Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Lopes de Araujo.pdf: 1089052 bytes, checksum: e0ff9abe59c4339676f80b1a7735aa82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / INTRODUCTION: Before any performance, singing class, or even speech therapy intervention, a series of physical and vocal workouts is done. This practice is called vocal warm-up. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to analyze vocal warm-up theory and practice in classical singing, from the perspective of different voice professionals: singing teachers, singers and speech therapists. METHOD: The study comprised 165 subjects from the three professional categories aforementioned: 86 singing teachers, 15 speech therapists, and 64 singers of both genders, aged between 22 and 70 years, in Brazil and Portugal. The subjects responded to an electronic closed-ended questionnaire characterizing the sample with information on gender, age, education, length of time in the profession and addressing questions related to the substance of this work. This is a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study. The collected data was fed in EPIDATA 3.2 and, afterwards, statistical analysis was carried out using STATA 10.0. RESULTS: The tables were compiled based on thematic axes and distributed according to the professional groups surveyed: 65.1% of singing teachers, 75% of singers, and 86.6% of speech therapists utilize physiological warm-up, however, the great majority of singing teachers (98%), singers (95.3%), and speech therapists (93.3%) use vocalises as the main vocal warm-up method. CONCLUSION: Both principles and practice of vocal warm-up are placed within the context of oral tradition. The warm-up method mostly adopted by the great majority of the subjects of this study is vocalise / INTRODUÇÃO: Antes da realização de uma performance, aula ou mesmo de uma intervenção fonoaudiológica, realiza-se uma série de exercícios físicos e vocais. A essa prática, dá-se o nome de aquecimento vocal. OBJETIVO: analisar a teoria e a prática sobre o aquecimento vocal no canto erudito, a partir da ótica de diferentes profissionais da área da voz: professores de canto, cantores e fonoaudiólogos. MÉTODO: O estudo foi realizado com 165 sujeitos das três categorias profissionais: 86 professores de canto, 15 fonoaudiólogos e 64 cantores de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 22 a 70 anos no Brasil e Portugal. Os sujeitos responderam via correio eletrônico, a um questionário fechado composto de dados de caracterização da amostra: sexo, idade, formação, tempo de profissão, e perguntas a respeito do objetivo proposto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, de natureza quantitativa de corte transversal. Após a realização dos procedimentos, os dados coletados foram digitados no programa EPIDATA 3.2. e, posteriormente, submetidos à análises estatísticas por meio do software STATA versão 10.0. RESULTADOS: As tabelas foram organizadas por eixos temáticos e distribuídas pelos grupos de profissionais, que compuseram a amostra deste estudo: 65,1% dos professores de canto, 75% dos cantores e 86,66% dos fonoaudiólogos utilizam aquecimento fisiológico, porém a maioria absoluta dos professores de canto 98%, dos cantores 95,3% e fonoaudiólogos 93,3% utilizam o vocalises como estratégia principal para o aquecimento vocal. CONCLUSÃO: A fundamentação e a prática do aquecimento estão dentro do contexto da oralidade. As estratégias mais utilizadas para realizar o aquecimento vocal pela maioria dos sujeitos pesquisados é o vocalise

In the face of the internationally tightened requirements and regulations for CO2 emissions from the transportation sector, waste heat recovery using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) has become the most significant research interest. A vehicular TEG, converting otherwise wasted thermal energy from engines to electricity directly for use in the vehicle systems, is a promising approach for vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to reduce fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions. This thesis aims to explore the main challenges to be faced in the commercialization of TEGs. Based on a review of the literature, four research gaps have been identified, which are respectively: * Translating the material improvements into TEG Performance, * Transient behaviors of vehicular TEGs under driving cycles, * Fuel saving percentage and cost-benefit estimation of TEG, * Bidirectional characteristic of TEM and bifunctional vehicular TEG. To directly address these research gaps, a quasi-static TEM model, a dynamic TEG model, a semi-empirical vehicular TEG model, and a dual-model TEM model have been respectively developed and validated through experiments on both TEM test rigs and TEG engine test benches. These developed models are used as tools to investigate the performance of TEG, parameters sensitivity, and integration effects. Model-based TEG control, TEG cost benefit ratio and feasibility of a bifunctional TEG are also explored based on the developed models. The simulation results show that TEG power generation is highly sensitive to the heat transfer coefficient of hot side heat exchanger and thermal contact resistance. The TEG installation position is identified as the most important integration effect. It has been found by the simulation result that the fuel saving with TEG installed upstream of the three-way catalyst (TWC) is 50% higher than the fuel saving with TEG installed downstream of the TWC. The fuel saving percentage for a skutterudite vehicular TEG, which can generate around 400-600W in constant speed 120km/h, is 0.5-3.6% depending on the integration position in the exhaust line. A 3-minute faster warm-up effect of engine oil can be obtained when the bifunctional TEG works in engine warm-up mode with electrical current applied.

All computer simulation models require some form of initialization before their outputs can be considered meaningful. Simulation models are typically initialized in a particular, often "empty" state and therefore must be "warmed-up" for an unknown amount of simulation time before reaching a "quasi-steady-state" representative of the systems' performance. The portion of the output series that is influenced by the arbitrary initialization is referred to as the initial transient and is a widely recognized problem in simulation analysis. Although several methods exist for removing the initial transient, there are no methods that perform well in all applications. This research evaluates the effectiveness of several techniques for reducing initialization bias from simulations using the commercial transportation simulation model VISSIM®. The three methods ultimately selected for evaluation are Welch's Method, the Marginal Standard Error Rule (MSER) and the Volume Balancing Method currently being used by the CORSIM model. Three model instances - a single intersection, a corridor, and a large network - were created to analyze the length of the initial transient for varying scenarios, under high and low demand scenarios. After presenting the results of each initialization method, advantages and criticisms of each are discussed as well as issues that arose during the implementation. The results for estimation of the extent of the initial transient are compared across each method and across the varying model sizes and volume levels. Based on the results of this study, Welch's Method is recommended based on is consistency and ease of implementation.

[Truncated abstract] The inclusion of a warm-up in the form of prior exercise (PE) is generally advocated as a preparatory strategy of choice to improve sprint performance. Although there is evidence that both increasing muscle temperature and mobilising the cardiorespiratory system prior to exercise contribute largely to the benefit of PE on sprint performance, their relative importance is unknown. Another important question relates to situations where an athlete has to engage in a sprint shortly after one or several earlier sprints. Under these conditions, is engaging in mild exercise also the most effective preparatory strategy to adopt prior to sprinting when performed after a previous sprint(s)? It was the primary aim of this thesis to address these questions. Firstly, we hypothesised that there is a temporal shift in the mechanisms responsible for the effect of PE on power output during a maximal sprint effort, with temperature-dependent mechanisms playing a more important role at the onset of the sprint and mobilisation of the cardiorespiratory system playing a more important role later. To test this hypothesis, we compared the responses of a 30-s sprint to different PE protocols designed to control for either muscle temperature or pre-exercise VO2. ... A group of trained athletes was subjected to four consecutive bouts of 30-s sprint, each separated by 20 min of either active recovery at 40% VO2 peak or passive recovery. Our results show that PP, MP-20 and MP-10 did not fall between the first and last sprints, and were not affected by active recovery. In contrast, we found that MP10 and MP30 decrease significantly between the first and last sprint of the passive recovery trial, but not when active recovery is performed between consecutive sprints. Finally, this study also showed that the fall in mean power associated with repeated 30-s sprints in the passive recovery trial resulted primarily from a fall in early, but not late power output. These findings show that the early and late mean power output of repeated sprints respond differently to active and passive recovery, with the decrease in total mean power with repeated 30-s sprints resulting primarily from a fall in early as opposed to either late power output or peak power, thus highlighting the benefit of active recovery as a favourable preparatory strategy for the performance of repeated sprints of short (<10s) or longer duration (<30s), but not for repeated peak power.

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra två olika fotbollsuppvärmningar och hur de gynnar den upplevda prestationen. Studien har utgått från följande frågeställning: Gynnas den upplevda prestationen mest av traditionell uppvärmning med tre faser eller en uppvärmningsform som innehåller smålagsspel? Metod För att besvara frågeställningen har en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med hjälp av enkätundersökning använts. Två olika uppvärmningsformer jämfördes utifrån trötthet, uppvärmningens innehåll, mental förberedelse och duration. Den ena uppvärmningsformen hade en längd på 15 minuter och bestod av en allmän del på sex minuter följd av smålagspel på nio aktiva minuter. Den andra uppvärmningsformen bestod av tre olika faser, aktiveringsfas, dynamisk rörlighet och grenspecifik fas. Denna uppvärmningsform pågick under 20 minuter och tiden fördelades jämt över de tre faserna. Resultat Studien visade på en positiv signifikant skillnad gällande durationen, dock upptäcktes ingen signifikant skillnad gällande trötthet, uppvärmningsinnehåll eller mentalförberedelse. Slutsats Slutsatsen som kan dras av denna studie är att en traditionell uppvärmningsform på 20 minuter inte ger en signifikant bättre upplevd prestationseffekt jämfört med en uppvärmningsform på 15 minuter innehållande smålagsspel. Även tidigare studier Chaáre et al. (2015) och Tillar &amp; Heimburg (2016) har visat liknande resultat. Dessa resultat var dock baserade på mätning av den fysiska prestationen som sprint och hopphöjd och inte den upplevda prestationen. Vår studie tyder på att 15 minuters uppvärmning är fördelaktig då de resterande fem minuter kan användas för träna andra taktiska eller tekniska färdigheter och således inte slösa bort träningstiden (ibid).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_r_me_rcla.pdf: 1648455 bytes, checksum: a169bc59e57fd832a6bbe9380247a8a5 (MD5) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito agudo do alongamento estático sobre diferentes parâmetros da curva força-tempo (Cf-t) isométrica e atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) de idosas em exercícios monoarticular e multiarticular. A amostra foi composta por 27 mulheres (65,4 ± 4,3 anos; 69,3 ± 9,0 Kg; 1,57 ± 1,0 m; 28,0 ± 4,0 Kg/m2). A contração voluntária máxima (CVM), taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF) (30, 50, 100, 150 e 200 ms relativos ao início da contração muscular) e TDF pico (TDFP) (inclinação mais íngreme da curva nos primeiros 200 ms) foram testadas em dois exercícios (Leg Press ou cadeira extensora) em 2 condições separadas: alongamento (A) (3 séries de 30 segundos para o quadríceps femoral) e controle (C). Em cada dia, apenas uma condição e um tipo de exercício foram testados e a ordem de emprego para cada condição e exercício foram determinadas aleatoriamente. A atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) e bíceps femoral (BF) também foi avaliada. Quatro avaliações póscondições (imediatamente após; 10; 20 e 30 minutos) foram realizadas para acompanhar o comportamento da força e da atividade muscular. Com exceção da TDF para os 100 ms durante exercício multiarticular, a ANOVA 2x2, seguida do teste post-hoc de Tukey não demonstrou interações condição vs. tempo significativas (p > 0,05) para a CVM, TDFP e TDF nos diferentes períodos de tempo avaliados para exercício monoarticular e multiarticular. Também não foi observada interação condição vs. tempo significativa para a iEMG dos músculos VM, VL e BF durante CVM e TDF nos diferentes períodos de tempo. Não foram observadas interações exercício vs. tempo (p > 0,05) para TDFP e TDF nos diferentes períodos de tempo durante comparação entre exercício monoarticular e multiarticular. Em conclusão séries agudas de alongamento... / The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of static stretching on different parameters of the isometric force-time curve (Cf-t) and electromyography activity (EMG) of elderly women during single and multiple joint exercises. Twenty-seven women (65,4 ± 4,3 years old; 69,3 ± 9,0 Kg; 1,57 ± 1,0 m; 28,0 ± 4,0 Kg/m2) were studied. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), rate of force development (RFD) (50, 100, 150, and 200 ms relative to onset of muscular contraction), and peak RFD (PRFD) (the steepest slope of the curve during the first 200 ms) were tested during two exercises (Leg Press and knee extension) under 2 separate conditions: stretching (S) (3 sets of 30 seconds) and control (C). Only one condition and exercise was tested on each day and the order of application of each condition and exercise was determined randomly. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles also was assessed. Four post-condition assessments (post-treatment, 10, 20, and 30 minutes) were performed to monitor muscle strength and muscular activity. With the exception of TDF for 100 ms during multiple joint exercise, the ANOVA 2x2, followed by Tukey post-hoc test showed no significant interactions between condition vs. time (p> 0.05) for MVC, PRFD and RFD in different periods of time for single and multiple joint exercises. There was also no significant interaction between condition vs. time to the iEMG for VM, VL and BF during MVC and RFD in different periods of time. There were no significant interactions between exercise vs. time (p> 0.05) for PRFD and RFD and in different time periods for comparison between single and multiple joint exercises. In conclusion, acute bouts of static stretching of the quadríceps do not affect the ability of rapid and maximum muscle force production and the EMG activity for VM, VL and BF of older women at single and multiple joint exercises

Orientador: Sebastião Gobbi / Banca: Paulo de Tarso Veras Farinatti / Banca: Claudio Alexandre Gobatto / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito agudo do alongamento estático sobre diferentes parâmetros da curva força-tempo (Cf-t) isométrica e atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) de idosas em exercícios monoarticular e multiarticular. A amostra foi composta por 27 mulheres (65,4 ± 4,3 anos; 69,3 ± 9,0 Kg; 1,57 ± 1,0 m; 28,0 ± 4,0 Kg/m2). A contração voluntária máxima (CVM), taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF) (30, 50, 100, 150 e 200 ms relativos ao início da contração muscular) e TDF pico (TDFP) (inclinação mais íngreme da curva nos primeiros 200 ms) foram testadas em dois exercícios (Leg Press ou cadeira extensora) em 2 condições separadas: alongamento (A) (3 séries de 30 segundos para o quadríceps femoral) e controle (C). Em cada dia, apenas uma condição e um tipo de exercício foram testados e a ordem de emprego para cada condição e exercício foram determinadas aleatoriamente. A atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) e bíceps femoral (BF) também foi avaliada. Quatro avaliações póscondições (imediatamente após; 10; 20 e 30 minutos) foram realizadas para acompanhar o comportamento da força e da atividade muscular. Com exceção da TDF para os 100 ms durante exercício multiarticular, a ANOVA 2x2, seguida do teste post-hoc de Tukey não demonstrou interações condição vs. tempo significativas (p > 0,05) para a CVM, TDFP e TDF nos diferentes períodos de tempo avaliados para exercício monoarticular e multiarticular. Também não foi observada interação condição vs. tempo significativa para a iEMG dos músculos VM, VL e BF durante CVM e TDF nos diferentes períodos de tempo. Não foram observadas interações exercício vs. tempo (p > 0,05) para TDFP e TDF nos diferentes períodos de tempo durante comparação entre exercício monoarticular e multiarticular. Em conclusão séries agudas de alongamento... (Resumo completo, clicâr acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of static stretching on different parameters of the isometric force-time curve (Cf-t) and electromyography activity (EMG) of elderly women during single and multiple joint exercises. Twenty-seven women (65,4 ± 4,3 years old; 69,3 ± 9,0 Kg; 1,57 ± 1,0 m; 28,0 ± 4,0 Kg/m2) were studied. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), rate of force development (RFD) (50, 100, 150, and 200 ms relative to onset of muscular contraction), and peak RFD (PRFD) (the steepest slope of the curve during the first 200 ms) were tested during two exercises (Leg Press and knee extension) under 2 separate conditions: stretching (S) (3 sets of 30 seconds) and control (C). Only one condition and exercise was tested on each day and the order of application of each condition and exercise was determined randomly. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles also was assessed. Four post-condition assessments (post-treatment, 10, 20, and 30 minutes) were performed to monitor muscle strength and muscular activity. With the exception of TDF for 100 ms during multiple joint exercise, the ANOVA 2x2, followed by Tukey post-hoc test showed no significant interactions between condition vs. time (p> 0.05) for MVC, PRFD and RFD in different periods of time for single and multiple joint exercises. There was also no significant interaction between condition vs. time to the iEMG for VM, VL and BF during MVC and RFD in different periods of time. There were no significant interactions between exercise vs. time (p> 0.05) for PRFD and RFD and in different time periods for comparison between single and multiple joint exercises. In conclusion, acute bouts of static stretching of the quadríceps do not affect the ability of rapid and maximum muscle force production and the EMG activity for VM, VL and BF of older women at single and multiple joint exercises / Mestre

Graduation thesis focuses on warm ? up in a way of running drills, so called ABC running drills. It shortly presents dilemmas of physical load and preparation of human organism by warm ? up on physical load. It continues with zoom in running skills and advances on parts dedicated to concrete running excercises. Particular drills are captured on videorecording with audio commentary and it can be found in attachment. The ending is created by possibilities a suggestions for implementation of these drills in educational practice.

Názevpráce Komparace efektivity rozcvičení florbalistů Cíle práce Zjistit, které z vybraných druhů rozcvičení má největší vliv na rychlostní výkon florbalisty. Metoda Data pro komparaci efektivity rozcvičení budou dosažena pomocí srovnávací studie, kdy probandi podstoupí různé druhy rozcvičení. Probandi budou testováni testovou baterií, která je součástí kondičních testů české reprezentace. Využity budou fotobuňky zapůjčené od České florbalové unie. Výsledky Zobrazují efektivitu jednotlivých druhů rozcvičení florbalistů. Klíčová slova Rozcvičení, dynamický strečink, florbal, experiment, komparace

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Playing related musculoskeletal disorder (PRMD) is common among instrumentalists, professionals, amateurs and music students with a prevalence ranging from 39-47% with an impact on playing and performance. This is synonymous to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among other work population. Risk factors such as lack of warm ups, awkward posture, long playing hours and bad techniques has been consistently indicated as risk factors influencing the incidence of PRMDs among instrumentalists. The aim of this study is to design a warm up programme for instrumentalists. The study population and sample are instrumentalists at the Centre for Performing Arts, University of the Western Cape. A cross sectional study design with a quantitative approach was utilized in this study to determine the prevalence, severity, distribution of PRMDs and its association with quality of life. All the instrumentalists learning or playing a musical instrument of the Centre for Performing Arts was approached to participate in this study. In the first phase of the study, a self administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding prevalence, distribution and the severity of PRMDs and health related quality of life. The instruments for this study are the standard NORDIC questionnaire for musculoskeletal disorders to determine pain distribution and prevalence, the visual analogue scale to determine the pain severity and the WHOQOL –BREF, a quality of life questionnaire and an adapted questionnaire to determine the knowledge of instrumentalists about injury prevention strategies. The second phase of the study, a systematic review of evidence was done on the pattern of warm up and practice habits of instrumentalists. The third phase of the study to design the content of the study was done using a Delphi study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi square was used to determine the association of prevalence, distribution and severity on quality of life. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Ethical clearance and permission to conduct study was sought, written informed consents from participants was sought clearly stating the right to participate and withdraw from study was respected and anonymity and confidentiality was be ensured. The results of the study show that 82.4 % lifetime prevalence and current prevalence of 23.5 % among instrumental musicians in a Centre for Performing Arts. The shoulder (41.2 %), neck (29.4 %) and the wrists and hands (29.4%) are the mostly affected region on the body. The most common symptoms are tightness and soreness. However, the results of the systematic review shows that there is a lack of operational term for warm up in the performing arts and this therefore could be responsible for the variations in the influence of warm up on the prevention of PRMDs. The content of the warm up programme was designed using a Delphi study and stretching and postural awareness were included with musical warm up as part of a regular warm up exercise, although, consensus was not reached on the duration of the warm up programme. Strengthening and conditioning were included to in a different exercise program done three times per week. Education on injury prevention strategies were also included in the programme and the mode of instruction agreed on was active learning and group instruction in classroom. The role of warm up exercise in the prevention of PRMDs using this model could reduce the incidence of PRMDs. However, it is important to note that the programme should be tested in order to determine the overall effect it has on PRMDs. / South Africa