This study examines the party-controlled communication of the five most important political parties in the North West Province of South Africa during the 1999 general elections. The main assumption is that political parties in developing democracies have a normative obligation to do more than canvas for votes during an election campaign. Political parties should also be instrumental through their communication in fostering a democratic political culture. Central to this argument is the notion that a typical marketing approach is not suitable for an election campaign in a developing democracy. In accordance with the participatory approach to development, it is thus proposed that the two-way symmetrical model for public relations (as proposed by James Grunig) is a more appropriate approach to election campaigns. Especially relevant for this study is the two-way symmetrical model's emphasis on interaction and the establishment of long tern relationships with target publics. Through an extensive qualitative analysis of all relevant material (party manifests, newspaper advertisements, radio advertisements, pamphlets, posters and web pages), it was found that South African political parties placed much less emphasis on the "image" of the party or its leader compared to their American counterparts. However, that did not imply that the substance of the message was emphasised adequately. On the contrary, the political parties participating in the elections in the North-West province generally failed the normative criteria of informing voters and identifying democratic values adequately. Furthermore it was found that the cognitive and emotional campaign messages were not fully integrated. While the focus was on typical election issues (emotional message), these issues were not explained and contextualised within a developing democracy to the full extend (cognitive message). Therefore the emotional message was not utilised to focus the voter's attention on policy issues and democratic values. In conclusion it is argued that political parties should do much more than merely canvas for votes. They should also empower voters by informing them on their policy issues and highlighting democratic values in society. Only then the new South African democracy will be sustainable. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The rapid growth of the Internet and the proliferation of its new applications pose a serious challenge in network performance management and monitoring. The current Internet has no mechanism for providing feedback on network congestion to the end-systems at the IP layer. For applications and their end hosts, end-to-end measurements may be the only way of measuring network performance. Understanding the packet delay and loss behavior of the Internet is important for proper design of network algorithms such as routing and flow control algorithms, for the dimensioning of buffers and link capacity, and for choosing parameters in simulation and analytic studies. In this thesis, round trip time (RTT), one-way network delay and packet loss in the Internet are measured at different times of the day, using a Voice over IP (VoIP) device. The effect of clock skew on one-way network delay measurements is eliminated by a Linear Programming algorithm, implemented in MATLAB. Distributions of one-way network delay and RTT in the Internet are determined. It is observed that delay distribution has a gamma-like shape with heavy tail. It is tried to model delay distribution with gamma, lognormal and Weibull distributions. It is observed that most of the packet losses in the Internet are single packet losses. The effect of firewall on delay measurements is also observed.

The arguments concerning the unviability of Social Democracy at the beginning of new century within the context of globalization, and the accusations for its shift towards the New Right/Neo-Liberalism in the case of the Third Way has been criticized in a historico-critical way in this thesis. It is claimed that the insufficiency of these arguments arises from their analysis of Social Democracy merely through policies, or party politics, which have displayed great variety in the evolution of Social Democracy. Their shortage also stems from misunderstandings concerning Social Democracy before 1980, such as that it was against the market economy, that it was a working class ideology, and that it neglected the individual. Against the arguments of unviability and the accusations directed to Social Democracy, the thesis will assert that the theorization of Social Democracy should be based on its principles, such as democracy, progressiveness (movement) and social justice. By focusing on social democratic conception of social justice, this thesis defends that there is continuity within the tradition of Social Democracy, even in the face of globalization and in its encounters with the developments after 1980.

This thesis seeks to make sense of the emergence of neoliberalism at the close of the twentieth century and the subsequent appearance of Third Way strategies of government in recent decades. In so doing it deals comparatively with the work of two very different, yet nevertheless both increasingly influential theorists of social change - Karl Polanyi and Nikolas Rose. In the middle decades of the twentieth century Karl Polanyi theorized what he held to be the inevitable shift from a market society to one in which the economy was embedded in a web of social relations. Some half century later in the 1990s, Nikolas Rose theorized the 'death of the social', the process by which the social logic that underpinned Western welfare states for much of the twentieth- century is giving way to a new formula for rule. Rose terms this new way of governing advanced liberalism. This thesis argues that an approach to neoliberalism and the third way that employs both Polanyi's analytical and critical tools as well as the insights gained from Nikolas Rose's governmentality studies can help to render neoliberalism both visible and contestable in new ways. Further such an approach might serve to illuminate potential paths forward.

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Sexual abuse is a global issue that can result in psychosocial consequences for the on that has been abused. Statistics show that girls and boys in high school age are among the group that are most vulnerable to sexual abuse and studies shows that high school counselors have or should have resources that can help students that has been abused. The purpose of this study is, through interviews study the work of high school counselors regarding students that have been sexually abused but also how they work to prevent sexual abuse. We also wanted to investigate if there are any differences in the mode of work depending on gender. Our study is based on interviews of six high school counselors that we interviewed in person at their work place. To analyze our data, we took help from previous research on the subject but also theories about action space, sexuality and gender. Our result shows that the high school counselors work in different ways to help students that have been sexually abused but there are no specific guidelines on how the high school counselors are supposed to work to prevent sexual abuse and deal with students that have been abused. Their main job is to be a support system for the student if she or he need to talk to somebody and guide the student through the process of pressing chargers or contacting different authorities. It became evident in our study that prevention and the way of dealing with sexual abuse needs to improve in the high school counselors’ work, which most of the school counselors said themselves. None of the counselors said that they work differently based on the student´s gender but half of them used the word boy when describing the perpetrator and girl when describing the victim. With the help of our theory we could see that there is a perception in society where the male gender is often seen as the perpetrator and that this perception affects how high school counselors see and talk about sexual abuse. This perception makes it also more difficult for boys to talk about sexual abuse and also realize when they have been victims of sexual abuse.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-09-16T18:28:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CeliaJuliano Roque2.pdf: 1304374 bytes, checksum: ef4d2dd8b49cfe8f2bc53477b9103d0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T18:28:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CeliaJuliano Roque2.pdf: 1304374 bytes, checksum: ef4d2dd8b49cfe8f2bc53477b9103d0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Fourth Gospel presents Jesus through metaphors, being the object of our research the phrase: “I am the way, and the truth, and the life” that is the guiding starting point in search of the identity of the Johannine group. At the end of the first century, the Johannine group sees itself as the faithful heirs of Jesus, now followers of the disciple John (son of Zebedee), who walked with Jesus. The group is not alien to the reality of religious multiplicity of the period, being aware of the conflicts and the divergent ways to God. This shows us how identitary this theme is. From a reading in John 13.33-14.31, our dissertation has as object how the Johannine group receives this message in the imaginary, externalizes it and reacts in everyday life, as well as later groups of Gnosticism — as the Gospel of Truth from the Nag Hammadi Coptic Library, drawn from subsequent reading currents shaping the symbolic-imaginary world, cultivating different belonging characteristics and creating the identity of the Johannine group. / No Quarto Evangelho Jesus se apresenta por meio de metáforas, sendo o objeto de nossa pesquisa a frase: “Eu sou o caminho, e a verdade, e a vida”, que será o ponto de partida condutor em busca da identidade do grupo joanino. No final do primeiro século, o grupo joanino se entende como fiéis herdeiros de Jesus, agora seguidores do discípulo João (filho de Zebedeu), o qual caminhou com Jesus. O grupo não se apresenta alheio à realidade da multiplicidade religiosa do período, mas está atento aos conflitos e aos caminhos divergentes para Deus. Isso nos aponta o quão identitário é o tema. A partir de uma leitura em João 13.33-14.31, nossa dissertação tem como objeto o modo como o grupo joanino recebe essa mensagem no imaginário, a exterioriza e reage no cotidiano, bem como os grupos posteriores do gnosticismo —como o Evangelho da Verdade da Biblioteca Copta de Nag Hammadi, elaborado a partir de leituras ulteriores que plasmam o mundo simbólico imaginário, cultivando diferentes características de pertença, gerando a identidade do grupo joanino.

L'initiation d'Henri Beyle à la solitude et à la mort se passe essentiellement dans la chambre de la « mère morte, » dans une intimité à la tonalité érotique. La présente étude a le projet d’analyser l'univers de la représentation inconsciente de Stendhal à partir d'un thème unique : celui de la chambre de la « mère morte », remplie du sentiment de la solitude et de la mort. La spécificité de son expérience de la chambre poursuit Henri Beyle la vie durant, et se reflète dans son univers romanesque. Les images poétiques, résultant des situations symboliques de la chambre, de la solitude et de la mort, sont nombreuses et expriment un processus inconscient de l'écriture stendhalienne. Que l'on fasse de la mort un accomplissement de la solitude, de la solitude une approche de la mort, la mort est envisagée par Stendhal comme un retour. La chambre est à la fois le point de départ et le point d'arrivée. Dans le monde imaginaire recherché par les héros stendhaliens se trouve toujours la chambre de la « mère morte ». L'art devient un moyen de surmonter le complexe de la mort. C'est dans l'écriture romanesque qu'Henri Beyle retrouve la place vide de sa mère et une chambre à soi. / A seven-year-old child, not yet mature enough to comprehend the meaning of death, cannot mourn the loss of his mother, is cruelly punished by his aunt. That boy is Stendhal. Henri Beyle's realization of the images of solitude and death is mainly portrayed in his dead mother's bedroom, which has an erotic and incestuous atmosphere. This study explains the universe of Stendhal's unconscious representation, beginning with this unique theme: his dead mother's room which is filled with the feeling of solitude and death. The specific experience of the room continues to obsess Henri Beyle throughout his life, and his literary works are impelled by the memories or the images of his mother. The poetic images, resulting from the symbolic situation of the room, and obviously solitude and death, are numerous, and express an unconscious process of Stendhal's writing. Whether we consider death as a circumambulation around the theme of solitude, or whether we consider death as what lies inside solitude, death is regarded by Stendhal as a way to get back to his mother. His dead mother's room is both the starting and the ending point. At the heart of the imaginary work sought by Stendhal's protagonists, mother's room is easily found. Art then becomes a way to overcome the obsession with death. It's in the romantic writing that Stendhal found the empty space left by his mother, and his own room. This is the originality of Stendhal's piece.

As sondas de alimentação constituem uma via alternativa para a administração de medicamentos em pacientes cuja situação clínica impede a utilização da via oral. É sabido que a utilização de medicamentos nesses pacientes requer cuidados especiais, tanto na seleção da forma farmacêutica quanto no preparo e na administração dos mesmos. Para se conhecer as características dos pacientes internados usando sondas de nutrição enteral (SNE) no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, bem como os medicamentos prescritos e utilizados via SNE, foram analisados 315 prontuários médicos na primeira etapa do estudo. A maioria dos pacientes era formada por adultos (51%) do sexo masculino (59%), com diagnóstico de câncer (32%) ou doença neurológica (21%). A média de uso da SNE foi de 15 dias. Noventa e cinco por cento dos pacientes utilizaram algum fármaco na forma farmacêutica sólida, principalmente comprimidos (72%), cápsulas (12%) e drágeas (9%). A taxa de troca de sonda correspondeu a 32%. Na segunda etapa do estudo, auxiliares de enfermagem foram observados em suas rotinas de trabalho no hospital, visando analisar o processo de preparo e administração dos medicamentos aos pacientes. Foi observado que esses profissionais não utilizavam técnicas adequadas nos momentos de preparo dos medicamentos e administração dos mesmos aos pacientes com SNE. A alta incidência do uso de formas farmacêuticas sólidas, o número de medicamentos prescritos, os dias de uso da sonda e a diversidade de métodos de trabalho utilizados no momento da derivação, diluição e administração dos medicamentos pelos auxiliares de enfermagem mostram que, apesar da ampla informação disponível na literatura sobre o uso de medicamentos em pacientes com SNE, a prática clínica está sendo realizada de modo inconsistente em relação aos dados disponíveis, trazendo assim dificuldades para o tratamento dos pacientes. / The tube feeding constitutes an alternative way for patients with a clinic situation that the oral way is hindered. It is known that these patients require particular methods in the drug utilization process, even in the selection of the pharmaceutical form of the medicine as in the preparation and administration of these drugs. To understand the patient characteristics using enteral tube feeding (ETF) in the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre as well as the drugs prescribed by ETF way, the medical records of 315 interned patients were analyzed in the first stage of the research. The majority of patients was adults (51%) of male gender (59%) with cancer (32%) or neurological disease (21%) diagnostic. The ETF using average was 15 days. Ninety five per cent of the analyzed patients used some kind of drug in the solid pharmaceutical form, mainly tablets (72%), capsule (12%) and coated tablet (9%). The ETF using average was 15 days. Ninety five per cent of the analyzed patients used some kind of drug in the solid pharmaceutical form, mainly tablets (72%), capsule (12%) and coated tablet (9%). The average of ETF changing was 32%. In the second stage of this research, nurse assistants were observed in their routine of working in the hospital to analyze the process of preparation and administration of the drugs to patients with ETF. It was observed that the nurses assistant neither use proper techniques in the moment of the drugs preparation nor in the administration of these drugs to patients with ETF. The high incidence of using solid pharmaceutical forms; the number of drugs prescribed, the using days of ETF and the diversity of working methods used in the derivation, dilution and administration moment by the nurse assistants showed that despite good amount of information in the literature about the administration of drugs in patients using ETF, the clinical practice is being carried out in a way that is inconsistent with the data available, causing difficulties for the patient treatment.