 100% - Md 1; Controle â Md 4). à histopatologia confirmou-se inibiÃÃo significativa da MO pela AR (p < 0,01) e pela ALOE a 50 e 100% ( p< 0,01). Houve tambÃm inibiÃÃo dos nÃveis de MPO pelos extratos das duas drogas e a expressÃo de TNF-alfa e iNOS tambÃm foi reduzida. Houve uma tendÃncia a uma menor perda ponderal nos grupos experimentais. CONCLUSÃES: Extratos de ALOE e AR foram capazes de inibir a MO experimental induzida por 5-FU atravÃs de aplicaÃÃes tÃpicas e tal efeito pode ser modulado por suas atividades anti-inflamatÃrias sobre a produÃÃo de citocinas envolvidas com o processo e de NO. / INTRODUCTION: Oral mucositis (OM) is a frequent dose-limiting and costly complication of antineoplastic chemotherapy. Itâs caractherized by ulcerative lesions and causes pain, restrict food and fluids oral intake and causes substancial risk for sepsis. In severe cases, hospitalization, parenteral nutrition and opiode analgesics are required. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effects of extracts of two herbal medicines, Aloe barbadensis Miller (Ab) and Myracrodruon urundeuva AllemÃo (Mu) on 5-fluorouracil-induced OM in hamsters. To evaluate the possible mechanisms by the extracts act, it was performed analysis of intensity of activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and analysis of immunohistochemistry for TNF-alpha and iNOS in mucosa specimens. METHODS: Golden siriam hamsters were submitted to intra-peritoneal 60 and 40 mg/Kg injections of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in day 1 and 2, respectively. On day 4, animals were submitted to anaesthesia, followed by mecanic trauma with needle to potenciate the effect of 5-FU. After that, the mucosas were treated with topical gel containing Mu extracts at 5, 10 or 20%, Ab extracts at 25, 50 or 100% (experimental groups) or carbapol gel (control group). The treatments above were mantained twice daily until day 9. On day 10 the animals were sacrified. Diferent parameters were evaluated: macroscopic and microscopic scores of OM, body mass variation and immunohistochemistry for TNF-alpha e iNOS. RESULTS: Mu significantly inhibited macroscopic oral mucositis at 5 and 10% concentrations (5% Mu â Md 2; 10% Mu â Md 3; control â Md 4, p < 0,01). Ab also inhibited OM (25% Ab â Md 1; 50% Ab â Md 1,5; 100% Ab â Md 1; control â Md 4, p < 0,001). These results were confirmed by histological analysis (5% Mu â Md 1,5; 10% Mu â Md 1; 25% Ab â Md 1; 50% Ab â Md 1,5; 100% Ab â Md 1; control â Md 2, p < 0,01). MPO activity was significantly decreased by Mu and Ab compared to control animals. Both Mu and Ab decreased expression of TNF-alpha and iNOS on tissue. It was observed a decrease on ponderal lost in experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Myracrodruon urundeuva and Aloe barbadensis cause important inhibitory effects in oral mucositis 5-FU induced probably by their antiinflamatory properties.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención: Fruticultura / Aloe vera es una especie CAM resistente a la sequía de gran proyección económica debido a que tiene importantes propiedades relacionadas con el área de la industria cosmética, alimenticia y farmacológica, es una especie adecuada para ser cultivada en zonas áridas y semiáridas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la disponibilidad de agua en la producción de biomasa aérea y en la eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA) de Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller). El trabajo se realizó en condiciones de invernadero en el Campus Antumapu de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de Chile y comprendió la temporada 2007 y 2008. Los tratamientos hídricos se evaluaron a través de variación del peso de las macetas. El tratamiento 1 (T1) consistió en mantener las macetas entre el 60% y el 80% de la capacidad de campo (C. de C.) del suelo y el T2 consistió en mantener entre el 30% y el 50% de la C. de C. del sustrato. Para evaluar crecimiento se realizaron cosechas cada 45 días, con la finalidad de obtener: materia verde, materia seca, área foliar, número de hojas, número de hijuelos, distribución de asimilados y eficiencia del uso del agua. Las variables: EUA y distribución de asimilados, presentaron diferencias que estadísticamente no fueron atribuibles al efecto del tratamiento. Las variables: materia seca, materia verde, número de hojas, número de hijuelos y área foliar, presentaron diferencias que estadísticamente fueron atribuibles al efecto del tratamiento. El valor promedio calculado de EUA para la especie, en función de la materia seca fue de 10,8 g de MS L-1 kPa-1 para el T1 y T2. Mientras que los valores promedio calculado de EUA en función de la materia verde fueron de 85 y 68 g de MV L-1 kPa-1 para el T1 y T2 respectivamente. La distribución de asimilados en la planta para el T2 favoreció el desarrollo de las raíces, las que se encontraron más dispersas y en mayor cantidad alcanzando un 43% del peso total de la planta, todo esto como estrategia de sobrevivencia ante una condición hídrica desfavorable. / Aloe vera is a CAM species resistant to drought of great economic development because it has important properties related to the area of cosmetics, food and drug, is an appropriate species to be cultivated in arid and semiarid areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water availability in biomass production and efficiency in water use (WUE) of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller). The work was conducted under greenhouse conditions Antumapu Campus of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile and understood the 2007 season and 2008. Water treatments were assessed through measurements on the variation of the weights of the pots. Treatment 1 (T1) was to keep the pots between 60% and 80% of field capacity (C. of C.) soil and T2 was to keep between 30% and 50% of the C. of C. the substrate. To evaluate growth harvests were performed every 45 days, in order to obtain: dry matter, leaf number, number of tillers, green matter, leaf area, water use efficiency and distribution of assimilates. The variables: WUE and distribution of assimilates, presented statistical differences were not attributable to treatment effect. The variables: dry matter, fresh matter, leaf number, number of tillers and leaf area, showed statistically differences were attributable to treatment effect. The calculated value of WUE for the species, based on the dry matter was 10.8 g DM L1 kPa-1 , for the T1. While the average values calculated according to the GM borders was between 85 and 68 g GM L-1 kPa-1 for de T1 and T2 respectively. The distribution of assimilates in the plant for T2 favored the development of roots, which were more dispersed and more of reaching 43% of the total weight of the plant, all of this as a survival strategy to unfavorable water conditions.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) typically develops in patients with a history of allergic ailments, and is characterised by an itchy, inflammatory skin condition with scaling, lichenification, papules, excoriations and pruritus. In AD patients a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition is seen, associated with IgE hyper production. AD flares are largely triggered by environmental factors. However, the exact etiology of AD is unclear and there is a pressing need for new treatment regimens as AD is a chronic condition and requires long term treatment. Historically Aloe has been used to treat skin conditions as well as a variety of other diseases. To further explore the pathogenesis and treatment of AD, Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) for atopic dermatitis induction. Thereafter, mice were treated with either Aloe ferox or Aloe vera applied daily on the dorsal skin for 10 consecutive days. A placebo gel was used for the control mice. Blood was collected at the end of the treatment period and serum IgE levels measured. Serum IgE levels were significantly lowered in the Aloe ferox group than in the Aloe vera group. This study demonstrated Aloe’s immunoregulatory potential for alleviating atopic dermatitis through influencing of Th2 cell activation. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Pharmacology / unrestricted

The study explores Vera Friséns (1910-1990) drawn self-portraits with the aim to establish new knowledge about a previous uncharted part of Friséns artistry, where previous focus mainly has been on painting. The self-portraits are examined and discussed in relation to Bia Mankell's previous reserach about the genre of self-portraits during the 1900's along with the phenomenology of drawing as defined by David Rosand. Study shows three main themes are found in Friséns drawings: the prominent eyes and the gaze, the moving and tactile hand and the occurence of vegetation. Study shows that the visual elements in Friséns drawings partly correlate with modernist conventions. Further, through the directions of the gaze Friséns self-portraits can be interpreted as an exploration of her own identity since eyes tend to represent the immaterial aspects of a human being. The occurence of the moving hand and vegetation can partly be interpreted as symbolic for the artist role as well as the close connection Frisén had to nature, however the most prominent is the connection to the artists moving hand which can be traced through the lines of the drawings. Study touches upon the relationship and interaction between the drawn self-portrait and the viewer, where the conclusion is drawn that when placing previously private drawings in the context of a public exhibition new meanings are created, where the open structure of the drawing together with the viewers gaze contribute to complete the drawings in a new way as well as the materiality of the drawings affect the viewer in relation to time.

As Neoplasias mieloproliferativas (NMP) representam um vasto grupo de doenças clonais hematológicas malignas com três elementos principais: Policitemia vera (PV), Trombocitemia essencial (TE), e Mielofibrose Primária (MFP). JAK2 é uma proteína citoplasmática com atividade de tirosina quinase com função na transdução de várias vias na hematopoiese. A identificação da mutação do gene JAK2 (JAK2V617F) nas PV, TE e MFP representa um importante avanço para a compreensão da biologia destas NMPs. Variações marcantes na frequência desta mutação são observadas entre os diferentes estudos e acredita-se que um dos fatores responsáveis por estas diferenças seja a sensibilidade do método utilizado. Atualmente, diversas técnicas para detecção de JAK2V617F têm sido utilizadas, testadas e validadas quanto à sua sensibilidade e especificidade, entre elas: PCR RFLP (Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorphysm), ARMS PCR (Amplification-Refractory Mutation System), HRM (High-Resolution Melt Analysis) e Sequenciamento pela técnica de Sanger. Neste estudo foram realizadas todas as metodologias citadas anteriormente para a detecção da mutação de JAK2V617F em amostras de sangue de 136 pacientes (PV=20; MFP=20; TE=28; suspeita de NMP=68). Os resultados obtidos foram concordantes para as quatro técnicas empregadas nos pacientes com PV e MFP, já nos pacientes com TE as metodologias PCR-ARMS e PCR-HRM detectaram a mutação JAK2V617F em 67,8% enquanto o PCR-RFLP e o Sequenciamento pela técnica de Sanger foi 71,4% e 64,2% respectivamente. Nos casos onde houve suspeita diagnóstica de NMP também foram encontradas discordâncias entre as metodologias PCR-RFLP (4,4%) e PCR-HRM (1,5%) quando comparadas ao PCR-ARMS (3%) e o Sequenciamento (3%). O PCR-ARMS foi considerado nesse estudo como a melhor técnica para a detecção da mutação JAK2V617F, devido o menor risco de contaminação cruzada durante a reação, baixo tempo de execução, além da sua capacidade de determinação da carga alélica de JAK2, importante para o acompanhamento do paciente / Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) represent a large group of clonal hematologic malignant diseases with three main members: Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), and Primary Mielofibroses (PMF). JAK2 is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase protein and is important in different signal transduction pathways. Identification of JAK2V617F mutation in PV, ET and PMF is an important advance for understanding the biology of MPN. Differences in the frequency of this mutation are reported among different studies and it is believed that technical sensitivity could be the major reason for this variability. Currently, several techniques for detection of JAK2V617F have been developed, tested and validated for their sensitivity and specificity, including: PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorphysm), PCR-ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutation System), PCR-HRM (High-Resolution Melt analysis) and Sanger Direct Sequencing. The present study, evaluated all four molecular diagnostic methods mentioned above blood samples from 136 patients (PV=20; MFP=20; ET=28 and other MPN=68). Comparable results were observed for PV and PMF when all technics were applied. Patients with diagnosis of ET JAK2V617F mutations were detected in 67.8% when PCR-ARMS and PCR-HRM were used whilst PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing detected 71.4% and 64.2% respectively. In 68 patients with suspicion of MPN discordant results were seen between PCR-RFLP (4.4%) and PCR-HRM (1.5%) when compared to PCR-ARMS (3%) and direct sequencing (3%) related to JAK2V617F frequency. In conclusion PCR-ARMS was considered the most reliable methodology for JAK2V617F detection by presenting the lowest risk for cross contamination, less laborious, and the ability in determining allele burden that is becoming an important tool for risk stratification