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Cette recherche consiste en un examen du rôle du festival dans une communauté linguistique en contexte minoritaire confrontée à des enjeux spécifiques tels que l’assimilation, l’exogamie, la diglossie, l’inégal accès aux services dans sa langue, de même que l’accès limité aux produits culturels de son groupe linguistique. Le cas des festivals francophones en milieu minoritaire sert à interroger concrètement et empiriquement les possibilités, les conditions, les limites et les contraintes de cette forme particulière d’événement en tant que vecteur de la vitalité culturelle d’une communauté minoritaire. Le festival est aussi exploré en lien aux grandes finalités de développement culturel et de démocratie culturelle, soit des mécanismes culturels à la source des politiques culturelles modernes, ainsi qu’en lien à son rôle aux niveaux de l’affirmation et de la consolidation identitaires. Une étude de cas multiples a été menée afin de comparer et d’analyser trois festivals francophones en milieu minoritaire ontarien qui sont mis sur pied dans différentes régions, et ont des objectifs à la fois similaires et différenciés : 1) La Nuit sur l’étang (Sudbury) ; 2) le Festival franco-ontarien (Ottawa) ; et 3) le Festival du Loup (Lafontaine-Penetanguishene). En focalisant sur chaque cas étudié, nous sommes en mesure de donner une vue d’ensemble du phénomène « festival » dans un tel contexte. Cette recherche présente, par le biais de sources documentaires, d’observations sur le terrain et d’entretiens auprès des organisateurs, des festivaliers et des artistes de ces événements, les perceptions qu’en ont et l’utilisation qu’en font ces différentes catégories d’acteurs impliqués. Elle fait plus précisément état de la contribution du festival au niveau des mécanismes culturels proposés ci-dessus. En outre, elle permet de déterminer si les acteurs directement impliqués dans ce type d’événement le perçoivent comme un enjeu important pour la francité. Bref, l’ensemble des contributions qu’apportent les festivals francophones en Ontario montrent en quoi ces événements agissent comme des vecteurs de la vitalité culturelle d’une communauté minoritaire. / This dissertation examines the role of the festival in a linguistic community in a minority context confronted with assimilation, exogamy, diglossia, unequal access to services in their mother tongue, as well as limited access to cultural products of their linguistic group. The case of francophone festivals in a minority situation serves as a way to verify concretely and empirically the possibilities, the conditions, the limits and the constraints of this particular form of event as a vector of cultural vitality of a minority community. The festival is also explored in regard to cultural development and cultural democracy, that is, two cultural mechanisms related to modern cultural policy. The role of the festival in relation to identity affirmation and identity consolidation is also explored. A multiple case study was conducted in order to compare and analyze three francophone festivals in minority communities in Ontario that take place in different regions, and that have similar and different objectives: 1) La Nuit sur l’étang Sudbury); 2) the Festival franco-ontarien (Ottawa); and 3) the Festival du Loup (Lafontaine-Penetanguishene). By focusing on each of these cases, we are able to give a broader view of the festival phenomenon set in this particular context. This research presents, through the use of documentary sources, fieldwork observations and interviews with festival organizers, audience members and artists, the perceptions they have and the use they make of the festival. It also sheds light on the contribution of the festival pertaining to the aforementioned cultural mechanisms and if the actors directly implicated in this type of event perceive them as being an important issue for Frenchness. In sum, the various contributions of francophone festivals in Ontario studied in this research demonstrate how these events act as vectors of cultural vitality of a francophone minority community.

Submitted by FABIANA SOUZA (souza.m.fabiana@gmail.com) on 2017-03-20T13:17:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_final version_20.03.2017 pdf with ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1522104 bytes, checksum: ae5f88ba601637a307b8ea2ea7ec9c03 (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Bom dia Fabiana, Já recebi sua submissão, mas será necessário alguns ajustes. *Título do seu trabalho deve estar em letra maiúscula. *Apenas seus título e seu nome em negrito nas páginas. *Após o agradecimento em inglês é necessário colocar o agradecimento em português. Com a conclusão destes ajustes tudo está certinho. Fazer novamente a postagem e aguardar a URL para assim fazer a submissão no aluno online. Qualquer dúvida estamos à disposição. Att, Pâmela Tonsa on 2017-03-20T13:36:23Z (GMT) / Submitted by FABIANA SOUZA (souza.m.fabiana@gmail.com) on 2017-03-20T14:57:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_final version_20.03.2017_final 14h55.pdf: 1527728 bytes, checksum: 54003154e3eecd0b2ea7326a1f8312dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-20T15:37:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_final version_20.03.2017_final 14h55.pdf: 1527728 bytes, checksum: 54003154e3eecd0b2ea7326a1f8312dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T15:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_final version_20.03.2017_final 14h55.pdf: 1527728 bytes, checksum: 54003154e3eecd0b2ea7326a1f8312dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / This thesis is a set of three studies concentrated on the antecedents and effects of users trust in online health groups on Facebook. People in Brazil are increasingly using these groups as a way to find health information and support from people who experience the same health challenges. There are several types of online groups addressing various topics of interest gathering together hundreds and thousands of individuals who can easily participate and interact with others. Their goal is to be able to improve their knowledge about their topic of interest, to manage their health condition better. Also many seek advice to better deal with the disease and alleviate its symptoms. Others are seeking support for behavior change to be healthier. The participation of people in such groups has the potential to address many health issues and positively influences health systems. So it is important to better understand about aspects that can contribute to the online group's sustainability and longevity, such as the activity of members, its inner workings and the relationship between members. These online groups are constituted by people who do not know each other personally. Thus, trust is an aspect that materializes from the interactions experienced and relationships constituted within the community. These experiences, result of the interaction of the individual with the other participants and the knowledge available, has the potential to increase or decrease their trust in the online groups. Which in turn impacts the way people engage in the community and contribute their knowledge as well as the adoption of knowledge available in the online group. The first study discusses aspects of the activity of members and the online group inner workings. These aspects imply the vitality of online communities, a crucial element for its success and development. Based on previous literature, we identified that there is no measure to assess the vitality of the community, although its dimensions have already been conceptualized. The main contribution of this paper is the development and validation of the Online Community Vitality scale, which can be measured by 20 items composed of five sub-dimensions: content quantity, content quality, interactivity, responsiveness, and atmosphere. The second study seeks to address the literature gap by exploring the determinants of individuals trust in online health groups. The main contribution of the second paper is the extension of the literature of trust in the context of social medias by testing and validating new variables as antecedents of trust: online community vitality, community support and perceived information credibility. The last study proposes that the participant's trust in online health groups have the potential to increase their engagement, knowledge adoption and contribution. Also, proposes that engagement positively influences the adoption of knowledge and knowledge contribution. The results support all prepositions. The findings contribute to the expand the literature about trust and engagement, considering the context of online health groups on Facebook. / Esta tese é um conjunto de três estudos sobre os fatores que impactam a confiança do indivíduo em grupos online de saúde no Facebook, bem como os efeitos da confiança nestes grupos. No Brasil as pessoas estão cada vez mais utilizando tais grupos como forma de acesso as informações de saúde e também para obter apoio de pessoas que enfrentam os mesmos desafios de saúde. Existem vários tipos de grupos online que tratam de temas diversos e reúnem centenas e milhares de pessoas, que facilmente participam e interagem com semelhantes. Estas pessoas buscam melhorar o seu conhecimento sobre o tópico de seu interesse, a fim de melhor administrar sua condição de saúde. Além disso, muitos procuram aconselhamento para melhor lidar com a doença e aliviar seus sintomas. Outros buscam suporte para que mudem seu próprio comportamento de modo a se tornarem mais saudáveis. A participação de pessoas em tais grupos tem potencial para ajudar na solução de muitos problemas de saúde e também influenciar positivamente os sistemas de saúde. Desta forma, é relevante a compreensão dos aspectos que podem contribuir para a sustentabilidade e longevidade do grupo online, tais como: as atividades dos membros, o funcionamento interno da comunidade e a relacionamento entre os membros. Os grupos on-line são constituídos por pessoas que geralmente não se conhecem pessoalmente, sendo assim, a confiança é um aspecto que se materializa a partir das interações vivenciadas e das relações constituídas dentro da comunidade. Essas experiências, resultado da interação do indivíduo com os outros participantes e do conhecimento disponível no grupo, têm potencial para aumentar ou diminuir sua confiança nos grupos on-line. O que por sua vez afeta a forma como as pessoas se engajam e contribuem com seus conhecimentos, bem como a adoção do conhecimento disponível no grupo on-line. O primeiro estudo discute aspectos relativos a atividade dos membros e o funcionamento do grupo online. Esses aspectos implicam a vitalidade da comunidade on-line, crucial para seu sucesso e desenvolvimento. Com base na literatura anterior, foi identificado que não há instrumento de medida para avaliar a vitalidade da comunidade, embora suas dimensões já tenham sido previamente conceituadas. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento e validação da escala de Vitalidade na Comunidade, que pode ser medida através de 20 itens distribuídos em cinco subdimensões: quantidade de conteúdo, qualidade do conteúdo, interatividade, capacidade de resposta e atmosfera. O segundo estudo trata de uma lacuna da literatura e explora os fatores determinantes da confiança dos indivíduos em grupos de saúde on-line. A principal contribuição do segundo artigo é a ampliação do arcabouço teórico de confiança no contexto das mídias sociais, por meio do teste e validação de novas variáveis como antecedentes de confiança, são elas: vitalidade da comunidade, suporte da comunidade e percepção de credibilidade da informação. O último estudo propõe que a confiança dos participantes em grupos on-line de saúde tem o potencial de aumentar seu engajamento, adoção e contribuição de conhecimento. Também propõe que o engajamento influencia positivamente a adoção de e contribuição de conhecimento. Os resultados suportam todas as proposições. Os achados contribuem para ampliar a literatura sobre confiança e engajamento, considerando o contexto dos grupos de saúde on-line no Facebook.

Esta tese propõe uma contribuição para as análises do campo obstétrico pré-natal sendo o seu objeto a transmissão e circulação do "saber autorizador" a partir das experiências de mediação tecnológica com a cardiotocografia num contexto institucional local. O principal objetivo é mostrar que o campo obstétrico contemporâneo se constrói a partir da afirmação do feto/bebê como seu símbolo dominante. Para tanto direcionei o meu olhar para a dinâmica dos agentes institucionais em torno da tecnologia da cardiotocografia, observando as relações entre o conceito de "saber autorizador" e o simbolismo dominante contextual. Embora o conceito de "saber autorizador" tenha sido originalmente proposto para a compreensão da dinâmica dos agentes do campo obstétrico, ele foi atribuído apenas aos profissionais médicos que dominam as tecnologias de controle da condição fetal, portanto, supondo que a autoridade deste saber se encontra circunscrito a este grupo de agentes. No entanto, quando se apresenta a perspectiva da incorporação deste saber pelos múltiplos agentes do campo incluindo as gestantes, encontramos o direcionamento conjunto para uma categoria central híbrida que confere autoridade tanto ao saber quanto à experiência do grupo articulado à tecnologia obstétrica. A metodologia consistiu na observação participante da dinâmica da cardiotocografia numa Maternidade Pública do município do Rio de Janeiro, incluindo entrevistas semi-estruturadas com cinco médicos, agentes a quem o saber autorizador é originalmente atribuído. As representações dos entrevistados disponibilizaram quatro categorias: a história, os valores, os instrumentos tecnológicos e as emoções que são incorporadas/corporificadas em torno da relação do saber e da experiência de cuidado com o feto/bebê. Estas categorias serviram para a análise da observação do campo, resultando na construção da nova categoria - a vitalidade fetal - que verifica o simbolismo dominante conferido pelo feto/bebê e que mostra de maneira aprofundada o movimento contemporâneo do campo obstétrico em direção à perinatologia. / This theses aims to contribute to the analysis of the prenatal obstetrical field concerning its object which is the transmission and circulation of the authoritative knowledge from technological mediated experiences with cardiotocography in a local institutional context. The main purpose is to show how the obstetrical field is built within the affirmation of the fetus/baby as its dominant symbol. To reach this consent I turned my gaze to the dynamics of cardiotocography and its relationship between the authoritative knowledge and the contextual symbolism. Although the authoritative knowledge was a concept originally intended to explain the dynamics of the obstetrical field in regard to technology, it was only attributed to medical professionals who were able to deal with the obstetrical technology, disregarding the multiple agents who embody knowledge and experience which eventually enact a central hybrid category attached to the obstetrical technology. The methodology was based on the participant observation of a public maternity in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where I also interviewed five medical professionals to whom the authoritative knowledge is attributed. Their representations disposed four categories: their history, values, technological instruments and emotions, which are all, embodied around the relationship of knowledge and experience with the fetus/baby care. These categories were used in the fieldwork analysis to verify the dominant symbolism concerning the fetus/baby and also to demonstrate the construction of a new category the fetal vitality that explains the movement of the obstetrical field towards perinatology.

Esta tese propõe uma contribuição para as análises do campo obstétrico pré-natal sendo o seu objeto a transmissão e circulação do "saber autorizador" a partir das experiências de mediação tecnológica com a cardiotocografia num contexto institucional local. O principal objetivo é mostrar que o campo obstétrico contemporâneo se constrói a partir da afirmação do feto/bebê como seu símbolo dominante. Para tanto direcionei o meu olhar para a dinâmica dos agentes institucionais em torno da tecnologia da cardiotocografia, observando as relações entre o conceito de "saber autorizador" e o simbolismo dominante contextual. Embora o conceito de "saber autorizador" tenha sido originalmente proposto para a compreensão da dinâmica dos agentes do campo obstétrico, ele foi atribuído apenas aos profissionais médicos que dominam as tecnologias de controle da condição fetal, portanto, supondo que a autoridade deste saber se encontra circunscrito a este grupo de agentes. No entanto, quando se apresenta a perspectiva da incorporação deste saber pelos múltiplos agentes do campo incluindo as gestantes, encontramos o direcionamento conjunto para uma categoria central híbrida que confere autoridade tanto ao saber quanto à experiência do grupo articulado à tecnologia obstétrica. A metodologia consistiu na observação participante da dinâmica da cardiotocografia numa Maternidade Pública do município do Rio de Janeiro, incluindo entrevistas semi-estruturadas com cinco médicos, agentes a quem o saber autorizador é originalmente atribuído. As representações dos entrevistados disponibilizaram quatro categorias: a história, os valores, os instrumentos tecnológicos e as emoções que são incorporadas/corporificadas em torno da relação do saber e da experiência de cuidado com o feto/bebê. Estas categorias serviram para a análise da observação do campo, resultando na construção da nova categoria - a vitalidade fetal - que verifica o simbolismo dominante conferido pelo feto/bebê e que mostra de maneira aprofundada o movimento contemporâneo do campo obstétrico em direção à perinatologia. / This theses aims to contribute to the analysis of the prenatal obstetrical field concerning its object which is the transmission and circulation of the authoritative knowledge from technological mediated experiences with cardiotocography in a local institutional context. The main purpose is to show how the obstetrical field is built within the affirmation of the fetus/baby as its dominant symbol. To reach this consent I turned my gaze to the dynamics of cardiotocography and its relationship between the authoritative knowledge and the contextual symbolism. Although the authoritative knowledge was a concept originally intended to explain the dynamics of the obstetrical field in regard to technology, it was only attributed to medical professionals who were able to deal with the obstetrical technology, disregarding the multiple agents who embody knowledge and experience which eventually enact a central hybrid category attached to the obstetrical technology. The methodology was based on the participant observation of a public maternity in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where I also interviewed five medical professionals to whom the authoritative knowledge is attributed. Their representations disposed four categories: their history, values, technological instruments and emotions, which are all, embodied around the relationship of knowledge and experience with the fetus/baby care. These categories were used in the fieldwork analysis to verify the dominant symbolism concerning the fetus/baby and also to demonstrate the construction of a new category the fetal vitality that explains the movement of the obstetrical field towards perinatology.

Ce projet vise la documentation et la description du mako, une langue autochtone parlée par environ 1200 personnes dans l’Amazonie vénézuélienne et pour laquelle le seul matériel accessible à date se limite à 38 mots. L’objectif principal est de créer une collection de textes ethnographiques annotés et, à long terme, une grammaire de la langue qui puisse servir comme point de départ pour des activités d’appui au maintien de la langue dans la communauté et pour avancer la recherche linguistique. Un objectif secondaire est d’établir le degré de vitalité de la langue telle que parlée chez les différentes communautés mako. Cette recherche mènera à une description des différents aspects de la grammaire de la langue, par exemple sa phonologie, sa morphologie et sa syntaxe. En plus de contribuer à l’étude et description des autres membres de la famille linguistique sáliba et à la reconstruction de leur proto-langue commune, les données du mako contribueront aussi à des discussions sur comment le langage fonctionne et seront donc un apport précieux pour la théorie linguistique. Cette recherche fera avancer la théorie de la documentation des langues et pourra donc faciliter les efforts de documentation et maintien des langues d’autres communautés indigènes. Le projet constitue une application du modèle de travail de terrain Community-Based Language Research. / This dissertation focuses on the documentation and description of Mako, an indigenous language spoken in the Venezuelan Amazon by about 1000 people and for which the only available published material at the start of the project were 38 words. The main goals of the project were to create a collection of annotated ethnographic texts and a grammar that could serve as a starting point for both language maintenance in the community and for further linguistic research. Additionally, the project sought to assess the language’s vitality in the communities where it is spoken and to understand the relationship of Mako to the two other extant Sáliban languages, namely Piaroa and Sáliba.This research has thus led to an assessment of language vitality in the Mako communities of the Ventuari River, a comprehensive description of the Mako language—heretofore undescribed—, and an evaluation of the genetic relationship between the three Sáliban languages. The description of the language covers a wide range of topics in areas such as phonetics and phonology, nominal and verbal morphology, and syntax of both simple and complex sentences. Discourse-level morphology and discourse-organization strategies are also covered. Aside from facilitating the study of other members of the Sáliban family and reconstruction of the common ancestral language, the description of Mako also contributes to the typology of Amazonian languages and to our understanding of the pre-history of this area of the Orinoco basin. The products of this project also have the potential to be mobilized in language literacy efforts in the Mako communities.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T11:26:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ema Marta Dunck Cintra - 2016.pdf: 9425370 bytes, checksum: 2c06326bfc683abfeeea650905ca39a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T11:52:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ema Marta Dunck Cintra - 2016.pdf: 9425370 bytes, checksum: 2c06326bfc683abfeeea650905ca39a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T11:52:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ema Marta Dunck Cintra - 2016.pdf: 9425370 bytes, checksum: 2c06326bfc683abfeeea650905ca39a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / How can an ethnic identity that has been wiped out, numbed, silenced by colonization process be identified? In the case of the Chiquitano in the Portal do Encantado-MT, who had positioned themselves as indigenous people to have the right to remain in their territory, the first strategy was to trigger the mother tongue which had taken refuge in the memory of their elders. Thus, the focus of this thesis is to present how, through “memory bilingualism” , this people could trigger an interactive process of resistance, cultural and political positioning of identity assertion. An identity that those who remembered (the elders) were able to reconstruct, given the common unitary point (belonging) of representation and impulsion to the experience of traditional knowledge. This knowledge, inherited from a common past, provoked/articulated/triggered a fight in view of the hegemony imposed by the settlers and their ways of homogenization of knowledge, culture and life. Hence, based on the results of this study, which entangles decolonial authors and authors who treat the language as discourse, it is possible to state that the Chiquitano, when triggered the mother tongue which was stored in their memory, could reach the dwelling for their being and gradually establish a decolonial process, identifying their identity and their place of belonging. That’s because, collectively, they acted and promoted the interaction of different generations of people. Through reflection, they found themselves, creating themselves and their “new” world. By demanding their own school, they produced science. Giving value to the ancestral knowledge, they defined the curriculum and pedagogic practices. In this way, they recorded their culture, which was dormant in the language memory. They produced an authorial and coping pedagogy. The valorization of their knowledge and their being created the possibilities for fighting the dominant power. Memory bilingualism was the guiding basis for the training of teachers and their pedagogic practices, as well as for the assertion of an identity. Everything together, provided the resurgence of a “being more” (FREIRE, 2014) and led the sociocultural vitalization of the Chiquitano do Brasil in the Portal de Encantado-MT. / Cómo marcar una identidad étnica apagada, dormida, silenciada a causa del proceso colonizador? En el caso de los Chiquitano del Portal do Encantado-MT, que necesitaron posicionarse como indígenas para tener el derecho de permanecer en su territorio, la primera estrategia fue accionar la lengua materna que estaba refugiada en la memoria de los ancianos. Es de eso que trata esta tesis, al presentar cómo, a través del “bilingüismo de memoria” ese pueblo consiguió desarrollar un proceso interactivo de resistencia, posicionamiento cultural y político de afirmación de la identidad. Esta, por su vez, se dio a través de los ancianos que recordaban la lengua dado el punto de unidad (pertenencia) común de representación y de impulsión para la vivencia de los saberes tradicionales. Esos saberes, heredados de un pasado común, provocaron/articularon/accionaron una lucha en contra de la hegemonía impuesta por el colonizador y sus formas de homogenización del conocimiento, de la cultura y de la vida, De esta manera, con base en los resultados de este estudio, que articula autores decoloniales y autores que tratan de la lengua como discurso, es posible afirmar que los Chiquitano, al accionar la lengua materna que estaba guardada en su memoria, lograron llegar a la morada de su ser y paulatinamente establecer un proceso decolonial, demarcando su identidad y su lugar de pertenencia. Eso porque, colectivamente, actuaron y promovieron la interacción de las diferentes generaciones del pueblo. Reflexionando, fueron reencontrándose, constituyéndose a sí mismos y a su “nuevo” mundo. Con la solicitud de una escuela propia para ellos, produjeron ciencia. Valorando el conocimiento ancestral, definieron el currículo y las prácticas pedagógicas. Registraron, así, su cultura, que estaba dormida en la memoria de la lengua. Produjeron una pedagogía autoral y de enfrentamiento. La valoración de su saber y de su ser creó las posibilidades de lucha frente al poder dominante. El bilingüismo de memoria fue la base orientadora para la formación de los profesores y de sus prácticas pedagógicas, así como para la formación de una identidad. Todo eso, en conjunto, propició el resurgimiento de un “ser más” (FREIRE, 2014) y provocó la vitalización sociocultural de los Chiquitano de Brasil en el Portal do Encantado- MT. / Como marcar uma identidade étnica apagada, adormecida, silenciada em virtude do processo colonizador? No caso dos Chiquitano do Portal do Encantado-MT, que tiveram de se posicionar como indígenas para terem o direito de permanecer em seu território, a primeira estratégia foi acionar a língua materna que estava refugiada na memória dos mais velhos. E é disso que esta tese trata, ao apresentar como, por meio do “bilinguismo de memória” , esse povo conseguiu desencadear um processo interativo de resistência, posicionamento cultural e político de afirmação da identidade. Identidade essa que os lembradores (anciãos) puderam reconstituir, dado o ponto unitário (pertencimento) comum de representação e de impulsão para a vivência dos saberes tradicionais. Esses saberes, herdados de um passado comum, provocaram/articularam/acionaram uma luta em face da hegemonia imposta pelo colonizador e suas formas de homogeneização do conhecimento, da cultura e da vida. Assim, com base nos resultados deste estudo, que enreda autores decoloniais e autores que tratam a língua como discurso, é possível afirmar que os Chiquitano, ao acionarem a língua materna que estava guardada em sua memória, puderam chegar à morada do seu ser e gradativamente estabelecer um processo decolonial, demarcando sua identidade e seu lugar de pertencimento. Isso porque, coletivamente, agiram e promoveram a interação das diferentes gerações do povo. Refletindo, foram se reencontrando, constituindo-se a si mesmos e o seu “novo” mundo. Ao demandarem uma escola própria para eles, produziram ciência. Valorizando o conhecimento ancestral, definiram o currículo e as práticas pedagógicas. Registraram, assim, a sua cultura, que estava adormecida na memória da língua. Produziram uma pedagogia autoral e de enfrentamento. A valorização do seu saber e do seu ser criou as possibilidades de luta diante do poder dominante. O bilinguismo de memória foi a base orientadora para a formação dos professores e para a fundamentação de suas práticas pedagógicas, assim como para a afirmação de uma identidade. Tudo isso, associado, propiciou o ressurgimento de um “ser mais” (FREIRE, 2014) e provocou a vitalização sociocultural dos Chiquitano do Brasil no Portal de Encantado-MT.

Avhandlingens övergripande syfte var att undersöka bildterapins möjlighet att bidra till inre förändring och förbättrad hälsa hos individen. Med inre förändring avses en strukturell och varaktig förändring som sker på ett psykologiskt djupare plan, till skillnad mot en yttre och mer tillfällig förändring. Den bildterapeutiska behandlingen bygger på en kombination av bildskapande och olika grad av reflekterande, bearbetande samtal. En triangulär relation, patient – bild – terapeut, är det som på ett avgörande sätt skiljer bildterapi från andra verbala behandlingsmetoder. Avhandlingens design var främst kvalitativ, med undantag för delstudie I som var en review. I delstudie I granskades studier om bildterapi för tre olika patientgrupper. En kvalitetsbedömning genomfördes med två olika system för evidens. I delstudie II djupintervjuades kvinnor om upplevelser av inre förändring och om den visat sig i utvalda målade bilder. Intervjuerna analyserades med deduktiv och induktiv innehållsanalys. I delstudie III ställdes via e-post två öppna enkätfrågor till bildterapeuter om vad de uppfattade som en inre förändring hos patienten. Data analyserades med tematisk analys. I delstudie IV genomfördes en sekundäranalys av intervjuerna från delstudie II. Utifrån ett teoretiskt perspektiv undersöktes förekomst av vitalitetsaffekter och grundaffekter samt deras betydelse för inre förändring. En deduktiv innehållsanalys genomfördes. I avhandlingen beskrivs inre förändring och förbättrad hälsa ur tre olika perspektiv; en grupp kvinnliga patienters upplevelser, en grupp bildterapeuters uppfattningar samt ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att bildterapi kan bidra till en varaktig inre förändring som innebär identitetsförändring, förändrat beteende och förbättrad hälsa. Kvinnor som inte upplevt en inre förändring fann att bildterapin var ett stöd i vardagen. Existentiella frågor om meningen med livet var centrala både i kvinnornas och i bildterapeuternas utsagor. Resultatet visar att den terapeutiska alliansen och förmågan att utveckla en reflektiv distans till bilden är avgörande för om en individuell inre förändring är möjlig. Vidare är det viktigt med ett utforskande förhållningssätt och samtal om bildens betydelse för att en inre förändring skall kunna ske. En bildterapeutisk förändringsprocess innehåller vitalitetsaffekter och grundaffekter. Den leder till ökad insikt och medvetenhet om känslor. Den förbättrar självbilden, ökar autenticitet och autonomi, samt ger vidgade perspektiv. Avhandlingen bidrar till ökad kunskap om inre förändring och förbättrad hälsa genom behandling med bildterapi. Genom att beskriva och visa på att inre förändringar sker, beskriva vad i terapin som upplevs och bedöms som en inre förändring och att bekräfta inre förändring utifrån bakomliggande teorier, kan avhandlingen bidra till att avmystifiera den konstnärsmyt som ofta omger bildterapin och göra den mer förklarbar. Avhandlingen kan bidra till förbättrad kommunikationen mellan bildterapeuter och vårdgivare avseende metodens möjligheter och begränsningar. Vården kan därigenom överväga att använda bildterapi både som ett komplement eller ett alternativ till annan behandling. / The overall aim of the dissertation was to investigate the ability of art therapy to contribute to inner change and improved health in the individual. Inner change refers to a structural and lasting change that occurs on a psychologically deeper level, as opposed to an external and more temporary change. Art therapy treatment is based on a combination of image creation and a different degree of reflective, processing dialogue. Art therapy is distinguished from other verbal therapies by a triangular relationship, patient – image – art therapist. The thesis design was primarily qualitative, except for study I, which was a review. Study I involved examination of studies of art therapy for three different patient groups. A quality assessment was carried out using two different evidence systems. In study II, interviews were carried out with women about their experiences of inner change and whether these were exhibited in selected painted images. The interviews were analysed using deductive and inductive content analysis. In study III, two open questions were sent to art therapists about what they perceived as an inner change in the patient. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Study IV entailed a secondary analysis of the interviews from study II. Based on a theoretical perspective, the occurrence of vitality affects and basic affects and their importance for inner change were investigated. A deductive content analysis was conducted. This thesis describes inner change and improved health from three different perspectives: a group of female patients, a group of art therapists and a theoretical perspective. The results show that art therapy can contribute to a lasting inner change that involves identity change, changed behavior and improved health. Women who did not experience an inner change found that art therapy provided support in everyday life. Existential questions about the meaning of life were central to both the women's and the art therapists’ statements. The results show that therapeutic alliance, attachment and the ability to develop a reflective distance to the image is crucial to whether an individual inner change is possible. Furthermore, an exploratory approach and reflective dialogue about the importance of the image is important for an internal change to occur. An art therapeutic process of change contains vitality affects and basic affects. It leads to increased insight and awareness of feelings. It improves self-esteem, increases authenticity and autonomy, and provides widening perspectives. The thesis contributes to increased knowledge of inner change and improved health through treatment with art therapy. By showing that inner change occurs, describing what, is experienced and perceived as inner change, and by confirming inner change by theories, the thesis may demystify the myth of artistry that often surrounds art therapy and make it clearer. The thesis may contribute to improved communication between art therapists and caregivers with regard to the method’s possibilities and limitations. Caregivers can therefore consider using art therapy as a complement or as an alternative to other treatments.

In this thesis, the main objective is to determine the price of selected construction project during its life cycle and assess operational costs. As a selected object is a family town house built in 1982 as a building type okal. The theoretical part is devoted to professional concepts and detailed information regarding the lifecycle, durability, budget, and wear-related issues. The practical part includes an itemized budget and the actual award of a selected object by using the software on valuation. The resulting values of individual valuation methods are then compared and graphically displayed. Furthermore I judge the actual operating costs incurred during the period.

A qualitative research project was conducted to explore experiences of co-worker trust, relatedness and vitality through a short-term Music Therapy intervention designed to promote well-being. Thirteen adults who work at a branch of a South African bank in the Cape Winelands in the Western Cape Province of South Africa participated in the study. Six Music Therapy sessions were conducted in work time. Focus groups were conducted before and after the intervention. Data were generated by means of transcription of the focus groups, and thick description of selected Music Therapy session video clips. Data were analysed by means of content analysis through data-driven, open coding, followed by two levels of categorisation and theme extraction (Ansdell & Pavlicevic, 2001; Gibbs, 2007; Graneham & Lundman, 2004; Hsieh & Shannon, 2005; Punch, 1998). Findings suggest that participants experienced meaningful shifts in experience on all three of the identified focus construct dimensions, as well as on the dimensions of individual competence and autonomy. Further emerging questions were explored regarding the transferability of gains made in the Music Therapy space to the work context. It was proposed that increased experiences of autonomy, competence, and vitality in the therapy space supported the development of trust and enriched relatedness across both work and therapy contexts. Trust and relatedness gains were proposed to be longer-lasting. A progression of relatedness development phases was proposed, through which participants may have been able to achieve notable outcomes pertaining to improved communication, decreased conflict, increased cooperation and interpersonal support. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Music / unrestricted